Resting energy expenditure in girls with Turner syndrome

AbstractBackground:Knowledge concerning energy metabolism in Turner syndrome (TS) is lacking. We compared the resting energy expenditure per fat-free mass (REE/FFM) in TS with other girls with short stature treated with growth hormone (GH) and age-related controls.Methods:We measured prospectively REE by spirometry under fasting conditions in the morning in 85 short prepubertal girls at the start of GH treatment. Diagnoses were TS (n=20), GH deficiency (GHD) (n=38) and small for gestational age (SGA) short stature (n=27). Additionally, 20 age-related controls were studied. Mean ages were 8.3 (TS), 7.1 (GHD), 6.9 (SGA) and 8.5 years (controls). Mean heights were −2.90 (TS), −3.32 (GHD), −3.69 (SGA) and −0.03 standard deviation scores (SDS) (controls). FFM was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).Results:At the start of GH girls with TS showed insignificantly higher REE per FFM (REE/FFM) (mean±SD; 65±9 kcal/kg×day) than did the other female patients (62±9 kcal/kg×day) (p>0.23). The healthy controls had significantly lower REE/FFM (35±4 kcal/kg×day) (p<0.001). Follow-up examination of the patients after 6 or 12 months revealed decreasing REE/FFM in TS (62±9 kcal/kg×day) resulting in comparable REE/FFM in all three patient groups.Conclusions:At baseline short girls with TS had insignificantly higher REE/FFM than short children with SGA or GHD, but in follow-up this difference was not detectable any more. Future studies are necessary to understand this observation.

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Resting Energy Expenditure and Related Factors in 6- to 9-Year-Old Southern African Children of Diverse Population Groups

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061983 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1983

Author(s):

Adeline Pretorius ◽

Paola Wood ◽

Piet Becker ◽

Friedeburg Wenhold

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Population Group ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

African Women ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Resting Energy

Lower resting energy expenditure (REE) may partially explain the disproportionate prevalence of overweight/obesity among black African women. As no previous studies have investigated the REE of Southern African (South. Afr.) children, we aimed to determine, by sex and population group, the REE of 6- to 9-year-old urban school children. In a cross-sectional study with quota sampling, REE was measured with indirect calorimetry (IC). Confounders considered were: body composition (BC) (fat-free mass (FFM), FFM index, fat mass (FM), FM index), assessed using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, and physical activity (PA) measured with a pedometer. Multivariate regression was used to calculate REE adjusted for phenotypes (BC, z-scores of weight-for-age, height-for-age, body mass index-for-age) and PA. Sex and population differences in REE were determined with two-way ANOVA. Ninety-four healthy children (59.6% girls; 52.1% black) with similar socioeconomic status and PA opportunities participated. Despite BC variations, sex differences in REE were not significant (41 kcal/day; P = 0.375). The REE of black participants was lower than of white (146 kcal/day; P = 0.002). When adjusted for FFM and HFA z-score, the differences in REE declined but remained clinically meaningful at 91 kcal/day (P = 0.039) and 82 kcal/day (P = 0.108), respectively. We recommend the development of population-specific REE prediction equations for South. Afr. children.

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Metabolically active components of fat free mass and resting energy expenditure in nonobese adults

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.2000.278.2.e308 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 278 (2) ◽

pp. E308-E315 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

Kirsten Illner ◽

Gisbert Brinkmann ◽

Martin Heller ◽

Anja Bosy-Westphal ◽

Manfred J. Müller

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Standard Error ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Active Components ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis ◽

Resting Energy

Resting energy expenditure (REE) and components of fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed in 26 healthy nonobese adults (13 males, 13 females). Detailed body composition analyses were performed by the combined use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and anthropometrics. We found close correlations between REE and FFMBIA ( r = 0.92), muscle massDEXA( r = 0.89), and sum of internal organsMRI( r = 0.90). In a multiple stepwise regression analysis, FFMBIA alone explained 85% of the variance in REE (standard error of the estimate 423 kJ/day). Including the sum of internal organsMRI into the model increased the r 2 to 0.89 with a standard error of 381 kJ/day. With respect to individual organs, only skeletal muscleDEXAand liver massMRI significantly contributed to REE. Prediction of REE based on 1) individual organ masses and 2) a constant metabolic rate per kilogram organ mass was very close to the measured REE, with a mean prediction error of 96 kJ/day. The very close agreement between measured and predicted REE argues against significant variations in specific REEs of individual organs. In conclusion, the mass of internal organs contributes significantly to the variance in REE.

