scholarly journals Holocaust Monuments in Kamianets-Podilskyi as a Resource for Tourism Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-162
Author(s):  
Ihor Smyrnov ◽  
Olha Liubitseva ◽  
Cui Jibo
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Population ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Holocaust Memorial ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Memorial Sites ◽  
Second World

The Holocaust peculiarities of the Jewish population in Ukraine during the Second World War are revealed. Ten sites of the largest mass executions of Jews in Ukraine by the German occupation authorities during the Second World War have been identified and characterized. The largest number of victims are crimes in Kyiv (Babyn Yar – almost 34 thousand people) and Odesa (25 thousand people). The third-largest death toll was in the Kamianets-Podilskyi massacre (23,000 people), but it was the first chronological case of the Nazi massacre of Jews in Ukraine. The peculiarities of the mass extermination of the Jewish population in Kamianets Podilskyi, where a ghetto was created not only for the local Jewish population but also for Jews deported from Hungary, are highlighted. Three memorialization ‘waves’ of Holocaust memorial sites in Kamianets-Podilskyi have been identified. The main monuments of the Holocaust have been characterized, and directions for its further memorialization as a resource for the development of memorial tourism have been proposed.

Le rôle de l’armée juive dans la libération de Juifs en France 1942 - 1945

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 00007
Author(s):  
B Dewi Puspitaningrum ◽  
Airin Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
World War ◽  
French Army ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Status ◽  
Jews In France ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Second World

<p class="Keyword">Nazi Germany used Endlösung to persecute Jews during the Second World War, leading them to the Holocaust, known as “death”. During the German occupation in France, the status of the Jews was applied. Polonski reacted to the situation by establishing a Zionist resistance, Jewish Army, in January 1942. Their first visions were to create a state of Israel and save the Jews as much as they could. Although the members of the group are not numerous, they represented Israel and played an important role in the rescue of the Jews in France, also in Europe. Using descriptive methods and three aspects of historical research, this article shows that the Jewish Army has played an important role in safeguarding Jewish children, smuggling smugglers, physical education and the safeguarding of Jews in other countries. In order to realize their visions, collaborations with other Jewish resistances and the French army itself were often created. With the feeling of belonging to France, they finally extended their vision to the liberation of France in 1945 by joining the French Forces of the Interior and allied troops.</p>

Parleying with the Devil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaj Trifković ◽  
Klaus Schmider
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
The Devil ◽  
Second World

The Second World War in Yugoslavia is notorious for the brutal struggle between the armed forces of the Third Reich and the communist-led Partisans. Less known is the fact that the two sides negotiated prisoner exchanges virtually since the beginning of the war. Under extraordinary circumstances, these early contacts evolved into a formal exchange agreement, centered on the creation of a neutral zone—quite possibly the only such area in occupied Europe—where prisoners were regularly exchanged until late April 1945, saving thousands of lives. The leadership of both sides used the contacts for secret political talks, for which they were nearly branded as traitors by their superiors in Berlin and Moscow. This book is the first comprehensive analysis of prisoner exchanges and the accompanying contacts between the German occupation authorities and the Yugoslav Partisans. Specifically, the book will argue that prisoner exchange had a decisive influence on the POW policies of both sides and helped reduce the levels of violence for which this theater of war became infamous. It will also show that the contacts, contrary to some claims, did not lead to collusion between these two parties against either other Yugoslav factions or the Western Allies.

scholarly journals OUN (B) (ORGANISATION OF UKRAINIAN NAZIONALISTIS) AND UIA (UKRAINIAN INSURGENT ARMY) INFORMATION AND PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES AMONG POPULATION OF OCCUPIED TERRITORY OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Stepan Vynogradov
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Occupied Territory ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Specific Stage ◽  
New Type ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Second World

The article deals with the issues of the anti-German information and propaganda activities of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (Bandera) (further OUN (B) and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (hereinafter — UIA) among the Ukrainian population during the Second World War (June 1941–1944). Responding to archival documents, the author notes the three main periods in the deployment of the anti-German information and propaganda activities of the OUN and the UIA. The first period — from June 1941 to the September conference of the OUN in 1941. The second period — from September 1941 to February 1943, in particular, to the third conference of UNO. The third period — from February 1943 until the final liberation of Ukraine from German invaders in 1944.The author highlights the main tasks of the anti-German information and propaganda activities of the OUN (B) and the UIA among the population of the occupied Ukraine. He concludes that, aspiring to oppose the German occupation regime, the underground of the OUN (B) and the UIA during the war created their own propaganda network, established a mass production of printed publications, solved the problem of propagandists, conducted active verbal propaganda, and introduced a new type of mass campaign — propaganda raids of the UIA.However, the anti-German propaganda of the OUN (b) and the UIA during all the time of its management had its own peculiarities that distinguished it from other propagandistic directions of Ukrainian nationalists.Despite the tangible advantage of the enemy in propaganda, OUN (B) and UIA persistently and consistently propagandised their ideas. The content of their propaganda activities was consistent with each specific stage of the OUN and UIA struggles, taking into account the peculiarities of national environments that were disseminated through informational and propaganda activities.

scholarly journals Polska literatura najnowsza i Holokaust – edukacyjny potencjał fikcji?

