Comparative Treatments of Waste Municipal Surface Water with Moringa Oleifera Seed and Activated Carbon in Zaria Metropolis, Northern Nigeria

The quality and accessibility of drinking water are of paramount importance to human health. Drinking water may contain disease causing agents and toxic chemicals, and to control the risks to public health, systematic water quality monitoring and surveillance are required. Thousands of chemicals have been identified in drinking water supplies around the world and are considered potentially hazardous to human health at relatively high concentrations. Heavy metals are the most harmful of the chemical pollutants and are of concern due to their toxicities to humans. Moringa oleifera seed acts as a natural coagulant, adsorbent and antimicrobial agent while commercial activated carbon is known for its excellent heavy metal removal. It is believed that Moringa oleifera seed is an organic natural polymer. This work has been carried out to analyse the removal of some heavy metals (lead, nickel, iron, and zinc) from borehole water using moringa seed powder, activated carbon and a combination of the two adsorbents. The results obtained showed that Moringa oleifera is environmentally friendly and suitable for water treatment containing undesirable heavy metals. It was also discovered that all the adsorbents were able to completely remove the lead metal in the water. Furthermore, within the adsorbent dosage limit investigated, only activated carbon could remove all the zinc present in the water. However, there was an indication that higher dosage of the coagulants would be able to remove higher percentage of the other metals. It was also found that, in some cases, an increase in the dosage of some adsorbents led to decrease in the percentage removal of some metals. This was observed to be an indication that there could be the need to take note of the optimum dosages of the adsorbents that need to be used in treating any water. The good performances displayed by these local adsorbents have shown that they could effectively replace the chemicals that have been found to have links with some health problems in human.

Download Full-text

Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Methylene Blue Adsorption on Polyfurfuryl Alcohol-Derived Templated Carbon and Activated Carbon from H3PO4-Impregnated Moringa oleifera Seed Hull

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i2930964 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 124-140

Author(s):

O. M. Myina ◽

R. A. Wuana ◽

I. S. Eneji ◽

R. Sha’ Ato

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Physical Nature ◽

Active Carbons ◽

Kinetics And Thermodynamics ◽

Polyfurfuryl Alcohol ◽

Seed Hull ◽

Moringa Oleifera Seed ◽

Templated Carbon

This work probes the kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous phase on a templated carbon (TC) synthesized from polyfurfuryl alcohol using kaolinite template at 773 K; and activated carbon produced by the pyrolysis of H3PO4-impregnated Moringa oleifera seed hull (MOSH) at 723 K. Factors such as initial concentration of MB (1-3 mg/50 mL), reaction time (0-60 min.) and temperature (302-328 K) for the process were investigated using isotherms, sorption kinetics and thermodynamics. From the results obtained, adsorption of MB on TC fits both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms well. The Langmuir isotherm describes adsorption of MB on the activated carbon from MOSH (MOSHC) better than the Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption capacities of the active carbons observed for MB were 29.3 mg/g for TC and 29.8 mg/g for MOSHC. The thermodynamic values evaluated: (14.15 kJ/mol. and 11.48 kJ/mol.), (87.93 kJ/mol. K and 49.55 kJ/mol. K) and (7.10 kJ/mol. and 14.26 kJ/mol.) for TC and MOSHC respectively, indicate endothermic and physical nature of adsorption, and enhanced randomness at the adsorbate-adsorbent interface. The sticking probability ( ) values (3.25 x 10–3 and 1.36 x 10–4 for TC and MOSHC respectively) show that the probability of MB molecules sticking on the surfaces of these active carbons is very high, with that for MOSHC being higher. Negative values (– 12.28 to – 14.68 kJ/mol.K and – 3.56 to – 4.92 kJ/mol.K) for TC and MOSHC respectively, at 302–328 K confirms a spontaneous adsorption process dominated by physisorption. Adsorption of MB on TC supports multilayer formation and was dominated by pseudo-second order kinetics while its adsorption on MOSHC was dominated by pseudo-first order kinetics with a single MB molecule occupying more than one active site. MOSHC, the low-cost adsorbent prepared, is thus very assuring for the removal of organic pollutants like MB from aqueous systems.

