Treatment of surface water with Moringa Oleifera seed extract and alum – a comparative study using a pilot scale water treatment plant

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Muyibi ◽  
Akif Alfugara
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Seed

scholarly journals Conventional Treatment of Surface Water Using Moringa Oleifera Seeds Extract as a Primary Coagulant

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman A. Muyibi, Ahmed Hissein M Birima, Thamer A. Mohammed ◽  
Megat Johari M. M. Noor
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Filter Test

The present study involved the use of a model pilot scale water treatment plant to treat turbid surface water from a stream using processed Moringa oleifera seed with 25 % w/w oil extracted as primary coagulant. The water treatment plant was made up of four unit operations: coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration (rapid sand filter). Test runs were carried out for three hours per run over a three-month period with turbidities ranging from 18 to 261 NTU. The turbidity, pH, and alkalinity as well as the filter head loss were measured every 30 minutes during the experimental runs. Average turbidity removal of up to 96 % at an effective doses of 20 and 30 mg/l of oil extracted M. oleifera for low (< 50 NTU) and moderate turbidity (< 100 NTU) water respectively was observed doses 50 – 80 mg/l for high turbidity (> 100 NTU) water. M. oleifera seed extract was found to have no significant effect on pH or alkalinity of the water. The residual turbidities measured during most of the test runs satisfied the Malaysian Guideline for Drinking Water Supplies. Key Words: Moringa oleifera, primary coagulant, coagulation, pilot plant, filtration.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Moringa oleifera Seed Husk as Adsorptive Agent for Trihalomethanes from a Water Treatment Plant in Southwestern, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Aderonke Adetutu Okoya ◽  
Olasunkanmi Olalekan Olaiya ◽  
Abimbola Bankole Akinyele ◽  
Nnenneh Oruada Ochor
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Seed Husk

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are formed when excess chlorine during chlorination of water reacts with organic material in water. They have mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Moringa oleifera (MO) has found wide acceptance by many people in Nigeria who have used it for food for both humans and fauna, for health purposes, and as a coagulant for water treatment. However, the seed husks are currently discarded as waste and they have not been used as adsorbent to remove THMs from water. The physicochemical properties of both the treated and raw surface water were determined using standard methods, and the concentration of THMs was determined from the water treatment plant at different stages of treatment using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Recovery experiments were carried out to validate the procedure. The efficiencies of activated carbon of Moringa oleifera seed husk (MOSH) adsorbent for the removal of THMs in the water and as a coagulant for water treatment were also assessed. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out, and different parameters such as pH (5, 7, and 9), adsorbent dosage (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g), contact time (30, 60, and 90 minutes), and initial concentration (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/l) were optimized for the removal of trichloromethane and tribromomethane using the MOSH activated carbon. Experimental adsorption data from different initial concentrations of trichloromethane and tribromomethane were used to test conformity with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The percentage recovery from our procedures ranged from 96.0 ± 1.41 to 100.0 ± 0.00 for trichloromethane while for tribromomethane the range was 60 ± 2.82 to 100.0 ± 0.00. The mean percentage adsorption efficiencies for the simulation experiment ranged from 34.365 ± 1.41 to 93.135 ± 0.57 and from 41.870 ± 0.27 to 94.655 ± 0.41 for trichloromethane and tribromomethane, respectively. The optimum conditions for both trichloromethane and tribromomethane were pH 9, 0.8 g adsorbent dosage, 60-minute contact time, and 0.6 mg/l initial concentration. The optimum values of these parameters used for the adsorption of the two THMs in the surface water serving the treatment plant gave an efficiency of 100.00 ± 0.00%. The turbidity values for the coagulation experiment reduced from 9.76 ± 0.03 NTU in the raw water before coagulation to 5.92 ± 0.13 NTU after coagulation while all other physicochemical parameters of the surface water decreased in value except conductivity and total dissolved solid which increased from 104.5 ± 3.54 to 108.0 ± 2.83 μS/cm and 63.00 ± 11.31 to 83.0 ± 8.49 mg/l, respectively. The experimental data best fit into Langmuir than Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The study concluded that MOSH activated carbon could serve as an adsorbent for the removal of THMs, calcium, and sulphur from water samples.

Tratabilidade de Água Superficial Utilizando Coagulantes Naturais à Base de Tanino e Extratos de Sementes de Moringa oleífera

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Thalles Vicente Barbosa Gomes ◽  
Tamara Daiane De Souza ◽  
Patricia Feliciano Braga Bruzze
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Test Apparatus ◽  
Surface Water Treatment ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
The One ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Seed

