scholarly journals Pediatric Germ Cell Tumors: An Experience of 7 Years in a Tertiary Hospital of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
SM Rashed Zahangir Kabir ◽  
Md Waheed Akhtar ◽  
Farida Yasmin
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Childhood Malignancies

Introduction: Germ cell tumors are a group of tumors with different clinical presentation and histological and biological characteristics. Malignant germ cell tumors occur at all ages with a trend of bimodal distribution in infancy and adolescence. Objective: To evaluate the demographic characteristics, distribution of different types of germ cell tumor, treatment modalities and outcome of germ cell tumor in children in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh. Methods: In this retrospective study, data regarding age and sex distribution, location, types of tumors, management of germ cell tumor in children were retrieved from the medical records of pediatric oncology department in NICRH, Dhaka from 2008 to 2014. Results: Out of total 87 patients female were 50 and male 37. Most of the patients were up to 5 years of age. The gonadal germ cell tumors (80%) were more than extragonadal tumor (20%) in both male and female patients. The most common germ cell tumor was dysgerminoma (32%) followed by yolk sac tumor (29.8%) and teratoma (19.5%). Yolk Sac Tumor (51.4%) was the most common in male and dysgerminoma (56%) the commonest in female. Out of 87, seventy two (82.7%) received chemotherapy following surgery. Among those 72 patients who received chemotherapy 49 (68 %) patients completed their treatment. Until the last follow up 71.4% patients remained alive and tumor free. Conclusion: Germ cell tumors are the most variable tumor of all childhood malignancies that has difference in age, sex, location and histological subtypes. Gonadal tumors have better prognosis than extragonadal tumors in both the sex. DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(2) : 119-122

scholarly journals Yolk Sac Tumor of the Temporal Lobe: Case Report

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
Ana Machado ◽  
Ricardo Taipa ◽  
Manuel Pires ◽  
Carla Silva ◽  
Mário Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
High Grade Glioma ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Primary Tumors

AbstractGerm cell tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are usually located along the midline. Yolk sac tumor is a rare germ cell tumor very uncommonly located outside the midline, and, in such cases, it can be mistaken with other primary tumors. We report a case of a 32-year-old male patient who presented with a right temporal lobe tumor suggestive of a high grade glioma. He was submitted to a right temporal lobectomy with complete tumor removal. The histological exam revealed a germ cell tumor (later confirmed to be a yolk sac tumor). The search for a primary tumor outside of the CNS (including a positron emission tomography scan) was negative, making this a primary temporal lobe yolk sac tumor. The patient was submitted to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but died 7 months after the surgery.

scholarly journals Mixed Germ Cell Tumor with Extensive Yolk Sac Tumor Elements in the Frontal Lobe of an Adult

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Toshihide Takahashi ◽  
Eiichi Ishikawa ◽  
Yosuke Masuda ◽  
Tetsuya Yamamoto ◽  
Taiki Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Mixed Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Subtotal Removal

Intracranial nongerminomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs) in unusual locations are extremely rare. Here, we report a case of a yolk sac tumor in the frontal lobe in a middle-aged patient. A 42-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for headache and nausea. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an enhanced mass lesion with a marked cyst component. The serum alpha-fetoprotein (αFP) level was extremely high. Histological examination of specimens after subtotal removal revealed a primary mixed germ cell tumor with extensive yolk sac tumor elements, often referred to as an intracranial “yolk sac tumor.” The preoperative diagnosis of NGGCTs in unusual age and locations is extremely difficult. Clinicians should consider the possibility of NGGCTs, including yolk sac tumors, when intracranial tumors with unusual MRI findings are encountered.

scholarly journals The Role of Surgical Resection as A Salvage Therapy and Immunohistochemical Stain to Confirm Mediastinal Yolk Sac Tumor

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Dwi Agustina ◽  
◽  
Suryanti Pratiwi ◽  
Diah Retnani ◽  
Artono Isharanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Immunohistochemical Stain

