Perspectives of US-Mexico Trade under the USMCA

The USMCA will impose a restructuring of the North American supply chains to meet the new input content requirements. To evaluate the determinants of the US-Mexico trade under the new agreement, an econometric model is estimated. The estimations indicate that the distance from the US states to the Mexican border and the size of the economies of the states of Mexico are factors that impact trade between the two countries. Tariffs applied under the USMCA have had a minor but positive impact. Foreign direct investment showed positive effects on trade, indicating the existence of value chains between the US and Mexico. The results suggest that polices to encourage trade between the two countries would require the development of transportation infrastructure, as well as the promotion of investment in strategic sectors to further develop regional supply chains.

A Study on “Value” Concept of the Austrian School

The marginal utility theory of Austrian School is an important value theory in western economics. Need theory is the basis and premise of value theory. Need, which is equivalent to desire, has two specific connotations: "one of many needs" and "feelings of a certain need". The contribution and innovation of the need theory of Austrian School lies in that it puts forward two classifications of needs through studying the significance of needs, points out that value is only related to the classification of degrees of needs, reveals the general rule that the importance of one need decreases gradually with the increase in satisfaction, and puts forward the core concept of "marginal utility". The Austrian School studies the quality and quantity of value with human needs or desires as the measure of value. In the qualitative aspect of value, whether people's needs can be met is the direct basis for judging the existence of value, and whether it can improve people's life and welfare is the fundamental reason to judge the value of goods. In terms of the quantity of value, economists of the Austrian School propose the principle that marginal utility determines the value of the last unit of goods, completely solve Adam Smith's value paradox and achieve the transcendence of subjective utility theory.

The External Value Creation Factors in Indonesian Fintech E-Wallet Based on Customer Perspective

Value Creation is very important in today's digital era, especially in adoption of E-wallet among millennials, of course, this development is very interesting because with the existence of value creation, it can increase the value of a fintech company from the customer's perspective. This study aims to find out what external factors can influence the development of fintech e-wallet in Indonesia. For a research, the methodology used is really important to define a good result. Questionnaires are an important tool in collecting data in this study to collect data from fintech e-wallet users. Literature review is used as a means of supporting theories or hypotheses put forward in this study. Related external factors to be discussed: government policy and legal, financial and capital investment, physical environment, and telecommunication infrastructure. Therefore, this research is intended to find out what external value creation factors that can help fintech e-wallet company to define what strategies that suitable with its culture, and also can increase the potential use of fintech e-wallets in Indonesia so that the fintech e-wallet climate can continue to compete and survive with uncertain economic conditions in the era recently.

CONSTITUTIONALISM AND AMENDMENTS TO THE BASIC LAW OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 2020: POLITICAL ANALYSIS

The purpose of the article is to reveal the contradictions of the Russian transitional constitutionalism of the 2020 model as perceived by experts. It is achieved by presenting a palette of experts' views on the phenomenon of constitutionalism, expert assessments of the impact of the 2020 constitutional reform on constitutional principles, the distance between citizens and authorities, as well as expert opinions on the existence of value consolidation between the state and civil society in modern Russia. It is extremely important that the constitutional amendments, contributing to adaptation to changing realities, remain within the framework of the system of constitutionalism. There is no relevant developed methodology for political and legal assessment in the Russian-language scientific literature. The research group, having resorted to an expert survey, proposed their own version. The results obtained indicate not only the importance of value connotations in the perception of constitutionalism by experts, the weakening of all groups of constitutional principles (negative assessments prevail over positive ones), the manipulative nature of the process, but also a potential increase in the distance between the governors and the governed. Nevertheless, the threshold values that could indicate the interpretation of constitutional novels by experts as leading to going beyond the framework of constitutionalism are not identified. Since the project is pilot and generalizations are based on expert estimates, the conclusions are debatable.

The Theory of Democratic Antinomies and the Identification of Value Trade-Offs in Political Practice

In theory, the idea of democracy consists of several insoluble contradictions, aporias, and conflicts. In practice, democracy demands an effective balancing of its essentially opposing principles and values in order to preserve an authentic character as well as to avoid its inherent self-destructive tendencies. In this regard, the concept of value trade-offs promises a heuristic tool to grasp both the analytical and normative impact of a political theory which takes the complexity of democracy seriously. Proceeding from this, the contribution will demonstrate to what extent the conceptualisation of democratic antinomies and the notion of value trade-offs can be seen as a kind of communicating vessel. The article’s general argument is that democracy is defined by several antinomies that are irreducible in theory and therefore require trade-offs in political practice. Moreover, it will discuss three relevant issue areas to suggest the approach’s empirical relevance and to prove the existence of value trade-offs as an operating benchmark for the legitimacy and consolidation of democratic processes on the one hand but also for their shortcomings and risks on the other. Correspondingly, the article concerns the antinomic relationships between freedom and security, economic growth and sustainability, and finally, democracy and populism to underpin the general perception that the success of democratic institutions first and foremost depends on the balance of the necessarily conflicting principles of democracy.

INDICATORS DETERMINATION OF CULTURE OF PROFESSIONAL INTERACTION OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN THE SOCIONIC SPHERE

The article discusses the indicators of the culture of professional interaction of future specialists in the socionic sphere, determined in accordance with the components of the phenomenon and the criteria for their evaluation: the existence of value orientations, motivation to achieve success, the direction of the personality (incentive criterion); familiarity with the specifics of professional interaction, communicative barriers, means of manipulation (knowledge criterion), possession of verbal and non-verbal means of communication, listening skills, use of media tools (operational criteria), the presence of skills for emotional regulation, prevention of conflict situations, decision-making (activity criterion ), the presence of moral and strong-willed qualities, tolerance, creativity (personal criteria). Keywords: future specialists in the socionic sphere, culture of professional interaction, criteria, indicators.