O presente trabalho visa apresentar considerações sobre uma estratégia simplificada de tratamento de águas superficiais, empregando tanino Tanfloc SG e extrato de sementes de Moringa oleifera como coagulantes primários na tratabilidade dessa água para fins não nobres. Para avaliar a viabilidade do emprego destes coagulantes biodegradáveis e fazer um estudo comparativo entre a utilização deles foram realizados ensaios, utilizando o aparelho Jar Test com diferentes concentrações dos coagulantes e medições da turbidez em intervalos de sedimentação de 2 horas, além de diferentes faixas de pH. A Moringa oleifera não mostrou viabilidade na tratabilidade da água superficial. Verificou-se que a concentração de 5mg.L-1 de tanino Tanfloc SG, para um tempo de sedimentação de 2 horas, foi a que proporcionou a maior redução de turbidez (79%). A partir de diferentes faixas de pH (5 e 9), a Moringa oleifera não apresentou nenhuma eficiência. Já o tanino mostrou viabilidade, sendo que em pH 5 houve uma redução de 87,9% e em pH 9 a redução da turbidez foi de 87,72%. Os estudos referidos, no presente trabalho, sugerem haver um maior potencial de aplicação do tanino como coagulante primário, por ter apresentado maior viabilidade no tratamento da água bruta em relação ao extrato de sementes de Moringa oleifera.Palavras-chave: Turbidez. Moringa oleifera. Tanino.AbstractThe aim of the present study is to present considerations on a simplified surface water treatment strategy using Tanfloc SG tannin and Moringa oleifera seed extract as primary coagulants in the treatability of this water for non-noble purposes. To evaluate the viability of the use of these biodegradable coagulants and to make a comparative study between the use of them, tests were performed using the Jar Test apparatus with different concentrations of coagulants and turbidity measurements in sedimentation intervals of 2 hours and different pH ranges. Moringa oleifera showed no viability in the surface water treatability. It was verified that the concentration of 5mg.L-1 of tanfloc SG tannin, for a settling time of 2 hours, was the one that provided the greatest turbidity reduction (79%). From different pH ranges (5 and 9), Moringa oleifera showed no efficiency. The tannin showed viability, and at pH 5 there was a reduction of 87.9% and at pH 9 the turbidity reduction was 87.72%. The studies referred to in this work suggest that there is a greater potential for the application of tannin as a primary coagulant, as it has been shown to be more viable in the treatment of crude water regarding the Moringaoleifera extract.Keywords: Turbidity. Moringa oleifera. Tannin.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Microstrainers Filtration in the Process of Removing Phytoplankton with Special Consideration of Cyanobacteria

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Czyżewska ◽  
Marlena Piontek
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Particle Filtration ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Quantitative Monitoring

The research presented in this manuscript concerns the evaluation of the effectiveness of microstrainers, which are designed to reduce the amount of plankton in treated surface water. The efficiency of microstrainer filtration analysis is very important for the proper course of the water-treatment process not only in the Water-Treatment Plant (WTP) in Zielona Góra (central western Poland) but also in other WTPs around the world. The qualitative and quantitative monitoring of the abundance of plankton including cyanobacteria during the particle-filtration process allows not only for the assessment of the potential cyanotoxic risk in surface water providing a source of drinking water, but also allows the evaluation of the action and the prevention of adverse impacts of microstrainers. Over four years of research, it was observed that the largest amount of cyanobacteria before microstrainer filtration took place in May. The dominant species was Limnothrix redeckei. The microstrainer removal of plankton and cyanobacteria was statistically significant. The quantity of removed plankton increased with its increasing content in raw water. The particle-filtration process, by reducing the amount of cyanobacteria, contributes to a decrease in intracellular microcystins.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of vertical subsurface wetlands for iron and manganese removal from wastewater in drinking water treatment plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-163
Author(s):  
Jader Martínez Girón ◽  
Jenny Vanessa Marín-Rivera ◽  
Mauricio Quintero-Angel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Significant Difference

Population growth and urbanization pose a greater pressure for the treatment of drinking water. Additionally, different treatment units, such as decanters and filters, accumulate high concentrations of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), which in many cases can be discharged into the environment without any treatment when maintenance is performed. Therefore, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of vertical subsurface wetlands for Fe and Mn removal from wastewater in drinking water treatment plants, taking a pilot scale wetland with an ascending gravel bed with two types of plants: C. esculenta and P. australis in El Hormiguero (Cali, Colombia), as an example. The pilot system had three upstream vertical wetlands, two of them planted and the third one without a plant used as a control. The wetlands were arranged in parallel and each formed by three gravel beds of different diameter. The results showed no significant difference for the percentage of removal in the three wetlands for turbidity (98 %), Fe (90 %), dissolved Fe (97 %) and Mn (98 %). The dissolved oxygen presented a significant difference between the planted wetlands and the control. C. esculenta had the highest concentration of Fe in the root with (103.5 ± 20.8) µg/g ; while P. australis had the highest average of Fe concentrations in leaves and stem with (45.7 ± 24) µg/g and (41.4 ± 9.1) µg/g, respectively. It is concluded that subsurface wetlands can be an interesting alternative for wastewater treatment in the maintenance of drinking water treatment plants. However, more research is needed for the use of vegetation or some technologies for the removal or reduction of the pollutant load in wetlands, since each drinking water treatment plant will require a treatment system for wastewater, which in turn requires a wastewater treatment system as well.

Selection of the surface water treatment technology – a full-scale technological investigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Pruss
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Surface Water Treatment ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Water Treatment Technology

A technological investigation was carried out over a period of 2 years to evaluate surface water treatment technology. The study was performed in Poland, in three stages. From November 2011 to July 2012, for the first stage, flow tests with a capacity of 0.1–1.5 m3/h were performed simultaneously in three types of technical installations differing by coagulation modules. The outcome of the first stage was the choice of the technology for further investigation. The second stage was performed between September 2012 and March 2013 on a full-scale water treatment plant. Three large technical installations, operated in parallel, were analysed: coagulation with sludge flotation, micro-sand ballasted coagulation with sedimentation, coagulation with sedimentation and sludge recirculation. The capacity of the installations ranged from 10 to 40 m3/h. The third stage was also performed in a full-scale water treatment plant and was aimed at optimising the selected technology. This article presents the results of the second stage of the full-scale investigation. The critical treatment process, for the analysed water, was the coagulation in an acidic environment (6.5 &lt; pH &lt; 7.0) carried out in a system with rapid mixing, a flocculation chamber, preliminary separation of coagulation products, and removal of residual suspended solids through filtration.

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