Sonographic Abnormalities of Thyroid Gland in pre and post-menopausal women

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1781-1784
Author(s):  
Namra Adnan ◽  
Syeda Khadija Tul Sughra Murrium ◽  
S. Mohammad Yousaf Farooq ◽  
Syed Amir Gilani
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Key Words Thyroid Gland ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background: Women that are over 50 years are usually diagnosed by thyroid disorders. The prevalence of Thyroiditis, thyroid cancer, found more under postmenopausal women than premenopausal. In the postmenopausal phase the prevalence of biochemical (or subclinical) hypothyroidism rising from 10% to 20%, or increases steadily with age in women. The study results show an enlargement in the activities of Thyroid stimulating hormone among menopausal women. Aim: To compare the sonographic findings of thyroid gland in before and after-menopausal women. Method: An Analysis of scientific literature concerning the correlation of Sonographic abnormalities of thyroid gland in pre and post-menopausal women was done. Different platforms including medical journals, books and online resources (e.g., PubMed, Google Scholar & Medline) were explored to find the relevant data using the mesh Terms: Thyroid gland, premenopausal and postmenopausal women, etc. The main focus was given to the latest data published in the last 10 years. Key words: Thyroid gland, premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Sonographic Abnormalities of Thyroid Gland in Post-Menopausal Women with and without Hormone Replacement Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Namra Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Thyroid Abnormalities

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is common especially in women over the age of 50 years. The prevalence of thyroid abnormalities is more in postmenopausal women using hormone replacement therapy. The prevalence of biochemical (or subclinical) hypothyroidism in women increases steadily with age, rising from 10% to 20% in the postmenopausal. The study results clearly indicate an increase in the activities of TSH among the older-aged post-menopausal women. Objective: To compare the sonographic findings of thyroid gland in post-menopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy. Material and Method: A review of scientific literature concerning the correlation of Sonographic abnormalities of thyroid gland in post-menopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy was done. Different platforms including medical journals, books and online resources(e.g., PubMed, Google Scholar & Medline) were explored to find the relevant data using the mesh Terms: Thyroid gland, postmenopausal women, Hormone Replacement Therapy etc. The main focus was given to the latest data published in the last 10 years.

scholarly journals Sonographic Abnormalities of Thyroid Gland in Post-Menopausal Women with and without Hormone Replacement Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Namra Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Thyroid Abnormalities

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is common especially in women over the age of 50 years. The prevalence of thyroid abnormalities is more in postmenopausal women using hormone replacement therapy. The prevalence of biochemical (or subclinical) hypothyroidism in women increases steadily with age, rising from 10% to 20% in the postmenopausal. The study results clearly indicate an increase in the activities of TSH among the older-aged post-menopausal women. Objective: To compare the sonographic findings of thyroid gland in post-menopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy. Material and Method: A review of scientific literature concerning the correlation of Sonographic abnormalities of thyroid gland in post-menopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy was done. Different platforms including medical journals, books and online resources(e.g., PubMed, Google Scholar & Medline) were explored to find the relevant data using the mesh Terms: Thyroid gland, postmenopausal women, Hormone Replacement Therapy etc. The main focus was given to the latest data published in the last 10 years.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal sonography versus hysteroscopy in detection of submucous myomas in peri and postmenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3885
Author(s):  
Kushla Pathania ◽  
Surbhi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Transvaginal Sonography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Submucous Fibroid ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a very common gynaecological condition that affects all age groups. This study was aimed at assessing the usefulness of TVS in comparison with hysteroscopy in AUB evaluation. Aim was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal sonography versus hysteroscopy in detection of submucous myomas in peri and postmenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: The present study was prospective cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kamla Nehru State Hospital for Mother and Child Indira Gandhi Medical College Shimla for period of one year w.e.f. 1st May 2018 to 30th April 2019. The study was started after hospital ethical committee approval. 76 patients peri and post-menopausal women were enrolled in the study after taking written consent.Results: On TVS- all the study subjects underwent TVS examination, submucous fibroid was detected in 10 subjects (n= 76) i.e. 13.1% (all perimenopausal). On hysteroscopy submucous fibroid was detected in 11 (14.4%) subjects, on histopathology it was confirmed in 11 subjects (14.4%). Out of 11, 8 patients underwent hysterectomy, 1 myomectomy, 2 patients had hysteroscopic removal of fibroid. 1 subject with AUB-LSM was wrongly diagnosed as AUB-P. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of transvaginal sonography versus hysteroscopy was 90.09%, 100%, 100%, 98.5% respectively.Conclusions: TVS is an important initial modality for evaluating the patient of AUB. It is quick, simple, painless, least invasive, less expensive and readily available procedure and does not need full bladder like TAS. On the other hand, hysteroscopy has a better diagnostic accuracy as it provides the option of see and treat which is recommended for peri and post-menopausal women with AUB.

scholarly journals COMPONENTS OF A HEALTHFUL DIET ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AMONG PRE- AND POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S55-S55
Author(s):  
Lisa M Troy ◽  
Sarah Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Dark Green

