scholarly journals PARÂMETROS FÍSICO-AMBIENTAIS EM ÁREAS COM POSSIBILIDADE DE OCORRÊNCIA DE SOLOS COESOS DA DEPRESSÃO DO SÃO FRANCISCO-BA: O Caso da Fazenda Caracol-BA (Physical and environmental parameters of the areas with possibility of cohesive soils in the ...)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1690
Author(s):  
Joildes Brasil dos Santos ◽  
Selma Simões de Castro

O caráter coeso do solo é utilizado pelo SiBCS - Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos, para solos que apresentam horizonte extremamente endurecido entre 30-70cm de profundidade, caracterizado por forte adensamento natural, cuja a origem ainda não é conclusiva, embora se destaque o processo de silicificação e de argiluviação como as principais. Ocorrem em regiões semiáridas e áridas, como no NE brasileiro, onde estão associados aos tabuleiros costeiros sustentados por sedimentos terciários e quaternários, como os do Grupo Barreiras, onde são mais estudados. Fora dessa Formação são pouco conhecidos, como na Depressão do São Francisco-BA onde solos com horizontes endurecidos sugerem presença de solos coesos. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo se propõe a discutir a relação entre o caráter coeso nos solos e os parâmetros físico-ambientais da paisagem, mais especificamente da Fazenda Caracol-BA, em que tais horizontes vêm dificultando a atividade agrícola. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir da construção de um banco de dados georreferenciados no software Arcgis 10.1 relativos a altitude e declividade gerados a partir de imagens SRTM (TOPODATA), os dados de solos foram do Relatório de Levantamento Pedológico da própria fazenda e os dados de uso e cobertura foram gerados a partir da classificação das imagens Landsat-8 segundo as normas do IBGE. Entre os parâmetros analisados, destaca-se o papel da sílica e da argila, que a partir de interpolações dessas variáveis foram núcleos de acumulação de argila entre 0-20 e 20-40cm, e de sílica a partir de 100cm de profundidade, indicando possível ocorrência do caráter coeso nos solos estudados, embora diferente do preconizado pelo SiBCS.   A B S T R A C T The cohesive nature of the soil is used by the Brazilian System of Soil Classification, for soils with extremely hardened horizon between 30-70cm deep, characterized by strong natural densification, whose origin is still not conclusive, although it highlighted the process of silicification and Argilluviation as the main. Occur in semi-arid and arid regions, such as the Brazilian NE, which are associated with coastal tablelands supported by tertiary and quaternary sediments, such as the Barreiras Group. Out of this formation are not well known, as in the Depression of the San Francisco-BA where soils with hardened horizons suggest the presence of cohesive soils. In this sense, this article aims to discuss the relationship between the cohesive character in the soil and the physical and environmental parameters of the landscape, specifically the Treasury Snail-BA, where these horizons have hindered agricultural activity. The survey was conducted from building a georeferenced database on 10.1 Arcgis software for the altitude and steepness generated from SRTM images (TOPODATA) .The soil data were from the farm itself Pedological Survey Report and data use and coverage were generated from the Landsat-8 image classification. Among the analyzed parameters, there is the role of silica and clay. From the interpolations of both variables were identified clay accumulation cores between 0-20 and 20-40cm deep, and silica from 100cm depth, indicating possible occurrence of cohesive character in the soils, although different from recommended by SiBCS.. Keywords: Character Cohesive, Physical Environmental Parameters, cementing agents   

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (20) ◽  
pp. 8393-8403
Author(s):  
Debbie J. Dupuis

Abstract Observed hourly data from New York City and San Francisco are examined, and the role of hourly changes in the occurrence of daily extreme temperatures is assessed. The tails of the conditional distribution of daily extreme temperatures are modeled with a class of extreme value models that incorporate information on changes in hourly temperature, and location-specific behavior is found. The proposed statistical analyses, which are easily carried out using open-source software, could be used to assess whether the hourly downscaled data necessary for many impact and adaptation studies accurately reproduce the relationship between observed hourly temperatures and daily temperature extremes at a given site.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Mustapha Hmamou ◽  
Boujemaa Bounakaya

