Mega-Plantations in Southeast Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles Kenney-Lazar ◽  
Noboru Ishikawa

This article reviews a wide body of literature on the emergence and expansion of agro-industrial, monoculture plantations across Southeast Asia through the lens of megaprojects. Following the characterization of megaprojects as displacement, we define mega-plantations as plantation development that rapidly and radically transforms landscapes in ways that displace and replace preexisting human and nonhuman communities. Mega-plantations require the application of large amounts of capital and political power and the transnational organization of labor, capital, and material. They emerged in Southeast Asia under European colonialism in the nineteenth century and have expanded again since the 1980s at an unprecedented scale and scope to feed global appetites for agro-industrial commodities such as palm oil and rubber. While they have been contested by customary land users, smallholders, civil society organizations, and even government regulators, their displacement and transformation of Southeast Asia’s rural landscapes will likely endure for quite some time.

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Machado de Freitas ◽  
Ana Maria Testa Tambellini ◽  
Gabriel Eduardo Schultz ◽  
Valéria Andrade Bertolini ◽  
Francisco Franco Netto

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-60
Author(s):  
Anggalih Bayu Muh. Kamim ◽  
Muhammad Irsyad Abrar

The Indonesia Government has taken various measures to counter the European Union's policies which are considered will harmful the efforts to increase palm oil exports. However, the efforts of the Indonesian government to maintain the image of the palm oil commodity considered a hiding act from animal and human conflicts. One of which arises from the expansion of oil palm plantations. This study would explore the outbreak of animal and human conflicts affected by the expansion of oil palm plantations due to the ambition of increasing palm oil export. This research was a desk study conducted by tracing various journal articles, reports of oil palm plantation guard organizations, reports of civil society organizations related to deforestation of oil palm expansion and various reports of civil society organizations about cases between animal and human conflict. The results of the study showed that there had been a misunderstanding in understanding the European Union's decision, which would not impact on the decline in palm oil exports. Sustainable palm oil governance is not well implemented by oil palm companies and the Indonesian Government so that marginalizing animal life. The intensity of animal-human conflict continues to occur in various areas of oil palm concessions that lead to the threat wild animal life. Keywords: Palm Oil Exports, Animal-Human Conflict, Animal Welfare Abstrak Pemerintah Indonesia melakukan berbagai cara untuk mengkonter kebijakan Uni Eropa yang dianggap akan merugikan upaya peningkatan ekspor kelapa sawit. Akan tetapi, upaya pemerintah Indonesia menjaga citra komoditas minyak kelapa sawit seolah menutupi permasalahan konflik satwa dan manusia yang salah satunya muncul akibat ekspansi perkebunan sawit. Kajian ini akan mendalami merebaknya konflik satwa dan manusia yang terdampak ekspansi perkebunan sawit akibat ambisi peningkatan ekspor crude palm oil. Penelitian ini adalah desk study yang dilakukan dengan melakukan penelusuran terhadap berbagai artikel jurnal, laporan organisasi pengawal perkebunan sawit, laporan organisasi masyarakat sipil yang terkait dengan deforestasi akibat ekspansi sawit, dan berbagai laporan organisasi masyarakat sipil mengenai kasus konflik antara satwa dan manusia. Hasil kajian menunjukan bahwa telah terjadi kesalahpahaman dalam memahami keputusan Uni Eropa yang sama sekali tidak akan berdampak pada berkurangnya ekspor minyak kelapa sawit. Tata kelola sawit berkelanjutan tidak dilaksanakan dengan baik oleh perusahaan sawit dan Pemerintah Indonesia, sehingga meminggirkan peri kehidupan hewan. Intensitas konflik satwa-manusia terus terjadi di berbagai wilayah konsesi sawit yang berujung pada keterancaman peri kehidupan binatang liar Kata Kunci: Ekspor Sawit, Konflik Satwa-Manusia, Kesejahteraan Hewan


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Stanati Netipatalachoochote ◽  
Prof.Dr. Ronald Holzhacker ◽  
Prof.Dr. Aurelia Colombi Ciacchi