Download Full-text

Surfactant-polluted surface water treatment with Moringa oleifera seed extract

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2010.001 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Sánchez-Martín ◽

J. Beltrán-Heredia

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Real Surface ◽

Surface Water Treatment ◽

Water Matrix ◽

Jar Test ◽

High Maximum ◽

Moringa Oleifera Seed ◽

Very High

Moringa oleifera seed extract has been tested in removing surfactants from polluted surface water. River water has been polluted with sodium lauryl sulphate, a spread surfactant, and Jar-test have been carried out in order to evaluate the effciency of this natural coagulant agent inside a real surface water matrix. Effciency has demonstrated to be very high (maximum q of about 2.5 mmol·g−1) and a high surfactant removal is achieved rapidly. Coagulation process may be modelated through Gu and Zhu adsorption hypothesis, so an acceptable r2 coeffcient is obtained (0.94).

Download Full-text

Response surface methodology approach to optimization of process parameter for coagulation process of surface water using Moringa oleifera seed

South African Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.sajce.2019.02.002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 46-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Olusola Adedayo Adesina ◽

Fatima Abdulkareem ◽

Adeyinka S. Yusuff ◽

Mayowa Lala ◽

Akindele Okewale

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Surface Water ◽

Response Surface ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Process Parameter ◽

Coagulation Process ◽

Moringa Oleifera Seed

Download Full-text

Efficacy of Moringa oleifera Seed Husk as Adsorptive Agent for Trihalomethanes from a Water Treatment Plant in Southwestern, Nigeria

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2020/3450954 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Aderonke Adetutu Okoya ◽

Olasunkanmi Olalekan Olaiya ◽

Abimbola Bankole Akinyele ◽

Nnenneh Oruada Ochor

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Surface Water ◽

Contact Time ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Water Treatment Plant ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Adsorbent Dosage ◽

Seed Husk

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are formed when excess chlorine during chlorination of water reacts with organic material in water. They have mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Moringa oleifera (MO) has found wide acceptance by many people in Nigeria who have used it for food for both humans and fauna, for health purposes, and as a coagulant for water treatment. However, the seed husks are currently discarded as waste and they have not been used as adsorbent to remove THMs from water. The physicochemical properties of both the treated and raw surface water were determined using standard methods, and the concentration of THMs was determined from the water treatment plant at different stages of treatment using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Recovery experiments were carried out to validate the procedure. The efficiencies of activated carbon of Moringa oleifera seed husk (MOSH) adsorbent for the removal of THMs in the water and as a coagulant for water treatment were also assessed. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out, and different parameters such as pH (5, 7, and 9), adsorbent dosage (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g), contact time (30, 60, and 90 minutes), and initial concentration (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/l) were optimized for the removal of trichloromethane and tribromomethane using the MOSH activated carbon. Experimental adsorption data from different initial concentrations of trichloromethane and tribromomethane were used to test conformity with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The percentage recovery from our procedures ranged from 96.0 ± 1.41 to 100.0 ± 0.00 for trichloromethane while for tribromomethane the range was 60 ± 2.82 to 100.0 ± 0.00. The mean percentage adsorption efficiencies for the simulation experiment ranged from 34.365 ± 1.41 to 93.135 ± 0.57 and from 41.870 ± 0.27 to 94.655 ± 0.41 for trichloromethane and tribromomethane, respectively. The optimum conditions for both trichloromethane and tribromomethane were pH 9, 0.8 g adsorbent dosage, 60-minute contact time, and 0.6 mg/l initial concentration. The optimum values of these parameters used for the adsorption of the two THMs in the surface water serving the treatment plant gave an efficiency of 100.00 ± 0.00%. The turbidity values for the coagulation experiment reduced from 9.76 ± 0.03 NTU in the raw water before coagulation to 5.92 ± 0.13 NTU after coagulation while all other physicochemical parameters of the surface water decreased in value except conductivity and total dissolved solid which increased from 104.5 ± 3.54 to 108.0 ± 2.83 μS/cm and 63.00 ± 11.31 to 83.0 ± 8.49 mg/l, respectively. The experimental data best fit into Langmuir than Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The study concluded that MOSH activated carbon could serve as an adsorbent for the removal of THMs, calcium, and sulphur from water samples.

Download Full-text