scholarly journals Comparison of Moving-Bed Catalytic Tar Hydrocracking Processes

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kapustin ◽  
Elena Chernysheva ◽  
Roman Khakimov
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Hydrocarbon Potential ◽  
Vacuum Residue ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Major Process ◽  
Liquid Products

In recent years, there has been a trend in the global oil industry to improve the proportion of heavy high-sulfur crude oils in the total volume of extracted and processed resources, reserves of which are estimated at over 800 billion metric tons. Therefore, the main line of oil refining is processing of heavy crudes and residua to allow maximum use of the hydrocarbon potential and yield of high-margin products. Hydrogenation processes of heavy raw materials are most attractive in terms of product quality. This article analyzes tar hydrocracking processes that are either in operation or at the stage of full-scale testing. These include Veba Combi-Cracker (VCC), Uniflex, suspended-bed catalyst hydrocracking (ENI), and vacuum residue hydroconversion (TIPS RAS). These technologies use heterogeneous catalysts and are designed to obtain the largest possible amount of liquid products. This article discusses the features of each technology, highlights their advantages and disadvantages, shows the main approaches to process management, and speculates about the development of these technologies. Tar refining is a major process in heavy oil upgrading, and the development of efficient tar-processing methods will influence refinery configurations and management.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERVENTIONS IN THE FIELD OF EXTRACTION AND PROCESSING OF HYDROCARBON RAW MATERIALS IN NOVOSIBIRSK REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
Irina Provornaya
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
Regional Product

Based on the multivariate spatial model, the paper shows the relationship between the factors of the oil industry (oil production, oil refining, consumption of basic petroleum products) and the main economic indicator (gross regional product) of the Novosibirsk region. It is revealed that with the increase in the capacity of the MIC-oil and subject to further exploration of oil fields with the use of new technologies, revenues to the regional budget from oil companies in the region can be about 5 %. The measures aimed at increasing the level of social responsibility and improving the quality of the environment at the enterprises of the oil industry of the Novosibirsk region are defined.

Tax maneuver in the oil industry: Provisional results and risks for further implementation

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-43
Author(s):  
A. S. Kaukin ◽  
E. М. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Reform Plan ◽  
Alternative Variant ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Cost

The paper analyzes the consequences of the abolition of the export duty on oil and oil products as a necessary step to stimulate energy efficiency of Russia’s economy and eliminate underdevelopment provoked by a long-term subsidizing of inefficient oil refining sector in Russia. The calculation results have shown that even taking into account several deviations from the planned scenarios of changing the parameters of tax regulation of the oil industry in 2014— 2019, the tax maneuver brought over 3.5 trillion rubles (in 2019 — 148 billion rubles) to the state budget in 2014—2017, mainly due to an increase in the base mineral extraction tax rate, and contributed to an increase in the depth of oil refining from 72% to 85%. In addition, the article analyzes possible risks associated with the current plan for reforming the taxation of the industry until 2024 and proposes an alternative that could level some of them. A comparative analysis of the effects of the tax maneuver under the current reform plan and the alternative variant suggests that the latter will allow to achieve a greater total budgetary effect in four years, reduce the cost of subsidizing domestic oil refining, increase the efficiency of Russian vertically integrated oil companies, and reduce the growth rate of oil products prices in the retail market.

PEMETAAN TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI KELAPA SAWIT NASIONAL DAN KEBIJAKAN PENGEMBANGANNYA

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subiyanto Subiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Missing Value ◽  
Technology Capability ◽  
The Government

Palm oil industry in Indonesia has been growing rapidly. But, unfortunately the growth is only effective on upstream industry with low value products, such that potential downstream value added are not explored proportionally. The government is therefore in the process of developing an appropriate policy to strengthen the national palm oil downstream industry. This paper proposes that an approriate policy for developing palm oil downstream industry could be derived from the maps of value chain and existing technology capability of the industry. The result recommends that government policy should emphasize on the supply of raw materials, infrastructure and utilities, as well as developing the missing value chain industry, especially ethoxylation and sulfonation.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Ecological Changes, Social Behaviour and Human Intergroup Tolerance 300,000 to 30,000 BP

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Spikins ◽  
Jennifer C. French ◽  
Seren John-Wood ◽  
Calvin Dytham
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Behaviours

