Reversal of dementia in normotensive hydrocephalus after removal of a cauda equina tumor

1976 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin R. Bamford ◽  
Enrique L. Labadie
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fluid Reabsorption ◽  
Elevated Protein ◽  
Fine Print

✓ An elderly man presented with signs of normotensive hydrocephalus. Elevated protein content in the spinal fluid led to the diagnosis of an “asymptomatic” cauda equina neurilemoma and its removal. Within 6 weeks the patient's mental status had dramatically improved. Chronic transudation of plasma proteins including fibrinogen into the subarachnoid space had probably impeded spinal fluid reabsorption. It is suggested that the leakage of fibrinogen into the cerebrospinal fluid may be the cause of hydrocephalus in other clinical settings in which there is an elevation of the spinal fluid protein.

Spinal fluid-venous fistula: a mechanism for intravascular Pantopaque infusion during myelography

1974 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Lin ◽  
Joseph Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Venous Plexus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Venous Fistula ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Two cases of intravascular infusion of Pantopaque occurring during myelography are reported. Cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistula is described as the mechanism of escape of Pantopaque from the subarachnoid space into a venous plexus and as a possible explanation of postspinal intracranial hypotension.

The empty sella and some related syndromes

1972 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sixto Obrador
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Empty Sella ◽  
Empty Sella Syndrome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Diaphragma Sellae ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Syndrome Association

✓ A case of empty sella syndrome due to a benign intrasellar cyst leads the author to a review of variations in this syndrome. Association with intrasellar diverticuli of the subarachnoid space, deficiencies of the diaphragma sellae, and small pituitary glands are identified. Its relationship with certain headaches in women and to unexplained nontraumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea are discussed.

The effects of raised ICP on lymph flow in the cervical lymphatic trunks in cats

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Love ◽  
Ronald A. Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Large Molecules ◽  
Csf Pressure ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Lymph was collected from cervical lymphatic trunks of anesthetized cats under conditions of normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and again when the CSF pressure was elevated by infusing artificial CSF into the subarachnoid space at the cisterna magna. There was an immediate increase in lymph flow on initiation of the CSF infusion, but this increase was not maintained although the CSF infusion continued. Lymph protein concentrations fell when the CSF infusion started and remained depressed while the infusion of CSF continued. It is postulated that under steady-state conditions much of the CSF leaving the subarachnoid space via the cranial nerves enters the capillaries from the extravascular spaces, and that large molecules from the CSF, such as proteins, return to the blood via the lymphatic system.

The effect of dexamethasone phosphate on the production rate of cerebrospinal fluid in the spinal subarachnoid space of dogs

1973 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Sato ◽  
Makoto Hara ◽  
Takehiko Asai ◽  
Ryuichi Tsugane ◽  
Naoki Kageyama
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spinal Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Dexamethasone Phosphate ◽  
Maximal Reduction ◽  
Csf Production ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The effect of intravenous dexamethasone on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production was studied in dogs by a method of caudocephalad perfusion of the spinal subarachnoid space with an inulin-containing buffer. The CSF production rate began to reduce immediately after the injection of 0.15 mg/kg and attained a maximal reduction of 50% in 50 minutes.

Noninvasive optical imaging of the subarachnoid space and cerebrospinal fluid pathways based on near-infrared fluorescence

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 738-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Sakatani ◽  
Masaki Kashiwasake-Jibu ◽  
Yoshinori Taka ◽  
Shijie Wang ◽  
Huancong Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Injection Site ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spinal Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors have developed a noninvasive optical method to image the subarachnoid space and cerebrospinal fluid pathways in vivo based on the near-infrared fluorescence of indocyanine green (ICG). The ICG was bound to purified lipoproteins (ICG—lipoprotein) and injected into the subarachnoid space of neonatal and adult rats. The ICG fluorescence was detected by a cooled charge-coupled device camera. After injection of ICG—lipoprotein into the cerebral subarachnoid space of the neonatal rat, ICG fluorescence was clearly detected at the injection site through the skull and skin. The ICG fluorescence was observed in the cerebellum and the lumbar spinal cord 1 and 8 hours postinjection, respectively. After injection of ICG—lipoprotein into the lumbar spinal subarachnoid space of an adult rat, ICG fluorescence was observed from the injection site to the thoracic levels along the spinal subarachnoid space. In addition, with the rat's head tilted downward, ICG fluorescence had extended to the cerebral subarachnoid space by 1 hour postinjection. The ICG fluorescence imaging of the cerebral subarachnoid space demonstrated an increase in fluorescence intensity around the lambdoid suture and the forebrain. On dissection of the rat brain the former location was identified as the supracerebellar cistern and the latter as the olfactory cistern. The results of this study are the first to demonstrate that an optical technique is applicable to imaging of the subarachnoid space and cerebrospinal fluid pathways in vivo. In addition, ICG—lipoprotein provides a sensitive optical tracer for imaging extravascular biological structures. Finally, ICG fluorescence imaging does not require an intricate imaging system because ICG is localized near the surface of the body.

