scholarly journals Evaluation of Priokskoe columnar apple variety from All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
S. A. Korneyeva ◽  
E. N. Sedov ◽  
T. V. Yanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Apple Variety ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The use of adaptive, scab-immune, stable-fruiting columnar apple tree varieties of domestic selection enhances profitability of commercial horticulture for a higher competitive power of national agricultural market. The diversity of columnar varieties remains little, yet offering a promising line of selection given a rising interest in this form of apple tree. The research aimed to comprehensively assess the economic and biological potential of the Priokskoe columnar variety to produce recommendations on its introduction in home and industrial gardening. A number of promising selected and elite genotypes, as well as five cultivars (Priokskoe, Poeziya, Vostorg, Orlovskaya Yeseniya, Girlyanda) have been identified from the extensive hybrid fund of columnar apple trees established at the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding for over 40 years. Priokskoe was the Institute’s first  early-fruiting columnar variety starting at the third year post-inoculation on low-medium vigour rootstock. Average yield at planting density 14,000 plants/ha on dwarf stock 62-396 makes 49.1  t/ha and 78.3  t/ha — in  the  crown of skeleton-forming  stock 3-17-38 at planting density 3,333 plants/ha. Priokskoe  is a strong-vigour category among columnar varieties. A 7-year tree height on dwarf rootstock 62-396 was 217.3 cm, a crowned tree height on stem stock 3-4-98 — 281.7 cm. The variety’s winter hardiness is sufficient for its cultivation in the Middle Chernozem zone  at no risk of irreversible winter loss. The Rvi6 gene-conditioned scab  immunity enables improvement of the orchard phytosanitary situation via reduced chemical burden. The adaptability, economic and biological traits of the Priokskoe  columnar variety ensure it a worthy rating among the current apple tree assortment recommended for intensive industrial horticulture.

scholarly journals Growing technology of crowned trees of columnar apple cultivars at Russian research institute of fruit crop breeding

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-101
Author(s):  
S. A. Korneyeva ◽  
E. N. Sedov ◽  
T. V. Yanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
The Third ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

Relevance. Selection of columnar apple cultivars and development of adapted elements of their cultivation technology are one of the promising areas of the research work of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. The result of 36 years of the target selection work was the creation of 5 columnar apple cultivars accepted in the State Register of breeding achievements: ‘Priokskoye’, ‘Poezia’, ‘Vostorg’, ‘Girlianda’ and ‘Orlovskaya Yesenia’. All cultivars are characterized by high precocity, productivity and immunity to scab. The special habit of the columnar shape of the apple tree determines a special type of planting that is characteristic only for it, providing for super-dense placement of trees.Results. Our research experimentally demonstrates the possibility of reducing the total number of plants per hectare while maintaining a high density of fruit wood in the orchard. These technologies will significantly reduce the amount of necessary planting material, therefore, reduce the initial cost of laying a columnar apple orchard. Thus, when growing columnar cultivars in the crown of a 3–4-98 semi- dwarf rootstock with a tree planting density of 3333 trees per hectare, the number of columnar branches corresponds to the plantation with a density of 20,000 columnar trees per 1 ha. The study of this technology showed that the cultivars entered fruiting in the third year after grafting of 2-year-old skeletal trees; the yield of the studied columnar cultivars for the first 10 years of fruiting averaged 81.6 t/ ha. Annual fruiting was observed throughout the entire observation period. Another promising option is to grow columns in the form of crowned plants on a dwarf rootstock 62–396. The crown on average consists of 5 branches, while the total number of columnar branches reaches 12 500 PCs/ha. The proportion of trees that entered fruiting in the third year after grafting depended on the depth of seedling planting. For normal planting, it was 28%, which is twice the same value for deep planting (15 cm below the root neck).

scholarly journals Introduction of Orel red currant varieties into the West-Siberian region

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
O. Golyayeva
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Siberian Region ◽  
The West ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Red Currant ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

Abstract. The results of the state testing of red currant varieties in the Prokopievsky Fruit-Berry State Station of Variety Testing (West-Siberian region) in 2015–2017 are presented. The task of the research was to test the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding red currant varieties in the soil-climatic conditions of the West-Siberian region. Methods. 13 varieties from the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (Orel region), 5 varieties from the Novosibirsk Zonal Fruit-Berry Experimental Station (Novosibirsk region) and 3 varieties from the South-Urals Research Institute of Fruit and Potato Growing (Chelyabinsk) were studied. The red currant variety “Red Cross” in the West-Siberian region was taken as a standard. The observations and records were carried out according to the Methods of the state variety testing of agricultural crops. Results. For three year of the study, on the average, the productivity of the standard was 63.3 centner per hectare. The varieties from the former Novosibirsk Zonal Fruit-Berry Experimental Station “Valensiya”, “Khrustyashchaya” and “Eliza” were on the same level of productivity with the standard, while “Rozita” was inferior to the standard. The varieties from the South-Urals Research Institute of Fruit and Potato Growing significantly exceeded the standard in terms of the crop load: “Ilyinka”, “Ural’skaya krasnaya” and “Ural’skaya belaya” (93.3–84.4 centner/ha). The varieties from the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding had higher rate of productivity: 122.5 centner/ha (“Marmeladnitza” – 102.6 centner/ha (white-fruit variety “Belka”). “Gollandskaya krasnaya”, “Khrustyashchaya”, “Belka”, “Uralskaya belaya” and “Roza” are characterized by a dessert taste (5.0 point). In conditions of the Kemerovo region the varieties “Asya”, “Dar Orla”, “Dana”, “Ilyinka”, “Marmeladnitza”, “Orlovchanka”, “Podarok leta”, “Ural’skaya krasavitsa”, “Niva” and “Belka” are characterized by large size of fruit with maximal berry weight of 0.9–1.3 g. “Ilyinka”, “Marmeladnitsa”, “Ural’skaya krasnaya”, “Belka” and “Ural’skaya belaya” demonstrated a complex resistance the main diseases of red currants- anthracnose and septoria. Scientific novelty and practical importance. The results of the introduction showed that the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding red currant varieties have high environmental adaptability to the conditions of the sharply continental climate. As a result of the testing, the varieties “Asya”, “Dana”, “Marmeladnitsa”, “Orlovchanka”, “Dar Orla” and “Podarok leta” (Orel breeding) are included in the State Register of breeding achievements admitted for use in the West-Siberian region.

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