scholarly journals Institutional Violence and Madness in Bond's Subversive Comedy The Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (II) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umer Azim ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Nargis Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Institutional Violence ◽  
Social Existence ◽  
The Social ◽  
British Culture

This paper analyses Edward Bond's play The Sea as a subversive comedy. The existing sociopolitical hegemonies in the British culture are ridiculed. Bond foregrounds the unjust automatized social structures that produce multiple types of madness that leads to violence. Gradually, the social beings become habitual of their madness-based identity. They develop an equation to cope with the existing coercive social system. The victim of these social hierarchies are brutalized, alienated and dehumanized, ultimately. Bond, through dialectical modes, self-reflexive text, creative images, comic strategies, symbolic configurations and various behavioral absurdities awakes his reader/audience to diagnose the dreadful situation in which they are and to practically do something to replace the irrational life by the sanity-oriented social existence. Elisabeth Wright's theory of found in her book Postmodern Brecht: A Re-Presentation (1989) informed this study as a theoretical paradigm.

Social ranking in animal and human societies

Ranking ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 42-64
Author(s):  
Péter Érdi
Keyword(s):  
Social Rank ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Social Ranking ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Physical Size ◽  
The Social ◽  
Network Organizations ◽  
Group Members

This chapter studies how social ranking in humans emerged as the result of an evolutionary process. It starts with the story of the discovery of pecking order among chickens by a Norwegian boy. Both animals and humans need a healthy balance between cooperation and competition to ensure evolutionarily efficient strategies. The biological machinery behind social ranking is discussed. There are two distinct mechanisms for navigating the social ladder: dominance and prestige. Dominance, an evolutionarily older strategy, is based on the ability to intimidate other members in the group by physical size and strength. The group members don’t accept dominance-based social rank freely, only by coercion. Members of a colony fight, and the winners of these fights will be accepted as “dominants” and the losers as “subordinates.” The naturally formed hierarchy serves as a way to prevent superfluous fighting and injuries within a colony. Prestige, as a strategy, is evolutionarily younger and is based on skills and knowledge as appraised by the community. Prestige hierarchies are maintained by the consent of the community, without pressure being applied by particular members. The mechanisms of forming and maintaining social hierarchies are described. Social structures, both hierarchies and network organizations, are reviewed. Discussion of these structures is carried over to social and political history and the tension between democracy and authoritarianism.

Tertullian's Polemic Against Social Co-optation

1971 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis E. Groh
Keyword(s):  
Social Problem ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Technological System ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
The Church

One of the major strengths of a political and technological system is its ability to absorb into itself and to direct toward social purposes the aspirations and abilities of diverse groups and peoples. Empire, as opposed to despotism, traffics in the relentless proclivity of societal man to find contentment in the culture's values and personal advancement within the society's political, social, and economic structures. To paraphrase an old political maxim, a man who can be rewarded by the social system can be ruled by it. In this proclivity of societal man to make a place for himself in the social structures lay one of the major dangers to the church of Tertullian's day. Tertullian's attempt to lay the foundations for a divine community which could withstand the “pull” of society's “success” or “status” ethic on Christians is the focus of this article. It goes without saying that Tertullian's understanding of the essentially unique and separate character of the Christian community was also formulated against the heretics' theological “push,” but I would like to concentrate on the social problem in keeping with the theme of the meeting.

scholarly journals Afterword

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 430-436
Author(s):  
Hedda Reindl-Kiel
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Social System ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social

Abstract The paper questions the function of the anti-Ottoman approach that, until recently, prevailed in Southeastern European historiography. This mindset and its concomitant attitudes were steps in nation building. A short comparison of the Ottoman social system with the social structures of countries in the region that did not come under direct Ottoman rule shows only minor differences. Thus, the adoption of Ottoman cultural practices including material culture was not a difficult choice. At the same time, we see individuals and whole groups whose lifestyles were oriented toward the West. Changing eating habits serve as an illustration for this phenomenon.

