Resting Energy Expenditure Can Be Assessed by Fat-Free Mass in Female Athletes Regardless of Body Size

Predictive resting metabolic rate (RMR) equations are widely used to determine athletes’ resting energy expenditure (REE). However, it remains unclear whether these predictive RMR equations accurately predict REE in the athletic populations. The purpose of the study was to compare 12 prediction equations (Harris-Benedict, Mifflin, Schofield, Cunningham, Owen, Liu’s, De Lorenzo) with measured RMR in Turkish national team athletes and sedentary controls. A total of 97 participants, 49 athletes (24 females, 25 males), and 48 sedentary (28 females, 20 males), were recruited from Turkey National Olympic Teams at the Ministry of Youth and Sports. RMR was measured using a Fitmate GS (Cosmed, Italy). The results of each 12 prediction formulas were compared with the measured RMR using paired t-test. The Bland-Altman plot was performed to determine the mean bias and limits of agreement between measured and predicted RMRs. Stratification according to sex, the measured RMR was greater in athletes compared to controls. The closest equation to the RMR measured by Fitmate GS was the Harris-Benedict equation in male athletes (mean difference -8.9 (SD 257.5) kcal/day), and Liu’s equation [mean difference -16.7 (SD 195.0) kcal/day] in female athletes. However, the intra-class coefficient (ICC) results indicated that all equations, including Harris-Benedict for male athletes (ICC = 0.524) and Liu’s for female athletes (ICC = 0.575), had a moderate reliability compared to the measured RMR. In sedentary subjects, the closest equation to the measured RMR is the Nelson equation in males, with the lowest RMSE value of 118 kcal/day [mean difference: 10.1 (SD 117.2) kJ/day], whereas, in females, all equations differ significantly from the measured RMR. While Nelson (ICC = 0.790) had good and Owen (ICC = 0.722) and Mifflin (calculated using fat-free mass) (ICC = 0.700) had moderate reliability in males, all predictive equations showed poor reliability in females. The results indicate that the predictive RMR equations failed to accurately predict RMR levels in the participants. Therefore, it may not suitable to use them in determining total energy expenditure.

Download Full-text

Fat-Free Mass Can Be Utilized to Assess Resting Energy Expenditure for Male Athletes of Different Body Size

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology ◽

10.3177/jnsv.57.394 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 394-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Satomi OSHIMA ◽

Sakiho MIYAUCHI ◽

Hiroshi KAWANO ◽

Toshimichi ISHIJIMA ◽

Meiko ASAKA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Resting Energy

Download Full-text

Resting energy expenditure is lower in Japanese female athletes with menstrual disorders than in eumenorrheic athletes

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine ◽

10.7600/jpfsm.11.35 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 35-42

Author(s):

Kuniko Moto ◽

Mika Goshozono ◽

Suguru Torii ◽

Akira Namba ◽

Motoko Taguchi

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Menstrual Disorders ◽

Japanese Female ◽

Resting Energy

Download Full-text

Resting Energy Expenditure in Obese Women with Primary Hypothyroidism and Appropriate Levothyroxine Replacement Therapy

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgaa097 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. e1741-e1748 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Emanuele Muraca ◽

Stefano Ciardullo ◽

Alice Oltolini ◽

Francesca Zerbini ◽

Eleonora Bianconi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Primary Hypothyroidism ◽

Normal Serum ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Women ◽

Resting Energy

Abstract Context Growing evidence suggests that appropriate levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy may not correct the full set of metabolic defects afflicting individuals with hypothyroidism. Objective To assess whether obese subjects with primary hypothyroidism are characterized by alterations of the resting energy expenditure (REE). Design Retrospective analysis of a set of data about obese women attending the outpatients service of a single obesity center from January 2013 to July 2019. Patients A total of 649 nondiabetic women with body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 and thyrotropin (TSH) level 0.4–4.0 mU/L were segregated into 2 groups: patients with primary hypothyroidism taking LT4 therapy (n = 85) and patients with normal thyroid function (n = 564). Main outcomes REE and body composition assessed using indirect calorimetry and bioimpedance. Results REE was reduced in women with hypothyroidism in LT4 therapy when compared with controls (28.59 ± 3.26 vs 29.91 ± 3.59 kcal/kg fat-free mass (FFM)/day), including when adjusted for age, BMI, body composition, and level of physical activity (P = 0.008). This metabolic difference was attenuated only when adjustment for homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was performed. Conclusions This study demonstrated that obese hypothyroid women in LT4 therapy, with normal serum TSH level compared with euthyroid controls, are characterized by reduced REE, in line with the hypothesis that standard LT4 replacement therapy may not fully correct metabolic alterations related to hypothyroidism. We are not able to exclude that this feature may be influenced by the modulation of insulin sensitivity at the liver site, induced by LT4 oral administration.

Download Full-text

Anthropometric measured fat-free mass as essential determinant of resting energy expenditure for pregnant and non-pregnant women

Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.nut.2010.09.001 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (9) ◽

pp. 885-890 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Miloslav Hronek ◽

Petr Klemera ◽

Jindrich Tosner ◽

Dana Hrnciarikova ◽

Zdenek Zadak

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Resting Energy

Download Full-text

Metabolically active components of fat-free mass and resting energy expenditure in humans: recent lessons from imaging technologies

Obesity Reviews ◽

10.1046/j.1467-789x.2002.00057.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 113-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 138

Author(s):

M. J. Muller ◽

A. Bosy-Westphal ◽

D. Kutzner ◽

M. Heller

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Active Components ◽

Imaging Technologies ◽

Resting Energy

Download Full-text

Resting energy expenditure in girls with Turner syndrome

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2016-0295 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Gerhard Binder ◽

Laura Frank ◽

Julian Ziegler ◽

Gunnar Blumenstock ◽

Roland Schweizer

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Short Stature ◽

Turner Syndrome ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Gh Treatment ◽

Age Related ◽

Resting Energy

AbstractBackground:Knowledge concerning energy metabolism in Turner syndrome (TS) is lacking. We compared the resting energy expenditure per fat-free mass (REE/FFM) in TS with other girls with short stature treated with growth hormone (GH) and age-related controls.Methods:We measured prospectively REE by spirometry under fasting conditions in the morning in 85 short prepubertal girls at the start of GH treatment. Diagnoses were TS (n=20), GH deficiency (GHD) (n=38) and small for gestational age (SGA) short stature (n=27). Additionally, 20 age-related controls were studied. Mean ages were 8.3 (TS), 7.1 (GHD), 6.9 (SGA) and 8.5 years (controls). Mean heights were −2.90 (TS), −3.32 (GHD), −3.69 (SGA) and −0.03 standard deviation scores (SDS) (controls). FFM was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).Results:At the start of GH girls with TS showed insignificantly higher REE per FFM (REE/FFM) (mean±SD; 65±9 kcal/kg×day) than did the other female patients (62±9 kcal/kg×day) (p>0.23). The healthy controls had significantly lower REE/FFM (35±4 kcal/kg×day) (p<0.001). Follow-up examination of the patients after 6 or 12 months revealed decreasing REE/FFM in TS (62±9 kcal/kg×day) resulting in comparable REE/FFM in all three patient groups.Conclusions:At baseline short girls with TS had insignificantly higher REE/FFM than short children with SGA or GHD, but in follow-up this difference was not detectable any more. Future studies are necessary to understand this observation.

Download Full-text