female hormone
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polymnia Georgiou ◽  
Ta-Chung M Mou ◽  
Liam E Potter ◽  
Xiaoxian An ◽  
Panos Zanos ◽  
...  

In susceptible populations, stress is a major risk factor for the development of mental disorders, including depression. Estradiol, often considered a female hormone, is distributed in the male brain via aromatization of testosterone. The role of estrogen receptors (ERs) in male stress susceptibility and depression is not well understood. We found that absence of ERβ is associated with susceptibility to stress in male mice and that activity of ERβ-projecting neurons from the basolateral amygdala to nucleus accumbens is reduced in hypogonadal mice subjected to stress, while activation of this circuit reverses stress-induced maladaptive behaviors. We identified that absence of estradiol, but not testosterone per se, underlies stress susceptibility and that brain-selective delivery of estradiol prevents the development of depression-related behaviors. Our findings provide evidence for an estrogen-based mechanism underlying stress susceptibility and offer an unexpected therapeutic strategy for treating depression in males.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Yap ◽  
Jessica Luki ◽  
Christopher C. Hanstock ◽  
Peter Seres ◽  
Tami Shandro ◽  
...  

Objective: There is an increased risk of experiencing depression during perimenopause (PM), a period of rapidly changing female hormone concentrations. Women at particular risk of developing major depression (MD) during PM are those with history of mood sensitivity to female hormone fluctuations i.e., women with a history of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and/or post-partum depression (PPD). Depressive symptomology has been associated with fluctuations of glutamate (Glu) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) in MD patients as well as PMDD and PPD patients. The objective of the study was to compare MPFC Glu levels in healthy perimenopausal and reproductive-aged (RD) women.Methods: Medial prefrontal cortex Glu levels in healthy perimenopausal (n = 15) and healthy RD women (n = 16) were compared via Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) scan using a 3 Tesla (T) magnet. Absence of depressive symptomology and psychiatric comorbidity was confirmed via semi-structured interview. Participants were scanned during the early follicular phase (FP) of the menstrual cycle (MC).Results: Mean MPFC Glu concentrations were decreased in the PM group compared to RD group (PM mean = 0.57 ± 0.03, RD mean = 0.63 ± 0.06, t = −3.84, df = 23.97, p = 0.001).Conclusion: Perimenopause is associated with decreases in MPFC Glu levels. This decrease may be contributing to the increased risk of experiencing depression during PM. Further research should assess MPFC Glu levels in perimenopausal women suffering from MD.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweety Nath Barbhuiya ◽  
Dharmeswar Barhoi ◽  
Sarbani Giri

Arsenic is ubiquitously present in the earth’s crust. Population across the world gets exposed to arsenic mainly through drinking water, responsible for causing diseases like hypertension, skin pigmentation, skin lesion, cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer. However, arsenic also disturbs the male and female hormone balance in the body, thus, interfering with the process of spermatogenesis and oogenesis. This eventually leads to infertility in the reproductive system irrespective of gender. Cohort studies have revealed that when pregnant women get exposed to arsenic-contaminated water; it leads to abortion, preterm birth, and stillbirth. Thus, arsenic contamination from any source has a devastating effect on the life of organisms and also on the environment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madiha Haider ◽  
Dhwani Dholakia ◽  
Aleksha Panwar ◽  
Parth Garg ◽  
Atish Gheware ◽  
...  

AbstractBioactive fractions obtained from medicinal plants which have been used for the treatment of multiple diseases could exert their effects by targeting common pathways. Prior knowledge of their usage could allow us to identify novel molecular links. In this study, we explored the molecular basis of action of one such herbal formulation Cissampelos pareira L. (Cipa), used for the treatment of female hormone disorders and fever. Transcriptomic studies on MCF7 cell lines treated with Cipa extract carried out using Affymetrix arrays revealed a downregulation of signatures of estrogen response potentially modulated through estrogen receptor α (ERα). Molecular docking analysis identified 38 Cipa constituents that potentially bind (ΔG <  − 7.5) with ERα at the same site as estrogen. The expression signatures in the connectivity map (https://clue.io/;) revealed high positive scores with translation inhibitors such as emetine (score: 99.61) and knockdown signatures of genes linked to the antiviral response such as ribosomal protein RPL7 (score: 99.92), which is a reported ERα coactivator. Further, gene knockdown experiments revealed that Cipa exhibits antiviral activity in dengue infected MCF7 cells potentially modulated through estrogen receptor 1. This approach reveals a novel pathway involving the ESR1-RPL7 axis which could be a potential target in dengue viral infection.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Fujitani ◽  
Yukiko Fujii ◽  
Zhaoqing Lyu ◽  
Mariko Harada Sassa ◽  
Kouji H. Harada

