History of skeletal traction in the treatment of cervical spine injuries

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Loeser
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Spine Fractures ◽  
Skeletal Traction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Spine Injuries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cervical Spine Fractures ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Therapy of cervical spine fractures is reviewed from the time of the Egyptians (4000 B.C.) to the present day. Immobilization has been practiced for slightly more than a century; devices for exerting traction upon the skull have been in use for 37 years. The Renaissance surgeon, Fabricus Hildanus, designed a tool for exerting traction upon the cervical vertebrae, but this method did not become popular. Until the 20th century, few physicians considered the therapy of this common injury.

scholarly journals Cervical spine fractures in multiple injured patients in Kurdistan Region, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Spine Fractures ◽  
Cervical Injury ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Multiple Injured ◽  
Spine Injuries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cervical Spine Fractures ◽  
Time Of Admission

Objectives: The aim of study to describe the main types of cervical spine fractures presented to the emergency department and to illustrate the main aspects of management and outcome. Methods: This is a prospective study of 72 patients with cervical injury out of 932 male patients with history of multiple injuries. All patients with cervical spine injury were admitted within 1 week of injury and follow up thereafter by regular outpatient visit. Cervical spine injuries were diagnosed by full radiological assessment according to NEXUS criteria (plain x-ray with lateral, anteroposterior, odontoid views in addition to cervical spine C.T for indicated patients) and evaluated neurologically. Results: Mean age of patients at time of accident was 25 years ranging from 7-73years, 50% of them were in the third decade of life. Road traffic accidents constitute 58.3% of causes of cervical injury followed by fall from height (19.5%). Results has shown that mid and lower cervical spine injuries constitute 87.5% of all types of vertebra involved while upper cervical spine injuries constitute only 12.5% of them. Associated injuries were found in 42 patients (58.3%) and the most common associated injury was cerebral concussion. 50% of patients had no history of neural deficit at time of admission, while the others had neurological abnormalities (27.7%) of them with complete deficit at time of admission. The most common type of skeletal injury was wedge fracture (28 patients, 38.8%), followed by spinous process fracture and burst fracture (18 patients, 25% and 12 patients, 16.6%) respectively. Respiratory complications were the most common in our series (12 patients of 72, 16.6%) followed by an equal share of urinary tract infection and neck pain (7 patients, 9.7%). Conclusion: Traffic accident constitutes the main reason for cervical spine fractures followed by falls. Cervical spine fractures affect the younger age group with mean age of 25 year. A collar is sufficient treatment for more un displaced fractures. Seat belt is one of the restrains that shares in reduction of fatality and severity of cervical spine injuries.

Cervical spine injuries

2019 ◽  
pp. 789-800
Author(s):  
Calan Mathieson ◽  
Chris Barrett ◽  
Likhith Alakandy
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Neurological Injury ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Spine Fractures ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Heterogenous Group ◽  
Spine Injuries ◽  
Spine Surgeon ◽  
Cervical Spine Fractures

The management of cervical spine fractures is a complex and fascinating topic. A multitude of descriptive terminologies and classification systems have been developed over the years in an attempt to better understand this heterogenous group of patients. Despite this however, there is often little consensus with regards to the best way to manage this population. This chapter will predominantly discuss the decision-making process involved in the management of cervical spine fractures. The goal of the spine surgeon in managing patients with acute cervical spine injury is to prevent secondary neurological injury, deformity, and pain by re-establishing stability if necessary. Assessing how to achieve this goal can be very challenging. The surgeon will be faced with many questions. Which patients should undergo surgical intervention? Which operation will best stabilize the spine? Which patients should be treated with a collar or a halo vest? Does the injury require reduction with traction initially? There are also questions of timing. When should the surgeon plan the proposed procedure?

Xeroradiography in evaluation of cervical spine injuries

1978 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-621
Author(s):  
Norman D. Peters ◽  
George Ehni
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Lower Cervical Spine ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Spine Injuries ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Xeroradiography is a useful tool in the evaluation of fractures and dislocation of the lower cervical spine. It affords clear visualization with minimal manipulation or risk.

