Understanding Architectural Transformation: A Lesson for Young Architects

Architecture goes through a steady yet extremely slow process of evolution which is, most of the time, hardly observable in centuries. The process of architectural transformation has rarely been described holistically in the available literature; therefore, there is a need to explore and present this important process in the simplest possible manner for a better understanding of the young architects as well as students. The focus of this descriptive study was to explore the available literature on this important topic and to create a simple, precise and meticulous descriptive summary for the better understanding of young architects. Data used in this literature-based article was mostly secondary; however, it was tried to summarize the entire discussion in diagrammatic form. The study suggests practitioners should not opt for sudden and drastic turns in the architecture in terms of spatial configuration, formal compositions, and technological interventions as these may result in the acceleration of psychological and perceptual stress in users as well as the viewers.

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The Systemic Rules of Malay Standard Borrowing from Arabic: Guidelines for Linguists and Translators

Issues in Language Studies ◽

10.33736/ils.1624.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Idris Mansor

Keyword(s):

Descriptive Study ◽

Arabic Language ◽

Important Process ◽

Language Data

Borrowing has been an important process in the development of the Malay language. Malay has a great number of borrowed terms from a variety of languages, such as Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian, Dutch, Hindi, Javanese, Siamese, Tamil, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese and English. Among these languages, Arabic is one of the main sources of Malay borrowing. This research is a descriptive study of Malay borrowing from Arabic. It aims to produce a model of the systemic rules of standard Malay borrowing from the Arabic language. Data for this research were obtained from Kamus Dewan, the main reference for Malay lexicon. The data, then, were analysed manually based on their trends and patterns. The result of the study shows that there are several trends implemented in transferring Arabic words into Malay. This study aims to become a useful guideline for linguists and translators in borrowing new terms from Arabic.

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Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Implementasi Kebijakan Program Pencegahan Pemberantasan Dan Penyalahgunaan Peredaran Gelap Narkoba (P4GN)

JIAP (Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik) ◽

10.31764/jiap.v6i2.649 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

M Junaidi ◽

L.Hendra Maniza ◽

Baiq Selasmiati

Keyword(s):

Drug Trafficking ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Primary Data ◽

Important Process ◽

Data Presentation ◽

The Public ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

The Government ◽

Data Analysis Methods

This study has the background that the eradication and abuse of drug trafficking must be handled seriously by the government. In this study, researchers wanted to know what factors influence the prevention of eradication and abuse of drugs (P4GN) programs. This study is a qualitative descriptive study with data sources used, namely primary data and secondary data and this research was conducted using Interview and documentation methods, data analysis methods used include data reduction, Data Presentation and Interesting Conclusions. The results of the study found that the issue of communication aspects here is a very important process to determine the objectives of a policy, so far the dissemination of eradication and misuse of drug trafficking (P4GN) programs has been carried out in several districts and cities in NTB, the implementation of the P4GN program can provide an explanation to the public about what drugs are and the dangers of drugs for the life of the nation and state, the issue of the P4GN program shows the attitude and responsibility of the implementors to carry out their duties properly. Regarding the disposition aspect, the character problem or the implementor's attitude in implementing implementation is a matter that influences communication and bureaucratic structures and resources involved in the implementation of the eradication and misuse of drug trafficking (P4GN) program, the attitude and responsibility of the implementers here is sufficient well.

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The Effect of Nonlinear Amplitude Growth on the Speech Perception Benefits Provided by a Single-Sided Vocoder

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2018_jslhr-h-18-0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 745-757 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jessica M. Wess ◽

Joshua G. W. Bernstein

Keyword(s):

Transfer Functions ◽

Spatial Configuration ◽

Free Field ◽

Spatial Separation ◽

Compression And Expansion ◽

Interaural Difference ◽

Interaural Differences ◽

Single Sided Deafness ◽

Perceptual Separation ◽

Loudness Growth

PurposeFor listeners with single-sided deafness, a cochlear implant (CI) can improve speech understanding by giving the listener access to the ear with the better target-to-masker ratio (TMR; head shadow) or by providing interaural difference cues to facilitate the perceptual separation of concurrent talkers (squelch). CI simulations presented to listeners with normal hearing examined how these benefits could be affected by interaural differences in loudness growth in a speech-on-speech masking task.MethodExperiment 1 examined a target–masker spatial configuration where the vocoded ear had a poorer TMR than the nonvocoded ear. Experiment 2 examined the reverse configuration. Generic head-related transfer functions simulated free-field listening. Compression or expansion was applied independently to each vocoder channel (power-law exponents: 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, or 2).ResultsCompression reduced the benefit provided by the vocoder ear in both experiments. There was some evidence that expansion increased squelch in Experiment 1 but reduced the benefit in Experiment 2 where the vocoder ear provided a combination of head-shadow and squelch benefits.ConclusionsThe effects of compression and expansion are interpreted in terms of envelope distortion and changes in the vocoded-ear TMR (for head shadow) or changes in perceived target–masker spatial separation (for squelch). The compression parameter is a candidate for clinical optimization to improve single-sided deafness CI outcomes.

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Disfluency Characteristics Observed in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Preliminary Report

Perspectives on Fluency and Fluency Disorders ◽

10.1044/ffd20.2.42 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 42-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Laura W. Plexico ◽

Julie E. Cleary ◽

Ashlynn McAlpine ◽

Allison M. Plumb

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽

Young Children ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Young Children With Autism ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Developmental Stuttering

This descriptive study evaluates the speech disfluencies of 8 verbal children between 3 and 5 years of age with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Speech samples were collected for each child during standardized interactions. Percentage and types of disfluencies observed during speech samples are discussed. Although they did not have a clinical diagnosis of stuttering, all of the young children with ASD in this study produced disfluencies. In addition to stuttering-like disfluencies and other typical disfluencies, the children with ASD also produced atypical disfluencies, which usually are not observed in children with typically developing speech or developmental stuttering. (Yairi & Ambrose, 2005).

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