6. Surface water drainage — How evaluation can improve performance; Household water treatment 1; Household water treatment 2; Water clarification using Moringa oleifera seed coagulant

Running Water ◽  
1999 ◽  
pp. 97-112
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Seed

Tratabilidade de Água Superficial Utilizando Coagulantes Naturais à Base de Tanino e Extratos de Sementes de Moringa oleífera

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Thalles Vicente Barbosa Gomes ◽  
Tamara Daiane De Souza ◽  
Patricia Feliciano Braga Bruzze
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Test Apparatus ◽  
Surface Water Treatment ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
The One ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Seed

O presente trabalho visa apresentar considerações sobre uma estratégia simplificada de tratamento de águas superficiais, empregando tanino Tanfloc SG e extrato de sementes de Moringa oleifera como coagulantes primários na tratabilidade dessa água para fins não nobres. Para avaliar a viabilidade do emprego destes coagulantes biodegradáveis e fazer um estudo comparativo entre a utilização deles foram realizados ensaios, utilizando o aparelho Jar Test com diferentes concentrações dos coagulantes e medições da turbidez em intervalos de sedimentação de 2 horas, além de diferentes faixas de pH. A Moringa oleifera não mostrou viabilidade na tratabilidade da água superficial. Verificou-se que a concentração de 5mg.L-1 de tanino Tanfloc SG, para um tempo de sedimentação de 2 horas, foi a que proporcionou a maior redução de turbidez (79%). A partir de diferentes faixas de pH (5 e 9), a Moringa oleifera não apresentou nenhuma eficiência. Já o tanino mostrou viabilidade, sendo que em pH 5 houve uma redução de 87,9% e em pH 9 a redução da turbidez foi de 87,72%. Os estudos referidos, no presente trabalho, sugerem haver um maior potencial de aplicação do tanino como coagulante primário, por ter apresentado maior viabilidade no tratamento da água bruta em relação ao extrato de sementes de Moringa oleifera.Palavras-chave: Turbidez. Moringa oleifera. Tanino.AbstractThe aim of the present study is to present considerations on a simplified surface water treatment strategy using Tanfloc SG tannin and Moringa oleifera seed extract as primary coagulants in the treatability of this water for non-noble purposes. To evaluate the viability of the use of these biodegradable coagulants and to make a comparative study between the use of them, tests were performed using the Jar Test apparatus with different concentrations of coagulants and turbidity measurements in sedimentation intervals of 2 hours and different pH ranges. Moringa oleifera showed no viability in the surface water treatability. It was verified that the concentration of 5mg.L-1 of tanfloc SG tannin, for a settling time of 2 hours, was the one that provided the greatest turbidity reduction (79%). From different pH ranges (5 and 9), Moringa oleifera showed no efficiency. The tannin showed viability, and at pH 5 there was a reduction of 87.9% and at pH 9 the turbidity reduction was 87.72%. The studies referred to in this work suggest that there is a greater potential for the application of tannin as a primary coagulant, as it has been shown to be more viable in the treatment of crude water regarding the Moringaoleifera extract.Keywords: Turbidity. Moringa oleifera. Tannin.

scholarly journals Cost and financial sustainability of a household-based water treatment and storage intervention in Zambia

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anyana Banerjee ◽  
Deborah A. McFarland ◽  
Ritu Singh ◽  
Robert Quick
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water System ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Program Costs ◽  
And Behavior

Providing safe water to >1 billion people in need is a major challenge. To address this need, the Safe Water System (SWS) - household water treatment with dilute bleach, safe water storage, and behavior change - has been implemented in >20 countries. To assess the potential sustainability of the SWS, we analyzed costs in Zambia of “Clorin” brand product sold in bottles sufficient for a month of water treatment at a price of $0.09. We analyzed production, marketing, distribution, and overhead costs of Clorin before and after sales reached nationwide scale, and analyzed Clorin sales revenue. The average cost per bottle of Clorin production, marketing and distribution at start-up in 1999 was $1.88 but decreased by 82% to $0.33 in 2003, when >1.7 million bottles were sold. The financial loss per bottle decreased from $1.72 in 1999 to $0.24 in 2003. Net program costs in 2003 were $428,984, or only $0.04 per person-month of protection. A sensitivity analysis showed that if the bottle price increased to $0.18, the project would be self-sustaining at maximum capacity. This analysis demonstrated that efficiencies in the SWS supply chain can be achieved through social marketing. Even with a subsidy, overall program costs per beneficiary are low.

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