Abstract Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) have played an increasingly vocal role in their struggle to advance both human rights protection and promotion in Southeast Asian countries. Most notably, CSOs have become a more important actor in dealing with human rights issues in particular by virtue of their role in drawing attention to human rights violations. In the case of massive human rights violations happening in Southeast Asia, CSOs pursue various strategies to address and try to end such abuses. Spreading information of human rights violations occurring in each member state to regional peers, and then finding new allies such as international organizations to put pressure back to human rights-violating states, in what is characterized as a dynamic of the boomerang model, one of the prominent strategies CSOs use to relieve human rights violations. Another strategy recently observed involves CSOs reaching out to powerful judicial institutions whose decisions can be legally binding on a violating state. Spreding This paper applies the boomerang model theory to the efforts of CSOs, specifically with respect to their work in helping to end the extrajudicial killing of drug dealers in the Philippines during President Duterte’s tenure, to display how the dynamics of the boomerang model works and what this strategy has achieved in terms of ending the extrajudicial killings. Beyond the boomerang model, this paper further demonstrates the strategy of CSOs in reaching out directly to powerful judicial institutions, in this case the International Criminal Court (ICC). The paper discusses why CSOs pursued this strategy of reaching out to the ICC, bypassing the region’s human rights institution—the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR). Keywords: Civil Society Organizations (CSOs); Extrajudicial Killing in the Philippines; The International Criminal Court (ICC). (A previous version of this paper was presented at the 14th Asian Law Institute (ASLI) Conference hosted by the University of Philippines, College of Law (UP) in 19 May 2017. We would like to thank the commentators and the audience for their questions and comments on the paper.)


2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Mohammad Syaban

This research describes the model of disaster governance in Southeast Asia through the Association of South East Asia Nations (ASEAN) framework as the regional organization. Through ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER) and supported by ASEAN Social Culture and Political Security Community approaches AADMER involves inter-sectors actors (ASEAN, Dialogue Partner Countries and Civil Society Organizations) as the specific effort in order to support regional disaster management cooperation. South East Asia as the vulnerable region has strategic and integrated regional policies as the effort to minimize disaster risk factors. This research is using descriptive-analytical approach as the tool of analysis and supported with secondary data for the methological approaches. The focus of this research  is to discovering a model of disaster governance in Southeast Asia region through collaboration from ASEAN, Dialogue Partner Countries (represented by ASEAN Regional Forum Cooperation and ASEAN Defense Minister Meeting Plus) and Civil Society Organization. ASEAN has been developed disaster governance by the utilization of AADMER as the policy foundation, maximize the involvement of non-state actor completed with extensive network through involved civil and military cooperation which demonstrate pluracentric rather than unicentric approach and governing without government process describe the model of disaster management cooperation in region. The model assists to explain pattern, characteristic and meaning of regional disaster governance in South East Asia that associated to neoliberlism institutionalism about institution existence and completed the explanation about international cooperation execution.


2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-336
Author(s):  
PIOTR DASZKIEWICZ ◽  
MICHEL JEGU

ABSTRACT: This paper discusses some correspondence between Robert Schomburgk (1804–1865) and Adolphe Brongniart (1801–1876). Four letters survive, containing information about the history of Schomburgk's collection of fishes and plants from British Guiana, and his herbarium specimens from Dominican Republic and southeast Asia. A study of these letters has enabled us to confirm that Schomburgk supplied the collection of fishes from Guiana now in the Laboratoire d'Ichtyologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. The letters of the German naturalist are an interesting source of information concerning the practice of sale and exchange of natural history collections in the nineteenth century in return for honours.


Author(s):  
Mona Ali Duaij ◽  
Ahlam Ahmed Issa

All the Iraqi state institutions and civil society organizations should develop a deliberate systematic policy to eliminate terrorism contracted with all parts of the economic, social, civil and political institutions and important question how to eliminate Daash to a terrorist organization hostile and if he country to eliminate the causes of crime and punish criminals and not to justify any type of crime of any kind, because if we stayed in the curriculum of justifying legitimate crime will deepen our continued terrorism, but give it legitimacy formula must also dry up the sources of terrorism media and private channels and newspapers that have abused the Holy Prophet Muhammad (p) and all kinds of any of their source (a sheei or a Sunni or Christians or Sabians) as well as from the religious aspect is not only the media but a meeting there must be cooperation of both parts of the state facilities and most importantly limiting arms possession only state you can not eliminate terrorism and violence, and we see people carrying arms without the name of the state and remains somewhat carefree is sincerity honesty and patriotism the most important motivation for the elimination of violence and terrorism and cooperation between parts of the Iraqi people and not be driven by a regional or global international schemes want to kill nations and kill our bodies of Sunnis, sheei , Christians, Sabean and Yazidi and others.


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