scholarly journals Developments in CO2 research

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1281-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A. Behles ◽  
Joseph M. DeSimone
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Critical Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Polymeric Surfactants ◽  
Fluid State ◽  
Compressed Liquid ◽  
Supercritical Fluid State

CO2 can be a good solvent for many compounds when used in its compressed liquid or supercritical fluid state. Above its critical temperature and critical pressure (Tc = 31 C, Pc = 73.8 bar), CO2 has liquid-like densities and gas-like viscosities, which allows for safe commercial and laboratory operating conditions. Many small molecules are readily soluble in CO2, whereas most macromolecules are not. This has prompted development of several classes of small molecule and polymeric surfactants that enable emulsion and dispersion polymerizations as well as other technological processes.

scholarly journals Analytical techniques for metabolomic studies: a review

Bioanalysis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 2297-2318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Segers ◽  
Sven Declerck ◽  
Debby Mangelings ◽  
Yvan Vander Heyden ◽  
Ann Van Eeckhaut
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Separation Techniques ◽  
Sample Matrix ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Metabolomics is the comprehensive study of small-molecule metabolites. Obtaining a wide coverage of the metabolome is challenging because of the broad range of physicochemical properties of the small molecules. To study the compounds of interest spectroscopic (NMR), spectrometric (MS) and separation techniques (LC, GC, supercritical fluid chromatography, CE) are used. The choice for a given technique is influenced by the sample matrix, the concentration and properties of the metabolites, and the amount of sample. This review discusses the most commonly used analytical techniques for metabolomic studies, including their advantages, drawbacks and some applications.

Observation of Pinning Strengthening in “MgB2 – CNT – α-Fe” Nanocomposites Studied by Microwave Absorption Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 233-234 ◽  
pp. 750-753
Author(s):  
Valerii V. Bazarov ◽  
Pavel N. Togulev ◽  
Farkhad A. Nizamov ◽  
Nikolay M. Lyadov ◽  
Svetlana N. Ivicheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Microwave Absorption ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Pinning Force ◽  
Fluid State ◽  
Absorption Technique ◽  
Supercritical Fluid State

Microwave absorption histeresis is measured in superconducting composites, prepared from MgB2 , carbon nanotubes, graphene particles and iron nanoparticles. Iron nanoparticles were synthesized with using of isopropanol in the supercritical fluid state. Measurements showed that the greatest increase in the pinning force is observed in the “MgB2 – (CNT-α-Fe)” composite.

Some thermodynamic processes of anthracite–carbon dioxide mixture in supercritical fluid state

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1180-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameer Abed Jaddoa ◽  
A. A. Zakharov ◽  
T. R. Bilalov ◽  
R. R. Nakipov ◽  
I. R. Gabitov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Fluid State ◽  
Thermodynamic Processes ◽  
Supercritical Fluid State

Dynamics of pulsed laser ablation in high-density carbon dioxide including supercritical fluid state

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (14) ◽  
pp. 143303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichiro Urabe ◽  
Toru Kato ◽  
Sven Stauss ◽  
Shohei Himeno ◽  
Satoshi Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Pulsed Laser Ablation ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fluid State ◽  
Supercritical Fluid State

scholarly journals The role of water in volcanism

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Arsanova
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Silicate Melt ◽  
Fluid State ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supercritical Fluid State

Water plays an extremely important role in volcanism: it acts as an evacuator of viscous melts in a variety of ways, which is ensured by the presence of relevant properties of its phase states, which successively changing with the fall of the environmental parameters. In this sense, the supercritical (fluid) state of water is especially significant. The paper provides a summary of fluid properties that are unique in many ways. The properties determine the relationship between water fluid and silicate melt, which in turn explains the cause of volcanic phenomena and the course of eruptions: explosions of different power, the emergence of the so-called fluidized mass, scorching clouds, landslides and breakthroughs on the slopes, the formation of ignimbrites, as well as the mechanism of gas transport to the foot of volcanoes. Both by role and quantity, water is the main volcanic substance, which together with the silicate melt constitutes magma.

Supercritical fluid state of hydrocarbon-water fluids in a porous medium and optimization of fluid release from pores

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1240-1244
Author(s):  
E. N. Alexandrov ◽  
N. M. Kuznetsov ◽  
G. P. Brusova ◽  
A. V. Shlyakhtin ◽  
A. L. Petrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Fluid State ◽  
Fluid Release ◽  
Supercritical Fluid State

scholarly journals STEM-20. A CANCER STEM CELL-SELECTIVE APOPTOSIS-INDUCING SMALL MOLECULE FOR THE TREATMENT OF GBM

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii200-ii200
Author(s):  
Stephen Skirboll ◽  
Natasha Lucki ◽  
Genaro Villa ◽  
Naja Vergani ◽  
Michael Bollong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Activation Assay

Abstract INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of primary brain cancer. A subpopulation of multipotent cells termed GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in tumor initiation and maintenance, drug resistance, and recurrence following surgery. New therapeutic strategies for the treatment of GBM have recently focused on targeting CSCs. Here we have used an unbiased large-scale screening approach to identify drug-like small molecules that induce apoptosis in GBM CSCs in a cell type-selective manner. METHODS A luciferase-based survival assay of patient-derived GBM CSC lines was established to perform a large-scale screen of ∼one million drug-like small molecules with the goal of identifying novel compounds that are selectively toxic to chemoresistant GBM CSCs. Compounds found to kill GBM CSC lines as compared to control cell types were further characterized. A caspase activation assay was used to evaluate the mechanism of induced cell death. A xenograft animal model using patient-derived GBM CSCs was employed to test the leading candidate for suppression of in vivo tumor formation. RESULTS We identified a small molecule, termed RIPGBM, from the cell-based chemical screen that induces apoptosis in primary patient-derived GBM CSC cultures. The cell type-dependent selectivity of RIPGBM appears to arise at least in part from redox-dependent formation of a proapoptotic derivative, termed cRIPGBM, in GBM CSCs. cRIPGBM induces caspase 1-dependent apoptosis by binding to receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) and acting as a molecular switch, which reduces the formation of a prosurvival RIPK2/TAK1 complex and increases the formation of a proapoptotic RIPK2/caspase 1 complex. In an intracranial GBM xenograft mouse model, RIPGBM was found to significantly suppress tumor formation. CONCLUSIONS Our chemical genetics-based approach has identified a small molecule drug candidate and a potential drug target that selectively targets cancer stem cells and provides an approach for the treatment of GBMs.

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