AbstractIsoflavones found in soy products are a promising class of nutrients that may have a positive effect on human health. In particular, the phytoestrogen metabolite equol is associated with a reduced risk of developing female hormone-related diseases. However, the effect of equol on estrogen remains unclear. Equol can modify blood and urinary estradiol (E2) levels. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the associations between urinary estrogen levels, equol levels, and equol production status in Japanese women. We analyzed urine samples from 520 women by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Urinary E2 and 4-hydroxylated E2 levels were higher in equol producers (EQP) than in non-EQPs (P < 0.0001 and P=0.00112, respectively). After adjusting for age and tobacco use by analysis of covariance, the association remained significant (β = 0.299, P < 0.0001). Analysis of covariance demonstrated that equol levels in urine were also positively associated with urinary E2 (β = 0.597, P < 0.0001). The log equol concentration showed a significant, but moderate, negative association with the serum E2 concentration (β = − 0.0225, P = 0.0462). Our findings suggest that equol may promote urinary E2 excretion and modify blood E2 levels in women.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Keay ◽  
Martin Lanfear ◽  
Gavin Francis

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of monitoring professional female dancer health with a variety of subjective and objective monitoring methods, including application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to modelling menstrual cycle hormones and delivering swift personalised clinical advice.MethodsFemale dancers from a ballet company completed a published online dance-specific health questionnaire. Over the study period, dancers recorded wellbeing and training metrics, with menstrual cycle tracking and blood tests. For menstrual cycle hormones AI-based techniques modelled hormone variation over a cycle, based on capillary blood samples taken at two time points. At regular, virtual, clinical interviews with each dancer, findings were discussed, and personalised advice given.Results14 female dancers (mean age 25.5 years, SD 3.7) participated in the study. 10 dancers recorded positive scores on the dance health questionnaire, suggesting a low risk of relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). 2 dancers were taking hormonal contraception. Apart from 1 dancer, those not on hormonal contraception reported current eumenorrhoeic status. The initiative of monitoring menstrual cycles and application of AI to model menstrual cycle hormones found that subclinical hormone disruption was occurring in 6 of the 10 dancers reporting regular cycles. 4 of the 6 dancers who received personalised advice, showed improved menstrual hormone function, including one dancer who had planned pregnancy.ConclusionsMultimodal monitoring facilitated delivery of prompt personalised clinical medical feedback specific for dance. This strategy enabled the early identification and swift management of emergent clinical issues. These innovations received positive feedback from the dancers.Summary boxesWhat are the new findings?Monitoring female dancers with a variety of interactive methods – dance specific questionnaire, online tracking and blood testing – together with individual clinical discussion, facilitates comprehensive, personalised support for dancer health.The clinical application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to endocrine function provides the finer detail of female hormone network function.This novel approach to monitoring dynamic hormone function enabled the detection of subtle female hormone dysfunction as a result of changes in training and nutrition patterns, which occurred before change in menstruation pattern from menstrual tracking.This multifaceted clinical approach was also effective and helpful in supporting dancers restore full hormone network function through personalised training and nutritional strategies.How might this study impact on clinical practice in the future?Personalised, dance specific health advice based on subjective and objective measures can support sustainable individual dancer health.Clinical application of artificial intelligence (AI) to menstrual cycle hormones can provide a dynamic and complete picture of hormone network function, without the need to do daily blood tests to measure all four key menstrual cycle hormones.This AI approach to modelling hormones enables early detection of subtle, subclinical endocrine dysfunction due to low energy availability in female exercisers. This clinical tool can also facilitate the close clinical monitoring of the restoration of full hormone network function in recovery from low energy availability.Using AI to model female hormones can be an important clinical tool for female athletes, including those athletes where it is difficult to distinguish between perimenopause symptoms and those associated with low energy availability.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Mary V. Seeman ◽  
Alexandre González-Rodríguez

Background: Sex and gender differences have been reported in the prevalence, expression, treatment response, and outcome of schizophrenia, but most reports are based on relatively small samples that have not been stratified for the impact of sex hormone levels. This literature review aims to show how women’s hormone levels can impact the results of male/female comparisons. Methods: This is a narrative review of data from publications of the last decade. Results: Epidemiologic evidence, reports of the impact of hormones on cognition, results of sexually dimorphic responses to treatment, and male/female trajectories of illness over time all suggest that female hormone fluctuations exert major effects on male/female differences in schizophrenia. Conclusions: Information on hormonal status in women participants is rarely available in clinical studies in schizophrenia, which makes male/female comparisons largely uninterpretable. These are the current challenges. Opportunities for individualized treatment are growing, however, and will undoubtedly result in improved outcomes for both women and men in the future.