At the end of the last century, the Rif mountains of Morocco have experienced significant changes in the level of agricultural activity, especially it concerns the increase in cannabis cultivation, which is characterized by high water requirements. For that reason, a number of Artificial Impoundments (AIs) have been constructed in the Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima (TTA) region, where by August 2017 there were more than 1400 of such structures. This requires to a study the efficiency and potential negative effects of such noticeable development. It has been shown that these hydraulic structures have provided additional positive value to the agricultural sector, especially to the proscribed industry of cannabis cultivation. Regarding other effects, the present study has found that their impact on the hydraulic and hydrographic aspects at the moment is very limited and that the only major constraint for their application is related to the issue of security, which arises from the fragile geological structure that is observed in the majority of the region.


Author(s):  
Alexandre M. da R. F. Jardim ◽  
Thieres G. F. da Silva ◽  
Luciana S. B. de Souza ◽  
Marcondes de S. Souza ◽  
José E. F. de Morais ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Understanding the effect of the cropping system on the morpho-yield relationship of plants is crucial for success in the agricultural activity, mainly in arid and semi-arid regions, where there are major challenges for food production. In this study, the objective was to apply multivariate statistics in the morpho-yield evaluation of forage cactus clones in cropping systems as sole crop and intercropped with sorghum cultivars. The experiment was conducted in Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil, between March 18, 2017 and June 16, 2018. The design adopted was in randomized blocks with 12 treatments composed of three forage cactus clones in sole-crop system (IPA Sertânia, Miúda and Orelha de Elefante Mexicana) and nine forage cactus-sorghum intercropping systems with the cultivars 467, SF11 and 2502. Morphometric and phytomass measurements of forage cactus clones were performed throughout the cycle. The relationship between the morpho-yield traits of the clones was evaluated by means of principal component analysis. Cladode width, length, perimeter, and area are morphometric variables that determine phytomass accumulation in clones. The cropping systems did not influence the association of morpho-yield traits, but it depends on the genus of forage cactus. Negative correlations between cladode dimensions and phytomass of the clones of the genus Nopalea explained their lower phytomass accumulations. Principal components analysis makes it possible to elucidate associations between morpho-yield variables of forage cactus.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-167
Author(s):  
Leila Kashi Zenouzi ◽  
Seyed Hasan Kaboli ◽  
Kazem Khavazi ◽  
Mohammad Sohrabi ◽  
Mohammad Khosroshahi ◽  
...  

Background: Biological soil crusts (BSCs) that are able to produce sticky extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play an important role in the formation of soil aggregates, thereby, reducing soil erosion. In this study, experiments were undertaken to identify biocrust species that produce EPS, in order to combat desertification in the Sejzi desert of Iran. Methods: A biocrust distribution map of Sejzi plain was prepared using Landsat 8 OLI images, then, various sampling points were selected. Some physicochemical parameters of samples from lichen-dominated and non-biocrusted areas were measured. The relationship between soil parameters and biocrusts presence was confirmed based on the Pearson’s correlation coefficient and principal component analysis (PCA) method. The type of chemical compounds in the soil content were determined via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), including polysaccharides. To estimate the degradability of polysaccharides, each soil sample was placed under defined UV-B radiation for 24, 48, and 72 hours at three replications. Results: There was no significant correlation between moss and lichen species with the amount of EPS (%) values and various occurring cyanolichen species in three biocrusted soil samples, which included Collema coccophorum, Collema tenax, Peccania terricola, and Placidium squamulosum. It was speculated that these polysaccharides were produced by the photobiotic partners (microalgae or cyanobacteria) and secreted to the soil. Conclusion: According to the results, the cyanobacteria species of biocrusted samples might have high potential to combat desertification and soil stabilization in Sejzi desert.