Background: Mediastinal germ cell tumors are uncommon, representing less than 1% of all malignancies. They mostly occur in young men after puberty and have a poor prognosis with over all long term survival rate 42%. Case Report: We reported a case report in Saiful Anwar Malang Hospital, Indonesia, a young man, 26 years old with an anterior mediastinum tumor and VCSS The CT scan of the chest showed an anterosuperior mediastinal mass which compress the superior vena cava. The result from transthoracic FNAB with USG guidance showed an extragonadal germ cell tumor which resemble an Embryonal Carcinoma from mediastinum. The AFP serum level was elevated. Patient underwent a radiotherapy and a surgical debulking. The biopsy showed an Endodermal Sinus Tumor (Yolk Sac). Immunohistochemical stain for cytokeratin was positive in the tumor cells while stain for CD30 was negative. These were confirming the diagnosis of primary mediastinal yolk sac tumor. Patient received a combination chemotherapy for a total 6 cycles. Conclusion: Some procedures like biopsy, tumor marker, immunohistochemical stain, could differentiate the subtype of mediastinal germ cell tumor. The multimodality treatment by combining chemotherapy with surgical therapy or radiotherapy could increase the survival outcome of patients.

scholarly journals Mediastinal mixed germ cell tumor: A case report and literature review

Open Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 892-898
Author(s):  
Xianwen Hu ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
Jinhua Xia ◽  
Pan Wang ◽  
Jiong Cai
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Embryonal Carcinoma ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Immature Teratoma ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Ct Guided ◽  
Mixed Germ Cell Tumor

Abstract Mixed germ cell tumor (MGCT) mainly occurs in young women’s ovaries and men’s testicles and rarely occurs outside the gonad. Fewer than 10 cases of mediastinal MGCT are available in PubMed, Embase, and other databases in English, while mediastinal MGCT with three pathological components, such as yolk sac tumor, immature teratoma, and embryonal carcinoma, has not been reported previously. A 12-year-old male sought medical attention for chest discomfort and underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan. A large soft tissue mass occupying most of the left thoracic cavity and mediastinum was detected. A CT-guided biopsy was performed, and an MGCT was diagnosed with pathological components, including yolk sac tumor, immature teratoma, and a small amount of embryonal carcinoma. Due to the large size of the tumor, the patient was treated with an EP regimen (etoposide + cisplatin) and paclitaxel + ifosfamide + cisplatin interstitial chemotherapy. The patient was followed up for 6 months and was alive with the disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the 10th patient with MGCT in the mediastinum. The incidence of mediastinal MGCT is low, but it should still be considered one of the differential diagnoses of isolated pleural fibroma and neurogenic tumors.

Occurrence of metachronous pure germinomas long after treatment of a mixed germ cell tumor containing yolk sac tumor and germinoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Jinguji ◽  
Kouichirou Okamoto ◽  
Junichi Yoshimura ◽  
Yuichiro Yoneoka ◽  
Ryousuke Ogura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Mixed Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Prognosis Group

The authors report a rare case involving the occurrence of metachronous pure germinomas long after treatment of a mixed germ cell tumor (GCT) categorized as having a poor prognosis. A neurohypophysial germinoma occurred 4 years and 6 months after the initial treatment of a mixed pineal GCT containing a yolk sac tumor and a germinoma. Furthermore, intramedullary germinomas occurred 21 years after the initial treatment of the mixed GCT and 15 years after the second treatment of the neurohypophysial germinoma. The neurohypophysial germinoma was not confirmed histopathologically, but the intramedullary germinoma was histopathologically diagnosed as a pure germinoma. Serum α-fetoprotein levels at the second neurohypophysial and third intramedullary occurrences of the germinomas were less than 10 ng/ml. Therefore, no yolk sac components seemed to be contained in the tumors. The second neurohypophysial and third intramedullary germinomas might be recurrences of the germinoma component of the pineal mixed GCT, which consisted of a yolk sac tumor and a germinoma. However, it seems very unlikely that only the germinoma, categorized in the good prognosis group, would be the only one to recur. Hence, it seems plausible that both the second and the third occurrences of pure germinoma were de novo metachronous GCTs arising after the pineal mixed GCT was cured. The authors' case indicates the possibility of multicentric GCTs in the CNS.

scholarly journals A rare case of yolk sac tumor of the vagina: Cytology and histopathological findings

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Anil Dev Pant ◽  
Geeta Sayami ◽  
Viswanath Prasad ◽  
Anjan Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumors

Yolk sac tumors, the most common germ cell tumor in young infants and children, however, are distinctly uncommon site in the vagina. A baby with bleeding per vaginum since one month presented at 9 months of age with raised Serum α- fetoprotein (AFP) but normal levels of ß-HCG and CA-125 is reported. Fine needle aspiration from the mass yielded material suggestive of a germ cell tumor. The histopathological findings further confirmed the diagnosis of a yolk sac tumor. Key words: yolk sac tumor, endodermal sinus tumor, pediatric, vagina, germ cell tumor, α-fetoprotein (AFP) doi:10.3126/njog.v1i2.2402 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 63-65 Nov-Dec 2006

