scholarly journals The role of water in volcanism

Author(s):  
G. I. Arsanova

Water plays an extremely important role in volcanism: it acts as an evacuator of viscous melts in a variety of ways, which is ensured by the presence of relevant properties of its phase states, which successively changing with the fall of the environmental parameters. In this sense, the supercritical (fluid) state of water is especially significant. The paper provides a summary of fluid properties that are unique in many ways. The properties determine the relationship between water fluid and silicate melt, which in turn explains the cause of volcanic phenomena and the course of eruptions: explosions of different power, the emergence of the so-called fluidized mass, scorching clouds, landslides and breakthroughs on the slopes, the formation of ignimbrites, as well as the mechanism of gas transport to the foot of volcanoes. Both by role and quantity, water is the main volcanic substance, which together with the silicate melt constitutes magma.

2015 ◽  
Vol 233-234 ◽  
pp. 750-753
Author(s):  
Valerii V. Bazarov ◽  
Pavel N. Togulev ◽  
Farkhad A. Nizamov ◽  
Nikolay M. Lyadov ◽  
Svetlana N. Ivicheva ◽  
...  

Microwave absorption histeresis is measured in superconducting composites, prepared from MgB2 , carbon nanotubes, graphene particles and iron nanoparticles. Iron nanoparticles were synthesized with using of isopropanol in the supercritical fluid state. Measurements showed that the greatest increase in the pinning force is observed in the “MgB2 – (CNT-α-Fe)” composite.


2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1180-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameer Abed Jaddoa ◽  
A. A. Zakharov ◽  
T. R. Bilalov ◽  
R. R. Nakipov ◽  
I. R. Gabitov ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1690
Author(s):  
Joildes Brasil dos Santos ◽  
Selma Simões de Castro

O caráter coeso do solo é utilizado pelo SiBCS - Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos, para solos que apresentam horizonte extremamente endurecido entre 30-70cm de profundidade, caracterizado por forte adensamento natural, cuja a origem ainda não é conclusiva, embora se destaque o processo de silicificação e de argiluviação como as principais. Ocorrem em regiões semiáridas e áridas, como no NE brasileiro, onde estão associados aos tabuleiros costeiros sustentados por sedimentos terciários e quaternários, como os do Grupo Barreiras, onde são mais estudados. Fora dessa Formação são pouco conhecidos, como na Depressão do São Francisco-BA onde solos com horizontes endurecidos sugerem presença de solos coesos. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo se propõe a discutir a relação entre o caráter coeso nos solos e os parâmetros físico-ambientais da paisagem, mais especificamente da Fazenda Caracol-BA, em que tais horizontes vêm dificultando a atividade agrícola. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir da construção de um banco de dados georreferenciados no software Arcgis 10.1 relativos a altitude e declividade gerados a partir de imagens SRTM (TOPODATA), os dados de solos foram do Relatório de Levantamento Pedológico da própria fazenda e os dados de uso e cobertura foram gerados a partir da classificação das imagens Landsat-8 segundo as normas do IBGE. Entre os parâmetros analisados, destaca-se o papel da sílica e da argila, que a partir de interpolações dessas variáveis foram núcleos de acumulação de argila entre 0-20 e 20-40cm, e de sílica a partir de 100cm de profundidade, indicando possível ocorrência do caráter coeso nos solos estudados, embora diferente do preconizado pelo SiBCS.   A B S T R A C T The cohesive nature of the soil is used by the Brazilian System of Soil Classification, for soils with extremely hardened horizon between 30-70cm deep, characterized by strong natural densification, whose origin is still not conclusive, although it highlighted the process of silicification and Argilluviation as the main. Occur in semi-arid and arid regions, such as the Brazilian NE, which are associated with coastal tablelands supported by tertiary and quaternary sediments, such as the Barreiras Group. Out of this formation are not well known, as in the Depression of the San Francisco-BA where soils with hardened horizons suggest the presence of cohesive soils. In this sense, this article aims to discuss the relationship between the cohesive character in the soil and the physical and environmental parameters of the landscape, specifically the Treasury Snail-BA, where these horizons have hindered agricultural activity. The survey was conducted from building a georeferenced database on 10.1 Arcgis software for the altitude and steepness generated from SRTM images (TOPODATA) .The soil data were from the farm itself Pedological Survey Report and data use and coverage were generated from the Landsat-8 image classification. Among the analyzed parameters, there is the role of silica and clay. From the interpolations of both variables were identified clay accumulation cores between 0-20 and 20-40cm deep, and silica from 100cm depth, indicating possible occurrence of cohesive character in the soils, although different from recommended by SiBCS.. Keywords: Character Cohesive, Physical Environmental Parameters, cementing agents   


2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (14) ◽  
pp. 143303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichiro Urabe ◽  
Toru Kato ◽  
Sven Stauss ◽  
Shohei Himeno ◽  
Satoshi Kato ◽  
...  

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1281-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A. Behles ◽  
Joseph M. DeSimone

CO2 can be a good solvent for many compounds when used in its compressed liquid or supercritical fluid state. Above its critical temperature and critical pressure (Tc = 31 C, Pc = 73.8 bar), CO2 has liquid-like densities and gas-like viscosities, which allows for safe commercial and laboratory operating conditions. Many small molecules are readily soluble in CO2, whereas most macromolecules are not. This has prompted development of several classes of small molecule and polymeric surfactants that enable emulsion and dispersion polymerizations as well as other technological processes.


2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1240-1244
Author(s):  
E. N. Alexandrov ◽  
N. M. Kuznetsov ◽  
G. P. Brusova ◽  
A. V. Shlyakhtin ◽  
A. L. Petrov ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.


Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Joiner ◽  
Melanie A. Hom ◽  
Megan L. Rogers ◽  
Carol Chu ◽  
Ian H. Stanley ◽  
...  

Abstract. Background: Lowered eye blink rate may be a clinically useful indicator of acute, imminent, and severe suicide risk. Diminished eye blink rates are often seen among individuals engaged in heightened concentration on a specific task that requires careful planning and attention. Indeed, overcoming one’s biological instinct for survival through suicide necessitates premeditation and concentration; thus, a diminished eye blink rate may signal imminent suicidality. Aims: This article aims to spur research and clinical inquiry into the role of eye blinks as an indicator of acute suicide risk. Method: Literature relevant to the potential connection between eye blink rate and suicidality was reviewed and synthesized. Results: Anecdotal, cognitive, neurological, and conceptual support for the relationship between decreased blink rate and suicide risk is outlined. Conclusion: Given that eye blinks are a highly observable behavior, the potential clinical utility of using eye blink rate as a marker of suicide risk is immense. Research is warranted to explore the association between eye blink rate and acute suicide risk.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document