Cervical spine injuries

2010 ◽  
pp. 276-286
Author(s):  
George Samandouras
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Occipital Condyle ◽  
Spine Fractures ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Occipital Condyle Fracture ◽  
Subaxial Cervical Spine ◽  
Spine Injuries ◽  
Condyle Fracture ◽  
Cervical Spine Fractures

Chapter 6.6 covers cervical spine injuries, including atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD), occipital condyle fracture (OCF), fracture of the atlas: C1 (FOTA), fracture of the axis: C2 (FOAX), combination fractures: C1–C2, atlanto-axial instability (AAI), and subaxial cervical spine fractures.

Posterior cervical fusion in children

1976 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe M. McWhorter ◽  
Eben Alexander ◽  
Courtland H. Davis ◽  
David L. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Congenital Absence ◽  
Cervical Fusion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Spine Injuries ◽  
Posterior Cervical Fusion ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Six cases of posterior cervical fusion with rib grafts in children are reported. Four of the children had sustained cervical spine injuries in accidents, and two had congenital absence of the odontoid. Three-level fusions (C1–3) were done in four children, and four-level fusions (C1–4) in two. One child died of unrelated causes 3 months after the operation. The other five children have been followed for 5 to 13 years. All are doing well and each has a remarkably supple, stable neck and no neurological deficit.

Pediatric cervical spine injuries: report of 102 cases and review of the literature

2000 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Eleraky ◽  
Nicholas Theodore ◽  
Mark Adams ◽  
Harold L. Rekate ◽  
Volker K. H. Sonntag
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Retrospective Clinical Study ◽  
Spine Injuries ◽  
Cervical Injuries ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Group 1

Object. To evaluate and review their experience with pediatric cervical injuries and factors affecting outcome, the authors conducted a retrospective clinical study of 102 cases (65% boys, 35% girls) of pediatric cervical spine injuries treated in the last decade. This study is an extension of and comparison with their earlier experience. Methods. Patients were divided into two age groups—birth to 9 years (Group 1) and 10 to 16 years of age (Group 2)—and managed according to status at presentation and type of injury. Thirty patients were managed surgically and 72 nonsurgically (42 wore a halo brace and 30 wore hard collars or custom-molded braces). Motor vehicle accidents were the most common cause of injury, and 40% were associated with head injury. Patients in the younger-age group (Group 1) sustained more neurological injuries than the older patients in Group 2, and most injuries were in the upper cervical spine. Of the 38 children in Group 1, in 39% a subluxation was present and in 29% a fracture or fracture/subluxation was demonstrated. Of the patients in Group 2, 80% had sustained fractures or fracture/subluxations. Vertebral fractures were the most common radiological findings (32%). At late follow-up review (mean 5 years), solid fusions were demonstrated in all patients. Neurological deterioration did not occur in any patient. The mortality rate was 16%. Compared with the authors' earlier report, the incidence of cases with pediatric cervical injuries increased, as did the number managed surgically. Various fusion techniques were used, and neurological and fusion outcomes improved as compared with the previous report. Conclusions. The prognosis of neurological recovery from pediatric cervical spine injuries is related to the severity of the initial neurological injury. Management must be tailored to the patient's age, neurological status, and type and level of injury. Compared with our earlier experience, fusion and instrumentation procedures were used more frequently. Different types of fusion and instrumentation procedures can be performed safely in children and produce good outcomes.

scholarly journals 20 Cervical Spine Fragility Fractures in Older People: 5-Year Experience At A Regional Spine Centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i1-i8
Author(s):  
A M Tarawneh ◽  
S Taqvi ◽  
K M I Salem ◽  
O Sahota
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Older People ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Spine Fractures ◽  
Axial Complex ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Spine Injuries ◽  
Cervical Spine Fractures ◽  
Mechanism Of Trauma