Monitoring the Vital Signs in a Complex Social System

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangdong Che ◽  
Areej Salaymeh ◽  
Robert Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Influence Function ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Cultural Algorithm ◽  
Generation System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Problem Generation ◽  
Overall Performance

It has been conjectured that “Culture is an optimizing process”. That is, the social structures that emerge in a given organization support the efficient solution of problems that the organization must deal with. Here we will present an escalating sequence of static problems to our system. Our goal will be to study how the social network infrastructure affects the overall performance of social system of a given complexity. We develop a Cultural Engine metaphor in terms of measures used to describe the entropy of each of the Cultural Algorithm components. The influence function worked analogous to Maxwell's Demon in order to inject new entropy into the system so as to counteract the effect of the second law of thermodynamics. We then applied the system to the solution of a 150 randomly generated problems of varying complexity produced by a problem generation system based upon complexity theory.

Das mittel- bis spätawarenzeitliche Gräberfeld von Edelstal/Nemesvölgy – Ein regionales Machtzentrum im nordwestlichen Karpatenbecken?

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-364
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Limited Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Elites

Abstract Although well known to the community of Avar Age archaeologists, the old excavated cemetery of Edelstal (Hung. Nemesvölgy) played a quiet limited role in the discussion about social structures and societies, even for the northwestern part of the Carparthian Basin. This circumstance was also linked to the lack of publication of all graves. Based on this and the complete analyses of this cemetery the author wants to illustrate how important the burial community might have been in the social system of the Late Avar Khaganate. A special focus lies hereby on prominent items like gilded boar belts, buckles with the emperor's image or golden earrings and hair clips indicating wealth, communication, relations and links to the top social elites and presuming a high elaborated prestige chain network.

The Psychiatric Paradox and Women

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Susan Penfold ◽  
Gillian A. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Social System ◽  
Feminist Perspective ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Woman ◽  
Women's Oppression ◽  
The Individual

While purporting to be benign, compassionate, and helpful, psychiatry functions as a social regulator. Its unrecognized inter-relationship with the social system allows psychiatry to participate in women's oppression, locating the problem within the individual woman and obscuring the invidious effects of social structures. Psychiatric theories can reflect and reinforce longstanding beliefs about women's status and role, contribute to her devalued status, blame her for her difficulties, minimize violence against her, and suggest that her behaviour should be shaped so that she can conform to the traditional role. A feminist perspective provides a different view and alternative treatment approaches.

scholarly journals Coloniality and Mental Health, Neurological and Substance Abuse (MNS) Disorders in Guyana’s Prisons Today

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Queenela Cameron ◽  
Dylan Kerrigan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Population Management ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The Social ◽  
British Colony

There is a relationship between the social actions and social structures laid down during colonialism, and the social hierarchies and inequalities that developed as British Guiana moved slowly from British colony to Independent Guyana. From slavery and indigenous marginalisation, to indentureship and colonial social relations, modern Guyana emerges from the legacies of an Imperial project, and most notably “enslavement, immigration, and population management” (Anderson 2019). In the context of Guyana’s prisons today, the echoes and ghosts of this Imperial project can be said to still haunt the grounds and insides of these decaying buildings, as well as stalking the lives and minds of inmates themselves.

scholarly journals Network scaling reveals consistent fractal pattern in hierarchical mammalian societies

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 748-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell A Hill ◽  
R. Alexander Bentley ◽  
Robin I.M Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Social Systems ◽  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Orcinus Orca ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Papio Hamadryas Hamadryas ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consistent Feature ◽  
Multi Level

