Stress, Inflammation and Cancer Prognosis: New Evidence-Based Effective Treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
Y. Gidron ◽  
L. Caton ◽  
M. Reich
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Oncology Education ◽  
New Evidence

This article introduces the general model of stress, coping and adaptation applied to cancer, and biological mechanisms mediating psychological factors and cancer prognosis. The role of the vagus nerve as a possible bridge and therapeutic target in psycho-oncology is reviewed. Finally, the effects of brief psychological interventions (e.g., stress management) on cancer prognosis are presented. Psycho-oncology education and practice need to shift to a more evidence-based proactive approach, to help cancer patients adapt and possibly improve their quality and quantity of life.

scholarly journals Role of Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Tuberculosis: An Evidence-based Update

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-204
Author(s):  
MNA Siddiqui ◽  
Shahnaj Sultana ◽  
ARM Saifuddin Ekram
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Tubercular Meningitis ◽  
Pleural Thickening ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Corticosteroids are often used as an adjunct in the treatment of various forms of tuberculosis (TB) and for the prevention of complications, such as constrictive pericarditis, hydrocephalus, focal neurological deficits, pleural adhesions, and intestinal strictures. Notwithstanding, they have been proven in clinical trials to improve the following outcomes only death or disability in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative patients with tubercular meningitis and tubercular pericarditis. Despite a lack of specific evidence for efficacy in HIV co-infected patients with tubercular meningitis or pericarditis, corticosteroids are generally recommended in them as well. Corticosteroids significantly decrease the risk of pleural thickening in patients with tubercular pleural effusion; the clinical significance of this finding, however, is unclear. Recently, it has been demonstrated that use of corticosteroids improves the morbidity in HIV co-infected patients with paradoxical TB immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). However, evidence favouring the use of corticosteroids in other clinical situations is sparse or lacking. Likewise, the biological mechanisms underlying their beneficial effect in TB meningitis and pericarditis remain poorly understood.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v2i2.13265KYAMC Journal Vol.2(2) January 2012, 198-204

scholarly journals Genetic influences on creativity: an exploration of convergent and divergent thinking

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Han ◽  
Mi Zhang ◽  
Xue Feng ◽  
Guihua Gong ◽  
Kaiping Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Convergent Thinking ◽  
Chinese University ◽  
Remote Associates Test ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Component Scores

Previous studies on the genetic basis of creativity have mainly focused on the biological mechanisms of divergent thinking, possibly limiting the exploration of possible candidate genes. Taking a cognition-based perspective, the present study investigated the genetic basis for both the divergent and the convergent thinking components of creativity. A total of 321 Chinese university students were recruited to complete the Guildford Unusual Using Test (UUT) for divergent thinking capability and the Remote Associates Test (RAT) for convergent thinking capability. The polymorphism of rs2576037 in KATNAL2 was related to the fluency and originality component scores of UUT, and the polymorphism of rs5993883 in COMT, rs362584 in SNAP25 was related to the RAT performance. These effects remained significant after considering the influence of age, gender and intelligence. Our results provide new evidence for the genetic basis of creativity and reveal the important role of gene polymorphisms in divergent and convergent thinking.

Self-Regulatory Aspects of Bullshitting and Bullshit Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-253
Author(s):  
John V. Petrocelli ◽  
Haley F. Watson ◽  
Edward R. Hirt
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based ◽  
Regulatory Aspects

Abstract. Two experiments investigate the role of self-regulatory resources in bullshitting behavior (i.e., communicating with little to no regard for evidence, established knowledge, or truth; Frankfurt, 1986 ; Petrocelli, 2018a ), and receptivity and sensitivity to bullshit. It is hypothesized that evidence-based communication and bullshit detection require motivation and considerably greater self-regulatory resources relative to bullshitting and insensitivity to bullshit. In Experiment 1 ( N = 210) and Experiment 2 ( N = 214), participants refrained from bullshitting only when they possessed adequate self-regulatory resources and expected to be held accountable for their communicative contributions. Results of both experiments also suggest that people are more receptive to bullshit, and less sensitive to detecting bullshit, under conditions in which they possess relatively few self-regulatory resources.

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