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The Age-Related Decline in Resting Energy Expenditure in Humans Is Due to the Loss of Fat-Free Mass and to Alterations in Its Metabolically Active Components

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/133.7.2356 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 133 (7) ◽

pp. 2356-2362 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Anja Bosy-Westphal ◽

Christine Eichhorn ◽

Doris Kutzner ◽

Kirsten Illner ◽

Martin Heller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Active Components ◽

Age Related ◽

Resting Energy

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Impact of Protein Intake during Weight Loss on Preservation of Fat-Free Mass, Resting Energy Expenditure, and Physical Function in Overweight Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Obesity Facts ◽

10.1159/000514427 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Isabell Englert ◽

Anja Bosy-Westphal ◽

Stephan C. Bischoff ◽

Kathrin Kohlenberg-Müller

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Physical Function ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

The Impact ◽

Resting Energy

Introduction: Weight loss in old age increases the risk of sarcopenia caused by the age-related reduction of fat-free mass (FFM). Due to the strong correlation between FFM and resting energy expenditure (REE), the maintenance of this must also be considered. Besides, the physical function (PF) must be maintained. Objective: The impact of protein intake on changes in FFM, REE, and PF during weight loss in overweight postmenopausal women was investigated. Methods: Fifty-four postmenopausal women (BMI 30.9 ± 3.4; age 59 ± 7 years) were randomized into 2 groups receiving energy-restricted diets with either 0.8 g (normal protein; NP) or 1.5 g protein/kg body weight (high protein; HP) for 12 weeks, followed by a 6-month follow-up phase with an ad libitum food intake. FFM, REE, and PF (strength, endurance, and balance) were measured at baseline, after weight loss, and after follow-up. Results: Forty-six women completed the weight loss intervention and 29 were followed up. The weight loss was –4.6 ± 3.6 kg (HP) and –5.2 ± 3.4 kg (NP; both p < 0.001) and the weight regain during follow-up was 1.3 ± 2.8 kg (HP; p = 0.03) and 0.4 ± 2.5 kg (NP; p = 0.39), with no differences between groups. Similar decreases in FFM (–0.9 ± 1.1 [HP] vs. –1.0 ± 1.3 kg [NP]) and REE (–862 ± 569 [HP] vs. –1,000 ± 561 kJ [NP]; both p < 0.001) were observed in both groups. During follow-up, no changes in FFM were detected in either group, whereas in the NP group the REE increased again (+138 ± 296; p = 0.02). The main determinants of FFM loss were the energy deficit and the speed of weight loss. In the NP group, the Short Physical Performance Battery score improved with weight loss (+0.6 ± 0.8; p < 0.001) and handgrip strength decreased (–1.7 ± 3.4 kg; p < 0.001), whereas no changes were observed in the HP group. Conclusions: An HP weight-loss diet without exercise had no impact on preservation of FFM and REE but may help to maintain muscle strength in postmenopausal women.

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Resting energy expenditure in short-stature children

Endocrine Journal ◽

10.1507/endocrj.ej11-0138 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 265-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yukiko Nishimoto ◽

Shinobu Ida ◽

Yuri Etani ◽

Shuichi Miyatani

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Short Stature ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Resting Energy

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Resting Energy Expenditure in Obese Women with Primary Hypothyroidism and Appropriate Levothyroxine Replacement Therapy

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgaa097 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. e1741-e1748 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Emanuele Muraca ◽

Stefano Ciardullo ◽

Alice Oltolini ◽

Francesca Zerbini ◽

Eleonora Bianconi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Primary Hypothyroidism ◽

Normal Serum ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Women ◽

Resting Energy

Abstract Context Growing evidence suggests that appropriate levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy may not correct the full set of metabolic defects afflicting individuals with hypothyroidism. Objective To assess whether obese subjects with primary hypothyroidism are characterized by alterations of the resting energy expenditure (REE). Design Retrospective analysis of a set of data about obese women attending the outpatients service of a single obesity center from January 2013 to July 2019. Patients A total of 649 nondiabetic women with body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 and thyrotropin (TSH) level 0.4–4.0 mU/L were segregated into 2 groups: patients with primary hypothyroidism taking LT4 therapy (n = 85) and patients with normal thyroid function (n = 564). Main outcomes REE and body composition assessed using indirect calorimetry and bioimpedance. Results REE was reduced in women with hypothyroidism in LT4 therapy when compared with controls (28.59 ± 3.26 vs 29.91 ± 3.59 kcal/kg fat-free mass (FFM)/day), including when adjusted for age, BMI, body composition, and level of physical activity (P = 0.008). This metabolic difference was attenuated only when adjustment for homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was performed. Conclusions This study demonstrated that obese hypothyroid women in LT4 therapy, with normal serum TSH level compared with euthyroid controls, are characterized by reduced REE, in line with the hypothesis that standard LT4 replacement therapy may not fully correct metabolic alterations related to hypothyroidism. We are not able to exclude that this feature may be influenced by the modulation of insulin sensitivity at the liver site, induced by LT4 oral administration.

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