scholarly journals Multiple-site neural tube defects: embryogenesis with complete review of existing literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. E18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsh Deora ◽  
Dwarakanath Srinivas ◽  
Dhaval Shukla ◽  
B. Indira Devi ◽  
Ajit Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Neural Tube Closure ◽  
Present Series ◽  
Multiple Site ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Classic Theory

OBJECTIVEMultiple-site neural tube defects (MNTDs) are very uncommon, with the predominant number of cases being reported in developing countries. The classic theory of neural tube closure fails to explain the occurrence of these defects. Multisite closure theory, first proposed in 1995, explains most of the occurrences with a few modifications specific to a few defects. In this paper, the authors endeavor to explain all the defects, along with their genetic and embryological bases, and to review the available literature and discuss their own experience in the management of these complex cases.METHODSThe authors retrospectively reviewed the data of all the patients treated surgically for MNTDs over that past 14 years. All possible demographic data, clinical details, and radiological imaging data were reviewed. In addition, surgical parameters, complications, and status at follow-up of more than 12 months were evaluated. All previously reported cases of MNTD were analyzed, and comparisons with the present series were made.RESULTSA total of 3 major series (including the present one) on MNTDs have been from India. A total of 57 such cases (including those of the present series) have been reported in the available literature. While previous series reported a higher incidence of spinal defects, the present series had a higher rate of cephalic defects (55%). Among the reported cases, insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was necessary in 12 (26%), and only 4 patients were operated on in 2 stages. Neurological status at presentation dictated outcome.CONCLUSIONSMNTDs are extremely rare, and their embryogenesis is different from that of single neural tube defects. Simultaneous repair of 2 or even 3 defects is possible in a single-stage surgery. The requirement of a shunt is uncommon, and complications following surgery are rare. Folic acid supplementation may reduce the incidence of defects.

scholarly journals Mengenal Spina Bifida dan Pencegahannya

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 896-903
Author(s):  
Genta Faesal Atsani ◽  
Zanetha Mauly Ilawanda ◽  
Ilma Fahira Basyir
Keyword(s):  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Congenital Abnormality ◽  
Congenital Abnormalities ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Online Portal ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

Neural tube defects (NTD) are one of the birth defects or congenital abnormalities that occur in the brain and spine, and commonly find in newborns worldwide. Anencephaly and spina bifida are the two prevalent forms of NTD. The incidence of spina bifida happen on average 1 in 1000 cases of birth worldwide and there are 140,000 cases per year worldwide. Source searches were carried out on the online portal of journal publications as many as 20 sources from MedScape, Google Scholar and the Nation Center for Biotechnology Information / NCBI with the keywords “Neural tube defects (NTD), prevention, and spina bifida”. Spina bifida is a congenital abnormality that occurs in the womb due to a failure of closing process the neural tube during the first few weeks of embryonic development which causes the spine not completely close around the developing spinal cord nerves. NTD can ensue multifactorial conditions such as genetic, environmental, and folate deficiency. The use of folic acid supplementation starting at least 3 months before pregnancy, those are 400 mcg (0.4 mg) per day and 800 mcg per day during pregnancy can reduce the risk of developing neural tube defects such as spina bifida. Generally, spina bifida is undertaking by surgery and the regulation of patients comorbid. Public can find out prevention to avoid or reduce the risk of spina bifida so that the incidence of spina bifida can decrease along with the increasing awareness of the community regarding this disease.

Neural Tube Defects: Prevention by Vitamin Supplements

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-499
Author(s):  
R. W. Smithells
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Birth Defect ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Neural Tube Closure ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Vitamin Supplements ◽  
Tube Closure

Neural tube defects (NTD) have been the object of more intense epidemiologic study than any other kind of birth defect. This is in part because of their ready recognition at birth (and, in recent years, before birth) and in part because their consequences are usually catastrophic: they kill or they cripple. Regarding their cause, no single genetic or environmental agent has been identified (or is likely to be) and a multifactorial basis is assumed. If failure of neural tube closure results from the additive effects of several adverse factors, removal or correction of any one might shift the developmental balance across the threshold from NTD to normality.

Prevalence of Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) In And Around Varanasi Region: Some Observations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Pandey ◽  
Surendra Kumar Pandey ◽  
Praveen Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Pragati Shakya ◽  
Shashank Shekhar Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Birth Defect ◽  
Neural Tube Closure ◽  
The World ◽  
Typical Type ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
One Year ◽  
Congenital Disabilities ◽  
Tube Closure

Abstract Congenital anomalies are one of the primary causes of infant mortality and disability in the world. Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) are the most typical type of birth defect resulting from the failure of Neural tube closure. In this retrospective hospital-based study, the data of the children affected byneural tube defects (NTDs) were analyzed. Prevalence of Hydrocephalous, Myelomeningocele (MMC), Encephalocele, Lipo MMC, Meningocele, Spina Bifida Occulta among children with more or less than one year of age and their occurrence in males and females was studied. The frequency of occurrence of cases of neural tube defects was significantly less among all the congenital disabilities, i.e., 5% of total cases studied. The prevalence of myelomeningocele, hydrocephalous, and Encephalocele was higher than other types of NTDs. This study concludes that the prevalence of hydrocephalous and myelomeningocele in this area raises a concern to have more research of their etiology.

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