In Their Best Interests

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-85
Author(s):  
Sébastien Roux
Keyword(s):  
Hague Convention ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Adoptive Families ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Universal Principles ◽  
Site Field ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Hague Convention ◽  
Shed Light

The international circulation of children requires a multiplicity of interventions. Adoptive flows must respect the ethical standards defined by the Hague Convention (1993) and be realized in the context of a drastic contraction of the migration of children for adoptive purposes. For a dozen years, the French government has been following a partially contradictory double imperative: the moral respect of universal principles enacted by international treaties, and the political maintenance of France among the adoptive “great nations” that are able to favor its nationals. Based on a multi-site field study, this contribution aims to shed light on the architecture, discourse, and actions of these “adoptive public agents.” Drawing on interviews and observations conducted in France and abroad, this article describes how bureaucrats act in practice to create French adoptive families, at the blurred and troubled intersection between the promotion of universal children’s rights and the favoring of French national interests.

scholarly journals A very long engagement: The Children's Act 38 of 2005 and the 1993 Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Ed Couzens
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Intercountry Adoption ◽  
Current Regime ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Hague Convention

This article analyses the intercountry adoptions provisions contained in Chapter 16 of the Children’s Act 38 of 2005, against the standards of the Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Intercountry Adoptions, 1993. After a brief overview of the two leading South African cases on intercountry adoption, which stress the importance of having this institution statutorily regulated, the author proceeds to analyse the most significant clauses pertaining to intercountry adoptions contained in the Act, in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses in this new statutory framework. The author concludes that the Children’s Act is a dramatic improvement on the current regime of intercountry adoptions and that it has the potential to make this institution work in the best interests of children.

Between National Interests and Global Business: China’s Possible Reservations to the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-318
Author(s):  
Wei Cai ◽  
Jonathan Kolieb
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Global Business ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Chinese Law ◽  
Recognition And Enforcement ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Hague Convention

Abstract In September 2017, China signed the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements. There are no obstacles preventing China from ratifying the Convention. However, the possible reservations China may declare appear to be a key concern for the success of the Convention. This article identifies the key conflicts between the Convention and Chinese law and practice, and analyses the pros and cons of some possible reservations the Chinese authorities may consider when ratifying the Convention. China’s ratification of the Convention would have a positive impact on the global recognition and enforcement of foreign civil and commercial judgments. Although China may have some specific concerns (e.g. national security) in its recognition and enforcement of particular foreign judgments, it is desirable that China adopts a pragmatic approach and minimize the number and extent of its reservations to the Convention.

scholarly journals PARENTAL CHILD ABDUCTION CASES: PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE

Obiter ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans M Mahlobogwane
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Child ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Hague Convention ◽  
Better Than

The past few decades have witnessed an unprecedented growth of child abduction cases that has generated the need for legislative framework governing such cases. This happened, after a period of uncertainty on how the courts should deal with abduction cases, as a result our South African legislature incorporated the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction Act 72 of 1996. The Act came into operation on the 01 October 1997, making the Hague Conventionapplicable in South Africa. This paper will look into the issue of prevention of parental child abduction and whether such prevention will promote the child's best interests in such cases.

scholarly journals El traslado ilícito de menores en la Unión Europea: retorno vs violencia familiar o doméstica = International child abduction in the European Union: return of the child vs domestic or family violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
Isabel Reig Fabado
Keyword(s):  
Family Violence ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
International Child ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Violencia Domestica ◽  
The Hague Convention

Resumen: Cada vez resulta más habitual la concurrencia de violencia doméstica o familiar en los supuestos de sustracción internacional de menores, en los que la retención o el traslado ilícito del menor se utiliza como una vía de alejamiento. El sistema de retorno inmediato del menor del Convenio de la Haya de 1980 prevé esta circunstancia bajo la excepción de grave riesgo del artículo 13.1.b), en un marco regulador poliédrico, que se completa con el Reglamento 2201/2003, Bruselas II bis –para los traslados intracomunitarios– y con las medidas de protección previstas en el Convenio de la Haya de 1996 –entre los Estados parte– y el procedimiento del Capítulo IV bis de la LEC española. Los problemas en la aplicación práctica y la apreciación del interés superior del menor se revelan especialmente polémicos en estos supuestos, sobre todo por lo que respecta a las ejecutorias.Palabras clave: sustracción internacional de menores, violencia doméstica o familiar, retorno seguro, carácter ejecutorio, medidas de protección del menor, derecho de audiencia del menor.Abstract: The occurrence of domestic or family violence in cases of international child abduction is increasingly common, in which the detention or illegal transfer of the child is used as a means of alienation. The system of immediate return of the child of the Hague Convention of 1980 provides for this circumstance with the exception of grave risk of harm of article 13(1)(b), in a polyhedral regulatory framework, which is completed by Regulation 2201/2003, Brussels IIa –for intra-EU cases– and with the protection measures provided for in the Hague Convention of 1996 -between the States Parties- and the procedure of Chapter IV bis of the Spanish Civil Prosecution Law. Problems in the practical application and appreciation of the best interests of the child are particularly controversial in these cases.Keywords: international child abduction, domestic or family violence, safe return, enforceability, child protection measures, right of a child to be heard.