Abstract Introduction Cervical spine fractures are particularly prevalent in older people and commonly occur following a fall from standing height or less, in the presence of degenerative spinal disease. Atlanto-axial complex and odontoid process injuries are the most frequent type of fractures and are potentially life threatening. Published in-hospital and 1-year mortality rates in older people are eightfold higher than in younger patients. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence and characteristics of cervical spine fractures in older people presenting to a regional spine centre. Methods Clinical records and radiographs were retrospectively reviewed using our institutional registry covering a 5-year period. Data included patient age, gender, mechanism of trauma, level of fracture, stability of the fracture, treatment modality, imaging modality, and mortality rates. Results A total of 209 patients above the age of 70 with cervical spine fractures were treated in our centre from 2015-2019. The mean age of the patients at the time of injury was (82.4 ±7.5) years with the majority (n=117; 56%) being females. One-hundred fifty-one patients (72.2%) experienced fractures in the atlanto-axial complex. Particularly, Dens fractures were the most commonly reported fracture (n=119; 56.9%). Most of the patients encountered stable cervical spine fractures (n=181; 86.6%) and these were managed by external immobilization with hard collar or halo vest. Mechanism of trauma was divided into two main categories, low energy and high energy. Low energy trauma was the most common cause that lead to cervical spine fractures (n=169; 80.9%), compared to high energy trauma (n=40; 19.1%). CT scan and X-ray were the main imaging modalities utilized to detect cervical spine fractures. Whereas, MRI was only utilized in (n=51; 24.4%). Overall mortality rate was (n=17; 8.1%) at 30 days. Out of which (n=1; 5.9%) was in a patient who was surgically treated while the remaining (n=16; 94.1%) were in those treated conservatively. Conclusions Cervical spine injuries in older people are clinically important. Low energy trauma particularly falls, were the main mechanism of cervical spine injury. Upper cervical spine injuries, mainly C2, is the most common cervical spine fracture and were most commonly detected using CT scan. External immobilization was our treatment of choice for most of the cervical spine injuries in the older people. These patients are very similar with respect to mean age, mechanism of injury and 30 days mortality rate as hip fracture patients.

Respiratory complications in traumatic quadriplegia

1973 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Bellamy ◽  
Fredrick W. Pitts ◽  
E. Shannon Stauffer
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Neurological Injury ◽  
Spine Fractures ◽  
Respiratory Complications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cervical Spine Fractures ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A 20-year series of 531 patients with cervical spine fractures or dislocations is reviewed, and the records of 54 quadriplegic patients are analyzed in detail. Tracheostomy, surgery, overhydration, advanced age, severity of neurological injury, and corticosteroid therapy are discussed as factors in pulmonary complications.

Cervical spine injuries in infants

1975 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Gaufin ◽  
Stanley J. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Fracture Dislocation ◽  
Hangman’S Fracture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Spine Injuries ◽  
Hangman's Fracture ◽  
Therapeutic Considerations ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Posterior Elements

✓ The authors point out the unique anatomical and therapeutic considerations involved in injuries of the cervical spine and cord in infants. The special problems encountered in the treatment of such patients are illustrated by three cases, a “Hangman's” fracture, a C6–7 fracture-dislocation, and an acute quadriparesis associated with dysgenesis of the posterior elements of C1–3.

Delayed intracranial migration of cervical sublaminar and interspinous wires and subsequent cerebellar abscess

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin L. Stevenson ◽  
Matthew Wetzel ◽  
Ian F. Pollack
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Neurological Injury ◽  
Cervical Fusion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cerebellar Abscess ◽  
Delayed Complication ◽  
History Of ◽  
Delayed Complications ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Delayed complications associated with sublaminar and interspinous wiring in the pediatric cervical spine are rare. The authors present a case of delayed complication in which a cervical fusion wire migrated into the cerebellum, causing subsequent cerebellar abscess 2 years after posterior cervical arthrodesis. A craniotomy was required to remove the wire and drain the abscess. Despite their history of safety and successful fusion, procedures involving sublaminar and interspinous wiring carry a risk of neurological injury secondary to wire migration. A thorough neuroimaging evaluation is required in patients who have undergone fusion and who have neurological complaints to detect late instrumentation-related sequelae.

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