AbstractArchaeological evidence suggests that important shifts were taking place in the character of human social behaviours 300,000 to 30,000 years ago. New artefact types appear and are disseminated with greater frequency. Transfers of both raw materials and finished artefacts take place over increasing distances, implying larger scales of regional mobility and more frequent and friendlier interactions between different communities. Whilst these changes occur during a period of increasing environmental variability, the relationship between ecological changes and transformations in social behaviours is elusive. Here, we explore a possible theoretical approach and methodology for understanding how ecological contexts can influence selection pressures acting on intergroup social behaviours. We focus on the relative advantages and disadvantages of intergroup tolerance in different ecological contexts using agent-based modelling (ABM). We assess the relative costs and benefits of different ‘tolerance’ levels in between-group interactions on survival and resource exploitation in different environments. The results enable us to infer a potential relationship between ecological changes and proposed changes in between-group behavioural dynamics. We conclude that increasingly harsh environments may have driven changes in hormonal and emotional responses in humans leading to increasing intergroup tolerance, i.e. transformations in social behaviour associated with ‘self-domestication’. We argue that changes in intergroup tolerance is a more parsimonious explanation for the emergence of what has been seen as ‘modern human behaviour’ than changes in hard aspects of cognition or other factors such as cognitive adaptability or population size.

scholarly journals A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Approach Using Hybrid SCOR Metrics, AHP, and TOPSIS for Supplier Evaluation and Selection in the Gas and Oil Industry

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Nan Wang ◽  
Ying-Fang Huang ◽  
I-Fang Cheng ◽  
Van Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supplier Selection ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Supplier Evaluation ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Ahp Model ◽  
Decision Making Unit ◽  
Stability And Accuracy

Suppliers are extremely important in business operations. The supplier ensures the supply of materials, raw materials, commodities, etc. in sufficient quantity, quality, stability, and accuracy to meet the requirements of production and business with low costs and on-time deliveries. Therefore, selecting and managing good suppliers is a prerequisite for organizing the production of quality products as desired, according to the schedule, and with reasonable prices and competitiveness in the market. It is also important to gain the support of suppliers in order to continue to improve and achieve more as a business. The evaluation and selection of a supplier is a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) issue, in which the decision-maker is faced with both qualitative and quantitative factors. In this research, the authors propose an MCDM model using a hybrid of Supply Chain Operations Reference metrics (SCOR metrics), the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model, and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach for supplier evaluation and selection in the gas and oil industry. Using literature reviews on SCOR metrics, all criteria that impact supplier selection are defined in the first stage, the AHP model is applied to determine the weight of each factor in the second stage, and the optimal supplier is presented in final stage using the TOPSIS model. As a result, Decision-Making Unit 5 (DMU-05) is found to be the best supplier for the gas and oil industry in this research. The contribution of this work is to propose a new hybrid MCDM model for supplier selection in the gas and oil industry. This research also introduces a useful tool for supplier selection in other industries.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF JET MIXERS FORPREPARATION OF RAW MATERIALS FOR PRIMARY PROCESSING PLANTS OIL REFINING

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (68) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
A. Gumerov ◽  
G. Sidorov ◽  
R. Musaeva
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Ansys Cfx ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Propeller Blades

In the oil and gas industry, bottom sediments are deposited in reservoirs, which reduce the efficiency of oil refining. The optimal yield of light oil products during primary oil refining was considered. To achieve high energy efficiency, it is necessary to compound the oil in the tank using agitators. The available propeller agitators are considered, and their shortcomings are revealed. The disadvantages include: high repair costs, the presence of an electric motor that increases the fire hazard of production, the occurrence of axial loads as a result of rotation and clogging of impurities in the propeller blades. A jet mixer can compensate for the disadvantages of propeller agitators. The simulation was performed using the ANSYS CFX software package. Models have been developed for: cyclic mixing; mixing with a propeller agitator; mixing with a jet agitator. A strength calculation was performed with the ANSYS-Static Structural module with imported data from ANSYS CFX for the propeller and jet agitator. It is revealed that the jet mixer, with its simple design and operation in comparison with other compounding methods, allows to achieve better mixing and lower loads on the tank.

scholarly journals Impact of Operational Research on Performance Control of a Project in the Oil and Gas Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-326
Author(s):  
Ionut Nica
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Current Configuration ◽  
Extraction Refining

The explosive development of the human society in contrast to the limited character of resources determines the need for successful implementation of mathematic models in the decision-making process concerning the use of available resources. The oil industry includes a series of global processes such as mining, extraction, refining, transport (road, rail, ship and pipeline) and oil products. The products of this industry with the highest degree of utilization are gasoline and diesel but the portfolio is much broader, kerosene, bitumen, fuel and raw materials for other chemicals such as solvents, pesticides, fertilizers and materials plastic. The oil industry comprises three major areas: "upstream" extraction; refining - "midstream" and transportation and marketing of downstream products. In most cases refining is considered to be part of downstream, Oil and petroleum products are essential for many industries and their importance is vital in maintaining and developing the industrial area in the current configuration.

