The Effect of Experimental Cerebral Concussion on the Blood Volume and the Pattern of Distribution of Radioactive Chromium-51 Tagged Red Blood Cells

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund A. Smolik ◽  
Francis P. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cerebral Concussion

Massive Transfusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
Jay Berger
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Massive Transfusion ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Frozen Plasma

Massive transfusion is defined as transfusion of 3 units of packed red blood cells in less than 1 hour in an adult, replacement of more than 1 blood volume in 24 hours, or replacement of more than 50% of blood volume in 3 hours. Massive transfusion protocols are implemented in cases of life-threatening hemorrhage after trauma, during a surgical procedure, or during childbirth. These protocols are intended to minimize the adverse effects of hypovolemia, dilutional anemia, metabolic complications, and coagulopathy with early empiric replacement of blood products and transfusion of fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and packed red blood cells in a composition that approximates that of whole blood.

Splenic red cell sequestration and blood volume measurements in conscious pigs

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (3) ◽  
pp. R293-R301 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Hannon ◽  
C. A. Bossone ◽  
W. G. Rodkey
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Epinephrine Injection ◽  
Volume Measurements

When estimated by the dilution of 51Cr-labeled red blood cells under nearly basal conditions, immature splenectomized pigs (n = 20) had a circulating red cell volume of 17.8 +/- 1.64 (SD) ml/kg. At an assumed body-to-large vessel hematocrit (BH:LH) ratio of 0.9, plasma volume was 49.6 +/- 3.12 ml/kg and blood volume 67.3 +/- 3.67 ml/kg. Sham-operated pigs (n = 20) had a circulating red cell volume of 16.2 +/- 1.39 ml/kg, a plasma volume of 51.1 +/- 3.42 ml/kg, and blood volume of 67.2 +/- 4.12 ml/kg. Kinetic analysis of early 51Cr loss from the circulating blood of the sham-operated pigs indicated a splenic red cell sequestration of 4.5 +/- 0.89 ml/kg and a t1/2 of 9.76 +/- 1.93 min for splenic red cell turnover. Epinephrine injection (n = 6) and physical restraint (n = 8) caused rapid mobilization of splenic red blood cells in sham-operated pigs. Volume estimates in splenectomized pigs (n = 7) based on simultaneous dilutions of 51Cr-labeled red blood cells and 125I-labeled bovine albumin gave circulating red cell, plasma, and blood volumes of 18.4 +/- 2.46, 60.7 +/- 4.01, and 79.0 +/- 3.51 ml/kg, respectively, and a BH:LH ratio of 0.756 +/- 0.029. The latter value may have reflected an overestimation of plasma volume by the 125I-labeled albumin procedure.

ACCURACY OF BLOOD VOLUME (BV) MEASUREMENT BY PULSE DYE DENSITOMETRY (PDD) COMPARED WITH MEASUREMENT BY 51Cr LABELED RED BLOOD CELLS (RBC)

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 113A
Author(s):  
Takasuke Imai ◽  
Akira Koike ◽  
Chieko Mitaka ◽  
Satosi Ohki ◽  
Yukitaka Isa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Blood Cells

Blood Volume of the Normal Female as Determined with P32 Labeled Red Blood Cells.

1951 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Berlin ◽  
G. M. Hyde ◽  
R. J. Parsons ◽  
J. H. Lawrence ◽  
S. Port
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Normal Female

scholarly journals Effect of Intra- and Post-Operative Fluid and Blood Volume on Postoperative Pulmonary Edema in Patients with Intraoperative Massive Bleeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 4224
Author(s):  
Young-Suk Kwon ◽  
Haewon Kim ◽  
Hanna Lee ◽  
Jong-Ho Kim ◽  
Ji-Su Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Massive Bleeding ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Blood Volumes

In patients with intraoperative massive bleeding, the effects of fluid and blood volume on postoperative pulmonary edema are uncertain. Patients with intraoperative massive bleeding who had undergone a non-cardiac surgery in five hospitals were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the association of postoperative pulmonary edema risk and intra- and post-operatively administered fluid and blood volumes in patients with intraoperative massive bleeding. In total, 2090 patients were included in the postoperative pulmonary edema analysis, and 300 patients developed pulmonary edema within 72 h of the surgery. The postoperative pulmonary edema with hypoxemia analysis included 1660 patients, and the condition occurred in 161 patients. An increase in the amount of red blood cells transfused per hour after surgery increased the risk of pulmonary edema (hazard ratio: 1.03; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.05) p = 0.013) and the risk of pulmonary edema with hypoxemia (hazard ratio: 1.04; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.07; p = 0.024). An increase in the red blood cells transfused per hour after surgery increased the risk of developing pulmonary edema. This increase can be considered as a risk factor for pulmonary edema.

scholarly journals Blood volume, plasma volume and circulation time in a high-energy-demand teleost, the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares)

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Brill ◽  
K Cousins ◽  
D Jones ◽  
P G Bushnell ◽  
J F Steffensen
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Yellowfin Tuna ◽  
Circulation Time ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Thunnus Albacares ◽  
Red Cell