Abstract After menopause, women are at increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A contributing factor to increased risk may be weight gain, especially visceral adiposity. Diet plays a role in maintaining weight at all ages but less is known about the specific contributions of a healthful dietary pattern after menopause. Therefore, we evaluated associations between diet and WC as a measure of visceral adiposity. We compared 869 pre- (aged 35-45 years) and 353 post-menopausal (aged 40-65 years) women from NHANES III (1988-94). Women were pre-menopausal if they self-reported menses in the past 2 months and postmenopausal if they reported no menses in past 12 months and were aged > 40 years. Compared to premenopausal women, postmenopausal women consumed fewer Calories (-200 kcal/d) and had a higher mean waist circumference (+4.43 cm, p=0.007), after adjusting for age, race-ethnicity, height, physical activity, and smoking. Higher intakes of dark green vegetables (p=0.03) and lower intakes of potatoes (p=0.03), refined grains (p=0.001), and meats (p=0.04) were associated with lower WC for all women. Higher intakes of nuts and seeds and fish high in Omega-3 fatty acids were associated with smaller WC while higher intakes of poultry and dairy products were associated with higher WC in post- but not pre-menopausal women. Our findings generally support a diet high in nuts and seeds, dark green vegetables, and fish, and low in potatoes, refined grains, and meats. After menopause it may be important to incorporate fatty fish, nuts and seeds into the diet for lower visceral adiposity.

scholarly journals High dietary daidzein intake lowers cholesterol levels among post-menopausal women

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Elly Herwana ◽  
Pusparini Pusparini ◽  
Audria Graciela
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background<br />Menopause is associated with changes in metabolic profile. Although hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been shown to have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism, its adverse effects have indicated a need for alternative estrogen-based treatments. Several investigations have evaluated the effects of isoflavones on serum lipid levels in postmenopausal women, but the results were ambiguous. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of dietary daidzein, genistein, and glycitein levels with lipid profile in postmenopausal women.<br /><br />Methods<br />A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 186 post-menopausal women. A food recall questionnaire was used to measure dietary genistein, daidzein, and glycitein levels. Serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triacylglycerol (TAG) were measured using the enzymatic colorimetric method. Simple and multivariate linear regression were used to analyze the data.<br /><br />Results<br />Genistein intake was significantly associated with TC (b=145.48, p=0.023) and HDL cholesterol levels (b=48.80, p=0.032). Daidzein intake was significantly associated with TC (b=-204.60, p=0.003), LDL cholesterol (b=-160.81, p=0.014) and HDL cholesterol levels (b=-67.118, p=0.032). Glycitein was not significantly associated with TC (b=232.78;p=0.133), HDL (b=43.59;p=0.428), and LDL (b=235.84;p=0.116). Dietary daidzein had a more lowering effect on TC (Beta=-2.80) and HDL cholesterol (Beta=-2.67) than had genistein on TC (Beta=2.66) and HDL cholesterol (Beta=2.03).<br /><br />Conclusions<br />High dietary daidzein level has a significant lowering effect on TC, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol in post-menopausal women. Our study supports the advice given to the public to increase soy isoflavone intake in post-menopausal women.

scholarly journals The effect of iodine in patients using povidone-iodine mouth wash on thyroid function

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowri Shankar Murugesan ◽  
Manju Priya Venkat
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mouth Wash ◽  
Serum Tsh ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Thyroid gland is a key part of endocrine system and it performs its functions via two most important thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroid gland is mainly regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Povidone-iodine (polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine, PVP-I) mouthwash is commonly used to treat infections of the oral cavity and oropharynx and iodine released from PVP-I can interfere with thyroid function. In this study the effect of brief treatment with povidone-iodine mouth wash on thyroid function was assessed. The aim of the present study was to assess whether iodine is absorbed through oral transmucosal route and interfere with TSH in serum.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Fifty one patients with acute and chronic pharyngitis and tonsillitis were recruited and out of which forty-seven patients were treated with 20 ml of PVP-I mouthwash twice daily for 3 weeks and blood was collected from the respective patients before and after treatment with PVP-I. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentration was measured from the collected blood samples of the patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In the present study there was a small increase in serum TSH concentration during the therapy with PVP-I but the concentration determined was within the normal range.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Based on the results of this study we conclude that the use of PVP-I for a brief period transiently increase TSH value and prolonged use should be avoided in people with an increased risk of thyroid dysfunction and other autoimmune disorders.</p>

scholarly journals THE IMPROVEMENT OF SALIVA FLOW RATE BY GARGLING GREEN TEA STEPPING IN MENOPAUSE WOMEN WITH XEROSTOMIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 460-465
Author(s):  
Kiki Erika Tampubolon ◽  
◽  
Wilda Hafny Lubis ◽  
Awaluddin Saragih ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Analytical Test ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Saliva Flow