scholarly journals Foreign Experience of State Management of Raw Materials Industries and the Possibility of its Implementation in the Russian Federation in the Post-Covid Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Dmitry Rodnyansky ◽  
Ivan Makarov ◽  
Evgeniya Korotayeva ◽  
Vadim Kovrigin ◽  
Vladislav Nazarenko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
State Management ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

In modern conditions, issues related to the effectiveness of the regulation of the oil industry by the state are becoming increasingly important. In January 2018, the World Economic Forum was held in Davos, which, in particular, noted the impact of the growth of protectionist trends in the global trade in hydrocarbons, and the impact of climate change on the planet on the export of hydrocarbons. As a result of the forum, the key ways of adjusting the policy of states in the relevant area were identified. At the same time, a significant number of states are already seeing the process of changing state regulation of the industry. In this article, the authors analyzed the systems of state regulation of the oil industry in different countries, and also gave assessments of the possibility of integrating new mechanisms into the system of sectoral management in Russia in the conditions of post-covid reality

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the accounting display of transactions with the give-and-take raw materials at restaurant institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
A. Tsiutsiak ◽  
I. Tsiutsiak
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Activity Type ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Process Representation ◽  
Reliable Representation ◽  
Definition Of

The essence of the definition of «give-and-take raw materials» is investigated and the own vision of this category used by restaurant enterprises is formed. The scheme of conducting transactions with raw materials obtained on the give-and-take conditions at restaurants institutions is given. The peculiarities of the accounting process representation caused by the procurement of raw materials, production of semi-finished products and home-produced dishes are revealed, as well as the order of the realization accounting of such commodity stocks using production-trade and production methods is highlighted. The advantages and disadvantages of the representation in the system of bookkeeping accounts of the economic resources cycle in different ways of the production and trade activity organization of restaurant institutions are given. The emphasis is placed on the fact that in catering establishments the give-and-take raw materials, semi-finished products and home-produced dishes, produced as a result of give-and-take raw materials processings, are not the property of the catering establishment. Therefore, in order to maintain the proper accounting for transactions with the give-and-take raw materials, information about changes in the value of the investigated assets should be represented in the system of bookkeeping off-balance sheet accounts. The order of the display on the bookkeeping accounts of the transactions with the give-and-take raw materials obtained on the give-and-take conditions is highlighted. The peculiarities of calculation of dishes produced on the conditions of the give-and-take transactions are described. It is established that the formation of the value of produced semi-finished products or dishes is carried out for each order received separately, i.e. using the out-of-order cost accounting method. The peculiarities of calculation of home-produced dishes at restaurants institutions are outlined. For reliable representation of information on the availability and movement of the give-and-take raw materials, it is proposed for the enterprises of the investigated economic activity type to open the additional analytical accounts. Recommendations for improving the representation order in the accounting system, of restaurant institutions, give-and-take transactions, using offered analytical accounts, are formed.

scholarly journals Is there a Need for Agent-based Modelling and Simulation in Business Process Management?

Organizacija ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Halaška ◽  
Roman Šperka
Keyword(s):  
Business Process ◽  
Business Process Management ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Modelling And Simulation ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Agent Based Modelling ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackground and Purpose: Agent-based modelling and simulation (ABS) is growing in many areas like, e.g., management, social and computer sciences. However, the similar trend does not seem to occur within the field of business process management (BPM), even though simulation approaches like discrete event simulation or system dynamics are well established and widely used. Thus, in our paper we investigate the advantages and disadvantages of agent-based modelling and simulation in the field of BPM in simulation experiments.Design/Methodology/Approach: In our research, we investigate if there is a necessity for ABS in the field of BPM with our own simulation experiments to compare traditional and ABS models. For this purpose, we use simulation framework MAREA, which is a simulation environment with integrated ERP system. Our model is a complex system of a trading company selling computer cables. For the verification of our model, we use automated process discovery techniques.Results: In our simulations, we investigated the impact of changes in resources’ behavior on the outcome of company’s order to cash process (O2C). Simulations experiments demonstrated that even small changes might have statistically significant effect on outcomes of the processes and decisions based on such outcomes. Simulation experiments also demonstrated that the impact of randomly distributed fluctuations of well-being have a diminishing tendency with the increasing number of sales representatives involved in the process.Conclusions: Our research revealed several advantages and disadvantages of using ABS in business process modelling. However, as we show, many of them were at least partially addressed in the recent years. Thus, we believe that ABS will get more attention in the field of BPM similarly to other fields like, e.g., social sciences. We suggested areas in BPM simulations, e.g., modelling of resources, be it human or technological resources, where there is a need for ABS.

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