Recent studies have demonstrated that human societies are hierarchically structured with a consistent scaling ratio across successive layers of the social network; each layer of the network is between three and four times the size of the preceding (smaller) grouping level. Here we show that similar relationships hold for four mammalian taxa living in multi-level social systems. For elephant ( Loxodonta africana ), gelada ( Theropithecus gelada ) and hamadryas ( Papio hamadryas hamadryas ) baboon, successive layers of social organization have a scaling ratio of almost exactly 3, indicating that such branching ratios may be a consistent feature of all hierarchically structured societies. Interestingly, the scaling ratio for orca ( Orcinus orca ) was 3.8, which might mean that aquatic environments place different constraints on the organization of social hierarchies. However, circumstantial evidence from a range of other species suggests that scaling ratios close to 3 may apply widely, even in species where hierarchical social structures have not traditionally been identified. These results identify the origin of the hierarchical, fractal-like organization of mammalian social systems as a fundamental question.

scholarly journals ¿Son Los Valores Subjetivos U Objetivos? Diferenciación Entre Lo Que Es Un Valor En Sí­ Y El Proceso De Valoración

Xihmai ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Fragoso Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Existence Of Value

  RESUMENLa reflexión académica sobre los valores es considerada relativamente reciente en filosofí­a (cf. Parciano 1982)1, a pesar de ello, los valores como tales, están presentes desde los inicios de la humanidad. Para el ser humano siempre han existido cosas valiosas: el bien, la verdad, la belleza, la felicidad, la virtud.  Los valores según Scheler (en Aranguren 1985, p.71) ”son cualidades enteramente objetivas, aprehendidas por los sentimientos intencionales”, su existencia, afirma Platón (en Albelo, Frade, Rodrí­guez 1995, p. 22) ”es objetiva; son entidades eternas inmateriales, independientemente de que el hombre los capte o no”. Sin embargo, el criterio para estimar los valores ha variado a través de los tiempos. Se puede apreciar de acuerdo con criterios estéticos, esquemas sociales, costumbres, principios éticos o, en otros términos, por el costo, la utilidad, el bienestar, el placer, el prestigio. Cuando se evalúan los actos humanos en variadas ocasiones los referentes que se utilizan no son los valores, sino se alude a las normas sociales bajo las cuales se juzga el entorno, esta ignorancia fomenta el relativismo con que se perciben las conductas sociales en la actualidad. No hay una distinción clara entre el concepto del valor, el proceso que utiliza el hombre al valorar la realidad y la construcción de su jerarquí­a de los valores ya aceptados.  El objetivo de este artí­culo es plantear una distinción clara entre lo que es un valor en sí­ y lo que es el proceso de valoración, con el fin de mostrar la diferenciación entre ellos y no caer en los relativismos actuales que justifican conductas por naturaleza erróneas. * Maestra en Educación Familiar por la Universidad Panamericana, Licenciada en Filosofí­a por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Docente-Investigadora de la Universidad La Salle Pachuca. [email protected]  ABSTRACTValues are as old as humanity itself. From the beginning, humans have believed in the existence of value concepts: good, truth, beauty, happiness and virtue. Nevertheless, serious academic discussion of values is considered a recent development in philosophy (Parciano 1982). According to Scheler, values ”are completely objective qualities, experienced through conscious feeling” (in Aranguren 1985, p. 71). For Plato, the existence of values ”is objective; they are eternal, immaterial entities independent of Man’s ability to perceive them” (in Albelo, Frade and Rodrí­guez 1995, p. 22).  The criterion used to rank values has varied throughout history. For example, values can be ranked according to aesthetic criteria, social structures, customs and ethical principles, or in other words, according to cost, utility, wellbeing, pleasure and prestige. On many occasions social norms, rather than values, are used to evaluate human actions. Ignorance of this fact encourages the spread of relativistic accounts of contemporary social behavior. With relativism, there are no clear distinctions made between the concept of value, the processes used when valuating reality and the construction of social hierarchies using accepted values. The purpose of this essay is to prove that there exists a clear distinction between the concept of value and a process of valuation in order to undermine contemporary relativisms and the social behaviors they justify.

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