The small intestines of calves inoculated orally with the enteropathogenic strain of Escherichia coli 0101:K'B41′, K99 were examined by electron microscopy at 3, 6, 12, 16, 21, 36, 69, 70 and 72 hours after inoculation. The challenge organism adhered to the mucosa of the distal small intestine from six hours post-inoculation. Bacteria were separated from the microvillous brush border by a gap of 200 to 300 nm in which bacterial fimbriae and the microvillous glycocalyx were seen. Bacteria never were found in epithelial cells but were present in macrophages in the lamina propria from 12 hours. At three and six hours, cytopathic changes were not seen in the small intestine, but from 12 hours epithelial cells on affected villi had blunt and thick microvilli and contained cytoplasmic inclusions. Epithelial cells were seen frequently in the process of extrusion from the villi, either singly, in small groups, or as ribbons of cells. Intervillous bridges, characteristic of villous fusion, were seen frequently from 69 hours.
Changes in expression of antimicrobial peptides and Fc receptors in the small intestines of neonatal calves during the passive immunity period
