Plant species turnover in an alvar grassland under different environmental conditions and at different scales

2008 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Species Turnover

Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Parker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Abstract I. cylindrica is a serious weed not only in crops but also in natural areas, causing serious economic and environmental damage. The ability of I. cylindrica to effectively compete for water and nutrients, spread and persist through the production of seeds and rhizomes that can survive a wide range of environmental conditions, and its allelopathic effects and pyrogenic nature, allow it to exclude native plant species and other desirable plants and dominate large areas of land.

scholarly journals Landscape and Climate Influence the Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Inbreeding in Cerrado Plant Species

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Luciana Cristina Vitorino ◽  
Mateus Neri Oliveira Reis ◽  
Layara Alexandre Bessa ◽  
Ueric José Borges de Souza ◽  
Fabiano Guimarães Silva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Buffer Size ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
Center Periphery

The anthropization of the landscape of the Cerrado biome that has occurred over the past few decades has fragmented its natural environments, impacting the connectivity of the plant populations and altering their gene flow. Plant species may also reduce population size in response to sub-optimal climatic and environmental conditions, and observed distribution patterns may align with theoretical schemes, such as the center–periphery model, that is, it is possible that populations on the edge have lower genetic diversity than center populations, theoretically submitted to environmental conditions closer to the optimum. In this context, we evaluate whether the genetic diversity and inbreeding coefficients of Cerrado plant species are affected by landscape features and climate characteristics, and in particular, if the distribution of the genetic diversity of these plants is consistent with the center–periphery model. To do this, we conducted a literature search for genetic studies of Cerrado plant populations using Scopus, Web of Science, and Scielo databases and the species found were used as a proxy to explore patterns throughout the biome. The data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and multiple matrix regressions (MMRRs) to evaluate the effects of landscape features and climatic variables on the observed (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE), allelic richness (AR) and inbreeding (Fis) patterns of the local populations. The landscape was evaluated in terms of the percentage land cover of agriculture (AG), forestry (FO), remnant vegetation (RV), urban areas (UA), pasture (PA), and water (WA) within buffers of 1 km, 3 km, and 5 km around the study populations. We analyzed 121 populations of 31 plant species. The GLMMs showed that HO was affected by FO regardless of buffer size, while HE was also affected by FO, but also by WA and UA. AR was affected by WA and UA in all three buffer zones while the Fis was affected by FO and AU. The MMRRs showed that WA may affect HO, HE, and Fis within the 1 km buffer, while FO affects HO and UA affects AR within the 5 km buffer. In the case of the 1 km and 3 km buffers, however, the geographic distance between populations was identified as a factor determining the genetic diversity and inbreeding indices, indicating that isolation by distance may be an important factor defining the breeding patterns of the Cerrado plant populations. The GLMMs and MMRRs also showed that the mean annual temperature (MAT) and, to a lesser extent, isothermality (ISO) can explain the variation in genetic diversity observed in the Cerrado plant populations. We also found that the center–periphery model fits the distribution pattern observed in most of the species evaluated, including Annona crassiflora,Annona coriacea, Copaifera langsdorffii, and Eugenia dysenterica. Our results indicate that changes in the climate and the landscape of Brazilian Cerrado must be considered carefully to guarantee minimizing the impacts of these processes on the genetic diversity of Cerrado plant species and ensuring the long-term conservation of these species in this biome.

scholarly journals Effects of environmental conditions and space on species turnover for three plant functional groups in Brazilian savannas

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélio Menegat ◽  
Divino Vicente Silvério ◽  
Henrique A Mews ◽  
Guarino R Colli ◽  
Ana Clara Abadia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Variance Partitioning ◽  
Plant Functional Groups ◽  
Palm Species

Abstract Aims Different plant functional groups display diverging responses to the same environmental gradients. Here, we assess the effects of environmental and spatial predictors on species turnover of three functional groups of Brazilian savannas (Cerrado) plants—trees, palms and lianas—across the transition zone between the Cerrado and Amazon biomes in central Brazil. Methods We used edaphic, climatic and plant composition data from nine one-hectare plots to assess the effects of the environment and space on species turnover using a Redundancy Analysis and Generalized Dissimilarity Modeling (GDM), associated with variance partitioning. Important Findings We recorded 167 tree species, 5 palms and 4 liana species. Environmental variation was most important in explaining species turnover, relative to geographic distance, but the best predictors differed between functional groups: geographic distance and silt for lianas; silt for palms; geographic distance, temperature and elevation for trees. Geographic distances alone exerted little influence over species turnover for the three functional groups. The pure environmental variation explained most of the liana and palm turnover, while tree turnover was largely explained by the shared spatial and environmental contribution. The effects of geographic distance upon species turnover leveled off at about 300 km for trees, and 200 km for lianas, whereas they were unimportant for palm species turnover. Our results indicate that environmental factors that determine floristic composition and species turnover differ substantially between plant functional groups in savannas. Therefore, we recommend that studies that aim to investigate the role of environmental conditions in determining plant species turnover should examine plant functional groups separately.

SUITABLE PLANT SPECIES TO MEET THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF THE PIRAEUS PASSENGER PORT

2010 ◽  
pp. 555-558
Author(s):  
A.T. Paraskevopoulou ◽  
M. Papafotiou ◽  
I. Massas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Conditions

Seabirds drive plant species turnover on small Mediterranean islands at the expense of native taxa

Oecologia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vidal ◽  
F. Médail ◽  
T. Tatoni ◽  
V. Bonnet
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Mediterranean Islands

The effect of land use change on the vascular plant species turnover in boreal lakes

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 3951-3962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milla Hilli ◽  
Markku T. Kuitunen ◽  
Jukka Suhonen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Boreal Lakes ◽  
Vascular Plant Species

Effects of climate and forest age on plant and caterpillar diversity in the Yucatan, Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijl Essens ◽  
Euridice Leyequién ◽  
Carmen Pozo ◽  
Henricus F. M. Vester ◽  
Hector A. Hernández-Arana
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Herbivorous Insect ◽  
Forest Age ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Species Numbers ◽  
Explained Variation

Abstract:Understanding patterns in plant and herbivorous insect diversity across spatial and temporal scales is fundamental to ecology, but comparative multi-taxonomic studies in tropical seasonally dry forests remain scarce. In 36 sites, distributed over three forest age classes (5–10 y, 10–30 y, >100 y) and three seasonal forest types (dry, intermediate, humid), we sampled plants of different stem diameter classes while caterpillars were sampled across vertically distributed forest layers during three seasons over the year. We recorded 299 plant species and 485 caterpillar morphospecies. For large woody plants, species numbers showed a gradually increasing trend with forest age in the intermediate and humid forest types, while the main portion of explained variation in overall species turnover was accounted for by the forest type × forest age interaction (21.3–23.1% of 44.4–48.7%). Ordinations and multivariate pairwise comparisons suggested a faster but also very distinct successional development of species diversity of large plants in the driest compared with humid and intermediate forest types. In contrast, highest species numbers of small plants in the undergrowth was often found in the 5–10 y-old vegetation across forest types, whereas forest type was the major factor in overall species turnover (contributing 24.2% of 48.7% explained variation). Caterpillar species turnover was most correlated to species turnover of small plants; however, variation in caterpillar species diversity appears to be mostly regulated by seasonal cues, and to a lesser extent by patterns of regional turnover and local diversity of undergrowth plant species.

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