We measured red cell space with 51Cr-labeled red blood cells, and dextran space with 500 kDa fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (FITC-dextran), in two groups of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). Red cell space was 13.8+/-0.7 ml kg-1 (mean +/- s.e.m.) Assuming a whole-body hematocrit equal to the hematocrit measured at the ventral aortic sampling site and no significant sequestering of 51Cr-labeled red blood cells by the spleen, blood volume was 46. 7+/-2.2 ml kg-1. This is within the range reported for most other teleosts (30-70 ml kg-1), but well below that previously reported for albacore (Thunnus alalunga, 82-197 ml kg-1). Plasma volume within the primary circulatory system (calculated from the 51Cr-labeled red blood cell data) was 32.9+/-2.3 ml kg-1. Dextran space was 37.0+/-3.7 ml kg-1. Because 500 kDa FITC-dextran appeared to remain within the vascular space, these data imply that the volume of the secondary circulatory system of yellowfin tuna is small, and its exact volume is not measurable by our methods. Although blood volume is not exceptional, circulation time (blood volume/cardiac output) is clearly shorter in yellowfin tuna than in other active teleosts. In a 1 kg yellowfin tuna, circulation time is approximately 0.4 min (47 ml kg-1/115 ml min-1 kg-1) compared with 1. 3 min (46 ml kg-1/35 ml min-1 kg-1) in yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) and 1.9 min (35 ml kg-1/18 ml min-1 kg-1) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In air-breathing vertebrates, high metabolic rates are necessarily correlated with short circulation times. Our data are the first to imply that a similar relationship occurs in fishes.

Splanchnic blood volume in traumatic shock

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 614-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Traumatic Shock ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Tourniquet Shock

The distribution of radioiodinated plasma and radioiron-labeled red blood cells between the liver, intestine and spleen were determined during the induction and development of tourniquet shock in mice. The data obtained indicate that plasma and red blood cells are distributed differentially throughout the splanchnic vasculature such that plasma volume of liver, intestine and spleen remain depressed for the entire shock interval, as does splenic red cell volume. After an early decline, the red cell volume of liver and intestine become elevated to a level above control. This differential distribution of plasma and red cells in liver and intestine is attributed to alterations in peripherovascular tone and suggests that a venous component becomes prominent late in shock and may act to pool blood out of active circulation.

Effect of polycythemia on vascular volume in the newborn dog

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (6) ◽  
pp. H830-H837
Author(s):  
M. H. Leblanc ◽  
K. Pate
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Vascular Volume

The effect of polycythemia [hematocrit (Hct) 64-80] on blood volume (BV) was studied in 27 unanesthetized, splenectomized newborn dogs (age 6-14 days, postsplenectomy 5-13 days). Normovolemic polycythemia (N) was induced in nine pups by exchange transfusion with 75 ml/kg of adult, packed (to Hct 95) red blood cells (RBC). Hypervolemic polycythemia (H) was induced in 11 pups by transfusion of RBC (50 ml/kg). Seven pups received exchange transfusion with 75 ml/kg of whole blood and served as controls (C). Red cell volume (RCV, 51CrRBC) and plasma volume (PV, 125I-fibrinogen and Evans blue) were measured prior to and at 1, 2, and 4 h after transfusion, before the pups received fluid orally. The pups were fed 8 ml X kg-1 X h-1 after 4 h, and measurements were repeated at 8 and 24 h. BV fell in C prior to 4 h by 10 +/- 4% (SD) (P less than 0.01) and then rose to initial levels. BV rose in the N pups by 17 +/- 9 (P less than 0.01), 14 +/- 5 (P less than 0.01), 9 +/- 10 (P less than 0.1), 17 +/- 9 (P less than 0.01), and 31 +/- 17% (P less than 0.01) at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h post transfusion. BV rose in the H pups by 41 +/- 8, 35 +/- 10, 23 +/- 11, 27 +/- 6, and 43 +/- 9% (all P less than 0.01). Thus newborn dogs with induced N or H equilibrate rapidly to a BV significantly higher than C levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Distribution and hematocrit ratios of blood in the rat

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (5) ◽  
pp. 1011-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Whole Body

The distribution of blood in the rat was investigated with Cr51 red blood cells and I131 plasma proteins. The hematocrit of blood obtained by decapitation may be assigned the value of 100. Then, the hematocrit of blood draining from the tissues was found to be 100, and for that which remains in the tissues the figure was 57. Since this fraction in the tissues was 18% of the blood volume, the hematocrit for the whole body must be between the two; the value found was go.

THE DETERMINATION OF BLOOD VOLUME WITH RED BLOOD CELLS CONTAINING RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS (P32)

Science ◽  
1942 ◽  
Vol 96 (2492) ◽  
pp. 323-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. BROWN ◽  
L. H. HEMPELMANN ◽  
R. ELMAN
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Radioactive Phosphorus
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