Primary pituitary aspergillosis responding to transsphenoidal surgery and combined therapy with amphotericin-B and 5-fluorocytosine

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelita Ramos-Gabatin ◽  
Richard M. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Transsphenoidal Surgery ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Single Patient ◽  
Pituitary Abscess ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Elevated Protein ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Pituitary abscess is an unusual cause of sella turcica enlargement. Because its presentation closely mimics that of a pituitary tumor, the condition is seldom recognized preoperatively. Most cases have been of bacterial etiology; however, a single patient with a primary mycotic pituitary abscess secondary to Aspergillus species has been reported. That patient died of diffuse Aspergillus meningoencephalitis following a transfrontal craniotomy. In the present case, a woman with primary pituitary aspergillosis survived her infection with virtually intact pituitary function following a transsphenoidal approach which avoided contamination of cerebrospinal fluid. Postoperative amphotericin-B and 5-fluorocytosine therapy probably contributed greatly to her survival. Factors that should alert the clinician to the presence of a pituitary abscess in a patient with sella turcica enlargement are prior episodes of meningitis, sinusitis, or cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities, including pleocytosis, depressed glucose, and elevated protein.

Cerebrospinal fluid may nourish cerebral vessels through pathways in the adventitia that may be analogous to systemic vasa vasorum

1982 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas T. Zervas ◽  
Theodore M. Liszczak ◽  
Marc R. Mayberg ◽  
Peter McL. Black
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Cerebral Vessels ◽  
Vasa Vasorum ◽  
Cerebral Blood Vessels ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Large Proteins ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Cerebral blood vessels are devoid of vasa vasorum. Therefore, the authors have studied the microarchitecture of the adventitia of large feline cerebral vessels and systemic vessels of the same size, in an effort to determine how the vessels are nourished. The cerebral vessels contain a rete vasorum in the adventitia that is permeable to large proteins and is in continuity with the subarachnoid space. This substructure may be analogous to the systemic vasa vasorum and may contribute to the nutrition of the cerebral arteries.

Spinal subarachnoid metastatic spread from non-neuraxial primary neoplasms

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. H. West
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spinal Subarachnoid Space ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Primary Neoplasms ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A rare case of metastasis to the spinal subarachnoid space from a non-neuraxial primary tumor is presented. Dissemination was shown by computerized tomography to be via the cerebrospinal fluid from secondary deposits in the central nervous system and meninges. This route would seem to be the most common mode of spread to the spinal subarachnoid space.

Radioisotope evaluation of experimental hydrosyringomyelia

1976 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Hall ◽  
John E. Kalsbeck ◽  
Henry N. Wellman ◽  
Robert L. Campbell ◽  
Sidney Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Central Canal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Spinal Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Kaolin-induced hydrosyringomyelia in dogs has been investigated by radioisotope ventriculography using both cerebrospinal fluid radioassay and scintigraphy. The hydromyelic central canal can be differentiated from the spinal subarachnoid space by scintigraphy. Serial studies show that hydromyelia arises rapidly to decompress the associated hydrocephalus in surviving animals. Syringomyelia, after a delayed onset, originates from the enlarged central canal. Radioisotope ventriculography may be a useful clinical aid in the diagnosis of hydrosyringomyelia.

Effect of positional changes and jugular vein compression on the pressure gradient across the arachnoid villi and granulations of the dog

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 722-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gordon Potts ◽  
Vishnu Deonarine
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Superior Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Venous Compression ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The pressure gradient between the distal subarachnoid space and the superior sagittal sinus was measured in dogs and the effects of positional changes and jugular venous compression investigated. This pressure gradient remained almost constant in the head-up, head-down, and horizontal positions. These findings would be consistent with a passive filtration system for the return of cerebrospinal fluid from the distal subarachnoid space to the superior sagittal sinus and adjacent veins. The pressure gradient rose with jugular venous compression.

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