Author(s):  
Dipty Tandi ◽  

TNBC; Triple negative breast cancer is one of the most aggressive type of breast cancer with a high reoccurrence and mortality rate. The reason behind its aggressive type is that TNBC do not have such specific receptors as other cancers. Substantially, Breast tumor cells carries receptors that work as doors for many mechanisms and hormone/enzyme based treatment. These receptors are estrogen (female hormone), Progesterone (female hormone) and HER-2 (Protein; Human epidermal receptor). Absence of these enzymes is result into the less option availability in cancer treatment. To find more possible treatments like chemotherapy, lumpectomy, radiation therapy and other gene therapy we first need to understand the concept behind occurrence and reoccurrence of TNBC. This review listed the possible study of triple negative breast cancer including its appearance in society and the molecular/genetic involvement. It is formerly known that cancer take place due to mutation in BRCA group of genes so it is important to know how it works in the case of TNBC. This study also summarizes the influence of anti-diabetic drug treatment (e.g. metformin) on diabetic cancer patients in order to cancer therapy of TNBC and effect of high glucose concentric cells on anti- cancer drug treatments and strategies for development in TNBC development. Keywords: TNBC; female hormone, breast cancer, BRCA group.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Pattnaik ◽  
Dipankar Das ◽  
Varun Akur Venkatesan

Fertility testing using urinary hormones has been used to improve the likelihood of pregnancy effectively. To provide fertility scores, the existing home-use systems measure one or two hormones. However, the hormone profiles vary depending on cycle duration, fertility-related disorders, drugs and other treatments. Here we introduce Inito, a mobile-phone connected reader that is scalable to multiple hormone tests. In this report, we assess the accuracy of the quantitative home-based fertility monitor, Inito Fertility Monitor (IFM), and suggest using IFM as a device to monitor and analyse female hormone patterns. We further show that Inito can be used as a tool to decipher novel hormone patterns in a more profound way than the existing knowledge in the field. There were two aspects to our analysis: i. Evaluation of Inito Fertility Monitor efficiency characteristics for urinary Estrone-3-glucuronide (E3G), Pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) assessment, and ii. A retrospective study of patients' hormone profiles using IFM. For the performance assessment, the recovery percentage of the three hormones from IFM was evaluated using standard spiked solutions, the reproducibility of re-prediction and the correlation between re-predicted values from IFM and ELISA. The first urine sample of the day was collected from 100 women who volunteered for the study and IFM was provided to 52 more women to use it at home to track their fertile days. We observed that with all three hormones, IFM had an accurate recovery percentage and had a CV of less than 10 percent for separate test strips through tests of the same dosage making it a reliable tool to monitor hormone patterns of patients. Furthermore, in predicting the concentration of E3G, PdG and LH in urine samples, we show that IFM has a high correlation with ELISA. We show that certain hormone trends associated with urinary E3G, PdG and LH could be accurately captured using IFM. In addition, we report a novel criterion for earlier confirmation of ovulation compared to existing criteria. Finally, we present a novel hormone pattern associated with most of the menstrual cycles by examining hormone profiles from the volunteers recruited for the clinical trial. The Inito Fertility Monitor is an effective tool for calculating the urinary concentrations of E3G, PdG and LH and can also be used to provide accurate fertility scores and confirm ovulation. In addition, the sensitivity of IFM facilitates the monitoring of menstrual cycle-related hormone patterns, therefore also making it a great tool for physicians to track the hormones of their patients.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-631
Author(s):  
Karishma Rajbhandari Pandey ◽  
Rita Khadka ◽  
Kopila Agrawal ◽  
Bishnu Hari Paudel ◽  
Dipesh Raj Panday

Background: Female hormones fluctuate with the phases of menstrual cycle. Estrogen, which has attributes in cardio-protection, is secreted less during luteal phase. In post-ovulatory phase, days 1-2 before menstruation has minimal female hormone influence due to less secretion. Mental stress subjected at this phase might enhance sympathetic activation which in long run may precipitate cardiovascular diseases. Hence, to explore the autonomic activity to mental stress during this phase of menstrual cycle the study was undertaken.Methods: Thirty apparently healthy young postovulatory female medical students of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal of age 19.93 (± 0.91) years with BMI of 20.70 kg/m2 (± 2.49) kg/m2 were recruited for the present study. Their short term heart rate variability (HRV) of 5 min was recorded during rest at sitting position. Then each subject was given a mental stress (nine questions selected from MENSA workout questionnaire) for 5 min. During the stress, HRV was recorded simultaneously. Data was statistically analyzed using Friedman test followed by multiple comparisons. The p<0.005 was considered statistically significant.Results: Mental stress significantly decreased RMSSD (p= 0.001), NN50 (p= 0.001) and PNN50 (p=0.001) in time domain and HF nu (p=0.012) in frequency domain parameters of HRV.Conclusions: Young healthy post ovulatory females responded to acute mental stress by withdrawing cardiac parasympathetic activity.Keywords: Female; HRV; mental stress


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