Successful treatment of non-midline primary malignant germ cell tumors with yolk sac components in neonates: report of 2 cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Weil ◽  
Natalie Mathews ◽  
Jean-Pierre Farmer ◽  
Christine St. Martin ◽  
Steffen Albrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Malignant Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
The Right

Here, the authors present 2 cases of nongerminomatous germ cell tumor (NGGCT): a neonate with a mixed malignant germ cell tumor, 5% yolk sac tumor (YST) and 95% immature teratoma components, originating from the right mesial temporal lobe; and a 2-month-old infant with a pure YST originating from the left middle cranial fossa. These tumors with yolk sac components, which are thought to have a poor prognosis, were successfully treated with complete tumor resection alone and subtotal tumor resection with chemotherapy, respectively. Event-free survival exceeds 5 years for each patient even though neither received radiotherapy. The authors highlight the role of radical surgery and the successful treatment of neonatal YST with aggressive resection (and chemotherapy in 1 case) while avoiding radiation therapy. They also report the very rare non-midline location of these neonatal NGGCTs and emphasize the importance of considering YSTs and mixed NGGCTs with YST components in the differential diagnosis of non-midline hemispheric or skull base tumors in newborns.

Site of metastases does not influence the clinical outcome of children with metastatic Germ Cell Tumors (GCT). A report from the Childrens Oncology Group (COG)

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9002-9002
Author(s):  
M. H. Malogolowkin ◽  
W. B. London ◽  
B. Cushing ◽  
R. Giller ◽  
M. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Metastatic Site ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumors

9002 Background: To describe the clinical outcome of children with metastatic GCT (stage IV) at diagnosis according to the primary metastatic site(s). Methods: From March 1990 to February 1996, 299 children and adolescents with stage III/IV gonadal and stage I-IV extragonadal GCT were eligible for a Pediatric Intergroup high-risk (HR) GCT trial. Patients were randomized to receive 4–6 courses of cisplatin (P) standard dose [ 20 mg/m2/day (d) × 5] or high-dose (HDP) [40 mg/m2/d × 5] with etoposide (E) 100 mg/m2/d × 5 and bleomycin (B) 15 mg/m2 on d1. We retrospectively investigated the outcome of patients with stage IV and compared their outcome according to metastatic site(s). Results: There were 133 patients with stage IV disease. The median age was 2.6 years (y) [range, 3 d-19.3 y], 70 were female. Primary sites included: 43 testicular, 14 ovarian, 76 extragonadal (45 sacroccocygeal, 28 mediastinal, 3 other). Histologies included: 66 pure yolk sac tumors, 21 immature teratomas and yolk sac tumors, 26 mixed germ cell tumors, 7 pure germinoma/seminoma/dysgerminomas, 1 immature teratoma with a non-classic germ cell tumor, 2 mixed germ cell tumor admixed with a nonclassic germ cell tumor, 5 pure choriocarcinomas, and 5 patients with unknown histology. There were no statistically significant differences in the 5-year EFS or OS rates by site of metastases. Of the 19 patients with either bone or brain involvement, 17 patients had bone and 3 had brain metastases. Conclusion: The outcome for patients with metastatic GCT is excellent with contemporary cisplatin-based regimes and is independent of the site of metastatic disease. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

YOLK SAC TUMOR OVARIUM

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Galuh Ayu Treswari ◽  
Bambang Soeprijanto ◽  
Indrastuti Normahayu ◽  
Lenny Violetta
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Cystic Mass ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Pelvic Cavity ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumors ◽  
Malignant Germ Cell Tumor

Yolk sac tumor called endodermal sinus tumor, is a rare and very malignant germ cell tumor. The second largest ovarian germ cell tumor after dysgerminoma, with an incidence of 1% of ovarian malignancies. Tumors usually appear as fast-growing masses in young women. The radiological imaging of this tumor is seen as a large dense cystic mass with heterogeneous enhancement, a component of dilated intratumoralblood vessels accompanied by an intralesional hemorrhagic focus. The best radiological modality is CT scan or MRI. CT imaging useful for distinguishing yolk sac tumors from other ovarian tumors. In this article was reported a case of ovarial york sac tumor in 7 years old girl. USGand CT scan examination showed solid with cystic mass in the pelvic cavity. Histologically was malignant germ cell as york sac tumor.

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