9. International Relocation and Child Abduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Gaffney-Rhys
Keyword(s):  
Hague Convention ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
International Relocation ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
International Child ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
Essay Question ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Hague Convention

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offers the best preparation for tackling exam and assignment questions. Each book includes key debates, typical questions, diagram answer plans, suggested answers, author commentary and tips to gain extra marks. This chapter focuses on international relocation and child abduction. The first question is an essay question that considers the law relating to international relocation, i.e. how the English courts have dealt with applications to relocate out of the jurisdiction (e.g. Payne v Payne). The second is a problem question that requires the application of the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects on International Child Abduction 1980 and the EU Regulations (BIIR), but also considers the law that applies if a child is taken to England and Wales from a country that has not ratified the Hague Convention. The final question is an essay question that considers whether the Hague Convention ensures that the child’s best interests are protected.

Protecting the Best Interests of the Child: International Child Abduction and the European Court of Human Rights

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Keller ◽  
Corina Heri
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
European Court ◽  
International Child ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
The Hague Convention

In its case law on international child abduction, the European Court of Human Rights (ecthr) seeks to interpret the European Convention on Human Rights (echr) in conformity with the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. Both instruments safeguard the best interests of abducted children, but in different ways. This article explores the progress made by the ecthr in harmonising the conflict between the Hague Convention and Article 8 echr. While the ecthr’s approach to the abducted child’s best interests in Neulinger and Shuruk v. Switzerland was met with strong criticism, the Court seems to have found a viable approach in X. v. Latvia. The ecthr’s current tactic allows it to continue its dialogue with national authorities and international bodies by imposing procedural requirements, thereby contributing to a harmonised approach appropriate to the best interests of abducted children without negatively impacting the functioning of the Hague Convention.

scholarly journals THE PRINCIPLE OF NEUTRALITY AT SEA AFTER UN CHARTER AND UNCLOS 1982

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
Enny Narwati
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Law ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Hague Convention

The purpose of this paper is to analyze an implementation of neutrality principles at sea in time of armed conflict. It because the law of neutrality at sea has not progressed and seem stagnant since 1907 on the Hague Convention. Indeed, the UN Charter and UNCLOS 1982 set up significant developments on international law. On the other hand, there still found a lack of rules available in particular area, therefore international community provide San Remo Manual 1994. The San Remo Manual created based on the Hague Convention of 1907, the UN Charter, UNCLOS 1982, other international treaties and customary international law. To conclude, that the law of neutrality at sea should respected the sovereignty of neutral countries

scholarly journals Excepciones legales al retorno del menor en los supuestos de sustracción internacional = Legal exceptions to the child’s return in international abduction situations

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Juan José Castelló Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Hague Convention ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Gran Canaria ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
International Child ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Hague Convention

Resumen: El Convenio de la Haya de 25 de octubre de 1980 sobre los Aspectos Civiles de la Sustracción Internacional de Menores prevé un sistema de excepciones legales a la restitución del menor con el objeto de respetar el principio del interés superior del menor. Estas excepciones a la restitución o retorno del menor al lugar de residencia anterior al traslado o retención ilícito a la mayor brevedad posible deben interpretarse de forma restrictiva y, por supuesto, acreditarse la concurrencia de los motivos de oposición a la restitución.La Sentencia de la Audiencia Provincial de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, sección 3ª, de 21 de junio de 2017 objeto de comentario aborda las excepciones legales al retorno del menor y la necesidad de acreditar los motivos alegados para acordarse la excepción. De lo contrario, como sucede en el presente litigio, procede el retorno del menor al lugar de residencia anterior al traslado ilícito.Palabras clave: Sustracción internacional de menores, traslado ilícito, restitución inmediata, Convenio de La Haya de 1980.Abstract: The Hague Convention of 25 October 1980 on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction provides for a system of legal exceptions to the return of the child in order to respect the principle of the best interests of the child. These exceptions to the return or return of the child to the place of residence prior to the illicit transfer as soon as possible must be interpreted restrictively and, of course, the concurrence of the grounds for opposition to the restitution must be proven.The Judgment of the Provincial Court of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, section 3, of June 21, 2017 object of comment deals with the legal exceptions to the return of the minor and the need to prove the alleged grounds for agreeing the exception. Otherwise, as in the present case, the minor returns to the place of residence prior to the illicit transfer.Keywords: International child abduction, legal kidnapping, prompt return, The Hague Convention 1980

Child Protection through Intercountry Adoption with Special Reference to the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption 1993

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Nadhilah A. Kadir ◽  
Azizah Mohd ◽  
Roslina Che Soh@ Yusoff ◽  
Najibah Mohd Zin
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Intercountry Adoption ◽  
Alternative Care ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Family Setting ◽  
The Hague Convention

Objective - This paper seeks to examine the practice of intercountry adoption as prescribed in the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in respect of Intercountry Adoption 1993 (the Hague Convention 1993) particularly relating to its requirements and procedures. This is in order to describe the minimum safeguards provided by The Hague Convention 1993 to ensure that such adoption takes place in the child's best interests. This paper also discusses the relationship between the Hague Convention 1993 and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 (CRC) relating to the position of intercountry adoption as one of the available means of child care. Methodology/Technique - This paper adopts qualitative research method. Analysis focuses on international policies provided by International Legal Frameworks that include The Hague Convention 1993 and the CRC. Findings - The Hague Convention 1993 recognizes intercountry adoption as one of the alternative care options that provides the advantage of a permanent family setting to a child whom, a suitable family is unavailable for him or her in the birth country. Accordingly, this paper suggests that family setting should be preferred over institutional setting in deciding a child's placement. Novelty - The paper deliberates on the position of intercountry adoption at the international level as one of the alternative care options. Type of Paper - Conceptual Keywords: Alternative Care; Child Protection; Hague Convention 1993; Intercountry Adoption; Permanent Family Care.

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