Auditory evoked potentials recorded from the cochlear nucleus and its vicinity in man

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aage R. Møller ◽  
Peter J. Jannetta
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Peak ◽  
Auditory Brain Stem ◽  
Stimulation Of

✓ Intracranial responses from the auditory nerve and the cochlear nucleus were recorded from patients undergoing neurosurgical operations during which these structures were exposed. Responses to stimulation of the ipsilateral ear with short tonebursts from the vicinity of the cochlear nucleus show a large surface-negative peak, the latency of which is close to that of peak III in the auditory brain-stem evoked potentials recorded from scalp electrodes. There was also a response to contralateral stimulation, smaller in amplitude and with a longer latency. It is concluded that the cochlear nucleus is the main generator of peak III responses, and that structures of the ascending auditory pathway that are more central than the cochlear nucleus are unlikely to contribute to wave III of the auditory brain-stem evoked potentials.

Intraoperative monitoring of brain-stem auditory evoked potentials

1982 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 674-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty L. Grundy ◽  
Peter J. Jannetta ◽  
Phyllis T. Procopio ◽  
Agnes Lina ◽  
J. Robert Boston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Intraoperative Monitoring ◽  
Cerebellopontine Angle ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Irreversible Loss ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complete Obliteration ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) were monitored during 54 neurosurgical operations in the cerebellopontine angle. The BAEP were irreversibly obliterated in five patients who required deliberate section of the auditory nerve. Technical difficulties interfered with monitoring in three cases, and three patients had deafness and absent BAEP preoperatively. Reversible alterations in BAEP were seen during 32 operations, with recovery after as long as 177 minutes of virtually complete obliteration. Changes in BAEP were associated with surgical retraction, operative manipulation, positioning of the head and neck for retromastoid craniectomy, and the combination of hypocarbia and moderate hypotension. In 19 cases, waveforms improved after specific interventions made by the surgeon or anesthesiologist because of deteriorating BAEP. In 13 other cases, BAEP recovered after maneuvers not specifically related to the electrophysiological monitoring, most often completion of operative manipulation. Whenever BAEP returned toward normal by the end of anesthesia, even after transient obliteration, hearing was preserved. Irreversible loss of BAEP occurred only when the auditory nerve was deliberately sacrificed. The authors conclude that monitoring of BAEP may help prevent injury to the auditory nerve and brain stem during operations in the cerebellopontine angle.

Intraoperative monitoring of brain-stem auditory evoked potentials

1982 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Raudzens ◽  
Andrew G. Shetter
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Additional Patient ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intracranial Surgery ◽  
Surgical Measures ◽  
Evoked Potential Monitoring ◽  
Operating Surgeon

✓ Intraoperative brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP's) were monitored in 46 patients undergoing intracranial surgery for a variety of pathological conditions to determine whether this technique was capable of providing useful information to the operating surgeon. Intraoperative BAEP's were unchanged throughout surgery in 34 patients (74%), and these individuals had no postoperative hearing deficits. Four patients (9%) developed an abrupt ipsilateral loss of all waveform components beyond Wave I and had postoperative evidence of a pronounced hearing loss in the affected ear. An additional patient demonstrated BAEP loss contralateral to the side of surgery, and this was associated with subsequent signs of severe brain-stem dysfunction. Seven patients (15%) developed intraoperative delays of BAEP waveform latency values, but maintained recognizable waveforms beyond Wave I. Postoperatively, their hearing was either normal or mildly impaired, and there were no indications of other brain-stem abnormalities. This group represents the individuals who may have been benefited by evoked potential monitoring, since corrective surgical measures were taken when latency delays were observed. Intraoperative BAEP's can be reliably and routinely recorded in an operating room environment. They provide a good predictor of postoperative auditory status, and may have prevented permanent neurological deficits in a small segment of patients by alerting the surgeon to potentially reversible abnormalities.

Brain Stem Responses Evoked by Stimulation of the Mature Cochlear Nucleus With an Auditory Brain Stem Implant

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin OʼDriscoll ◽  
Wael El-Deredy ◽  
Richard T. Ramsden
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Auditory Brain Stem ◽  
Stimulation Of

Auditory Brain Stem Implant: Electrical Stimulation of the Human Cochlear Nucleus

2015 ◽  
pp. 248-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Portillo ◽  
R. A. Nelson ◽  
D. E. Brackmann ◽  
W. E. Hitselberger ◽  
R. V. Shannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Auditory Brain Stem ◽  
Stimulation Of

Stimulation-mapping of the upper human auditory pathway

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald R. Tasker ◽  
L. W. Organ
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medial Geniculate ◽  
Stimulation Of

✓ Auditory hallucinations were produced by electrical stimulation of the human upper brain stem during stereotaxic operations. The responses were confined to stimulation of the inferior colliculus, brachium of the inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body, and auditory radiations. Anatomical confirmation of an auditory site was obtained in one patient. The hallucination produced was a low-pitched nonspecific auditory “paresthesia” independent of the structure stimulated, the conditions of stimulation, or sonotopic factors. The effect was identical to that reported from stimulating the primary auditory cortex, and virtually all responses were contralateral. These observations have led to the following generalizations concerning electrical stimulation of the somesthetic, auditory, vestibular, and visual pathways within the human brain stem: the hallucination induced in each is the response to comparable conditions of stimulation, is nonspecific, independent of stimulation site, confined to the primary pathway concerned, chiefly contralateral, and identical to that induced by stimulating the corresponding primary auditory cortex. No sensory responses are found in the brain stem corresponding to those from the sensory association cortex.

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