Endocrine and biological changes occur in postmenopausal women, the production of steroid sex hormones that affect the health of the oral cavity, with the reduction of all or part of estrogen resulting in xerostomia (dry mouth). The treatment of Xerostomia was carried out using local, mechanical and chemical stimulation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of gargling of green tea steeping on salivary flow rates in postmenopausal women with xerostomia at Darussalam Public Health Center in Medan.This is an experimental study using the design of control group, pretest-posttest and the non-probability of purposive sampling. Fourty menopausal women with xerostomia were used as sample. The treatment group gargled with green tea steeping while the control group gargled with distilled water. Saliva was collected into the pots for three minutes before and after treatment by spitting method. The analytical test used was the paired T-test and the unpaired.The results showed that there was an increase in salivary flow rate with green tea brushing rinse by 0.281750 ml/min and with aquades rinsing by 0.03335 ml/min. Furthermore, there was an effect of gargling with green tea steeping, namely an increase in the flow rate of saliva and this research can be an alternative treatment to relieve xerostomia in menopausal women.The green tea gargling was better in stimulating salivary flow rate.

scholarly journals Association of c/t polymorphism in the lrp5 gene with circulating follicle stimulating hormone in Caucasian postmenopausal women

2007 ◽  
pp. 735-739
Author(s):  
I Žofková ◽  
M Hill ◽  
K Zajíčková
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The LRP5 gene is believed to be primarily associated with bone metabolism via Wnt signaling. The latter pathway, however, appears to control various other systems outside the skeleton. To find the relationships of the LRP5 gene to serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the cohort of normal postmenopausal women, we identified the C/T (c.4037:A1330V) polymorphism in the LRP5 gene using a restriction analysis of the PCR product in a cohort of 165 untreated pre- and post-menopausal women. In a subset of 111 post-menopausal women we analyzed the association between the LRP5 genotype and serum levels of sex-hormones including FSH and LH. The distribution of CC, TC and TT genotypes of the C/T polymorphism in the whole group was 73.9 %, 23.6 % and 2.4 %, respectively, which is comparable with other Caucasian populations. As no TT homozygote was found in the group of post-menopausal women, serum sex-hormones were compared between CC and TC genotypes. Women with the CT allele combination had markedly higher serum FSH levels as compared to carriers of the CC genotype (p<0.004). No differences between these genotypes were found in serum LH levels as well as the circulating sex-steroids such as estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and/or its sulphate, androstenedione and SHBG. To conclude, the LRP5 gene is associated with circulating FSH in normal post-menopausal women in the present study. The mediating role of subtle undetectable variations in estrogen levels is discussed. We did not find any relationship between the LRP-5 genotype and serum LH levels.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SALIVARY ENZYMES IN POST MENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH AND WITHOUT PERIODONTITIS

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 088-091
Author(s):  
Santhosh Shenoy B. ◽  
Prajnya Shenoy ◽  
Avaneendra Talwar ◽  
Biju Thomas ◽  
K.S. Sharath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract Aim: To compare the levels of Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in post-menopausal women with and without periodontitis Methodology: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted. A total of 50 postmenopausal women were recruited and categorized into two groups based on their periodontal status. Their salivary samples were collected and subjected to Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) estimation in the laboratory Results: The activity of LDH and ALP were significantly higher in the post-menopausal women with periodontitis than those without periodontitis. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated post-menopausal women may have exaggerated inflammatory response to dental plaque.

scholarly journals Asymptomatic Bacteriuria amongst Menopausal women in Calabar, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Paul Columba Inyang-Etoh ◽  
Abasiodiong Udom Akpan ◽  
Victor Udo Usanga ◽  
Gabriel Chuks Ejezie
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
High Level

Background: Bacteriuria is considered a common bacterial infection in women particularly in postmenopausal women which consequently may warrant the need to treat the disease for prevention of bacteriuria developing complications.Aims and Objectives: This work was to investigate the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among menopausal women in Calabar, the incriminating bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: Early morning mid stream urine samples from randomly selected 200 women (comprising of 50 premenopausal, 50 menopausal, 50 postmenopausal women and 50 apparently healthy young ladies of menstruating age (control subjects)) between the ages of 50 to 90 years were cultured by Leigh and Williams’s method. Questionnaires were also administered.Results: 24 (16%) of the test group while 3 (6%) of the control group had infection (p=0.008). Subjects aged 35-40 years had the highest prevalence of infection 6 (18.5%), while age group 66-70yrs had the lowest infection rate 0(0%)( P = 0.841). Post-menopausal women had the highest prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria 10(20%) while pre-menopausal and menopausal women had a lower prevalence rate of 7 (14%) each (p=0.0687). The most frequently isolated organism was Staphylococcus aureus (33%) and Ciprofloxacin was the most sensitive antibiotic observed.Conclusion: This work has revealed a high prevalence rate of asymptomatic bacteriuria high level of asymptomatic bacteriuria among menopausal women and the need for routine screening of this category of women for a standard healthy living.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(4) 2018 51-56

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