Author(s):  
G. I. Arsanova

Water plays an extremely important role in volcanism: it acts as an evacuator of viscous melts in a variety of ways, which is ensured by the presence of relevant properties of its phase states, which successively changing with the fall of the environmental parameters. In this sense, the supercritical (fluid) state of water is especially significant. The paper provides a summary of fluid properties that are unique in many ways. The properties determine the relationship between water fluid and silicate melt, which in turn explains the cause of volcanic phenomena and the course of eruptions: explosions of different power, the emergence of the so-called fluidized mass, scorching clouds, landslides and breakthroughs on the slopes, the formation of ignimbrites, as well as the mechanism of gas transport to the foot of volcanoes. Both by role and quantity, water is the main volcanic substance, which together with the silicate melt constitutes magma.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10358
Author(s):  
Fabio Di Carlo ◽  
Alfonso Giancotti ◽  
Luca Reale

In recent decades, the relationship between soil and water has been at the center of many landscape architecture projects and, more in general, of urban transformation. With an ever-increasing recurrence, the interventions reflect on the positive effects of this dialectic, to the point of making it the constitutive element, both in terms of morphologies and of the reciprocal conditions of quality and resilience, combining ecosystem effects and cultural values. This paper thus examines some cases where the use of these elements has assumed the role of “raw material” in those design processes where they are called to specifically question the relationship between nature and human settlements. Three case studies, which with different declinations represent turning points and paradigmatic passages in this context, are here analyzed: the Cultuurpark Westergasfabriek in Amsterdam, the Cheong Gye Cheon canal in Seoul, and the Candlestick Park in the San Francisco Bay.


Author(s):  
João Carlos Ker

This paper presents a review on Latosols (oxisols) genesis, classification and use in tropical Brazil.Chemical, physical and mineralogical aspects are throughly discussed, as well as their relationship withsoil use and management. Some problems of definition are considered for all types of Latosols recognizedin the Brazilian System of Soil Classification. The role of clay minerals such as kaolinite, gibbsite and ironoxides (namely hematite, goethite, magnetite and maghemite) is discussed against the background of soilclassification and soil fertility aspects. The ammount of trace-elements and the relationship between theseelements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Co) and latosols genesis and classification is shown, illustrating the trend of highervalues for those soils developed from mafic rocks and alike. The geographic distribution of latosols classesin Brazil (namely Ferriferous, Dusky-Red, Dark-Red, Red-Yellow, Yellow, Brown, Humic, Una variationand Pallid) is given. Finnaly, a general view on phosphorous adsorption for the various types of latosols ispresented, illustrating the importance of the clay mineralogy as a primary factor of controlling P availabilityin these soils.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.


Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Joiner ◽  
Melanie A. Hom ◽  
Megan L. Rogers ◽  
Carol Chu ◽  
Ian H. Stanley ◽  
...  

Abstract. Background: Lowered eye blink rate may be a clinically useful indicator of acute, imminent, and severe suicide risk. Diminished eye blink rates are often seen among individuals engaged in heightened concentration on a specific task that requires careful planning and attention. Indeed, overcoming one’s biological instinct for survival through suicide necessitates premeditation and concentration; thus, a diminished eye blink rate may signal imminent suicidality. Aims: This article aims to spur research and clinical inquiry into the role of eye blinks as an indicator of acute suicide risk. Method: Literature relevant to the potential connection between eye blink rate and suicidality was reviewed and synthesized. Results: Anecdotal, cognitive, neurological, and conceptual support for the relationship between decreased blink rate and suicide risk is outlined. Conclusion: Given that eye blinks are a highly observable behavior, the potential clinical utility of using eye blink rate as a marker of suicide risk is immense. Research is warranted to explore the association between eye blink rate and acute suicide risk.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document