2020 ◽  
pp. 372-388
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Czyżak
Keyword(s):  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

The article contains considerations regarding memory of the Holocaust in Polish contemporary prose and analyses the arguments for and against fictitious representations of theShoah. The author discusses the changes in treating fiction which narrates the history of Jewish people during the Second World War – from works of fiction published after the war (e.g. Wielki Tydzień by Jerzy Andrzejewski) to popular thrillers written in the 21st century. The main part of this article is devoted to a novel Tworki written by Marek Bieńczyk in 1999, telling a story of young people – Poles and Jews – employed in a mental hospital during German occupation. The novel was at the centre stage of discussion about relationship between fiction and the Shoah theme, yet the author of the article argues that it may serve as an important stepping stone in exemplifying history. This literary vision of the Holocaust (defined as “pastoral thriller”) shows educational possibilities of fiction.

Jewish Life in Ruins

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Jonathan Webber ◽  
Chris Schwarz ◽  
Jason Francisco
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Life ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Jewish Heritage ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Second World ◽  
Bear Witness

This chapter focuses on ruins as a key present-day reality of the Jewish heritage in Poland. It recounts the German occupation of Poland in the Second World War, in which about 90 percent of the country's 3.3 million Jews were forced out of their homes and murdered, leaving behind towns and villages that testify to the richness and diversity of the culture they had built up over many centuries. It also discusses how the ruins bear witness to the immensity of Poland's deliberate destruction. The chapter describes the ruins that continued to physically survive in the present-day, such as roofless synagogues and desecrated Torah arks. It talks about the ruins of the cemeteries with tombstones scattered on the ground like debris that present an eloquent and poignant testimony to the tragedy of the Holocaust.

Regimes of Memory: the Case of the Netherlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-479
Author(s):  
Pieter Emmer
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Slave Resistance ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dutch Caribbean ◽  
Second World

The Netherlands is not known for its opposing regimes of memory. There are two exceptions to this rule: the history of the German Occupation during the Second World War and the Dutch participation in the Atlantic slave trade and slavery. The relatively low numbers of survivors of the Holocaust in the Netherlands, as well as the volume and the profitability of the Dutch slave trade and slavery, and the importance of slave resistance in abolishing slavery in the Dutch Caribbean have produced conflicting views, especially between professional historians and the descendants of slaves living in the Netherlands.

scholarly journals ‘Our’ vs. ‘Inherited’ Museums. PiS and Fidesz as Mnemonic Warriors

Südosteuropa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Radonić
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Memory Politics ◽  
Warsaw Ghetto ◽  
Holocaust Memorial ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Jews ◽  
Second World

AbstractThe Polish and the Hungarian governing party, PiS and Fidesz, are mnemonic warriors who had already tried to enforce their memory politics during their first government terms, as their flagship museums, the Warsaw Rising Museum, opened in 2004, and the House of Terror in Budapest, opened in 2002, show. In museums they ‘inherited’ from their predecessors, the current governments either change content, as PiS at the Museum of the Second World War in Gdańsk, or ‘only’ battle against the directors in office, as happened at the Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw and at the Holocaust Memorial Center in Budapest. Yet even mnemonic warriors cannot ignore international developments like the ‘universalization of the Holocaust’. As the author shows, the Polish and the Hungarian governments favored opening new museums over changing existing museums identified as ‘Jewish’, including those that explicitly deal with Polish and Hungarian complicity. New museums, like the Ulma Family Museum in southeastern Poland, the House of Fates in Budapest, and the Warsaw Ghetto Museum, focus on rescuers of Jews and uplifting messages of Polish and Hungarian heroism.

Repressed, Remitted, Rejected

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Heinz Roth ◽  
Hartmut Rübner
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Scholarly Discourse ◽  
Second World

Since unification, the Federal Republic of Germany has carried out vaunted efforts to make amends for the crimes of the Third Reich. Yet it remains the case that the demands for restitution by many countries that were occupied during the Second World War are unresolved, and recent demands from Greece and Poland have only reignited old debates. This book reconstructs the German occupation of Poland and Greece and gives a thorough accounting of these debates. Working from the perspective of international law, it deepens the scholarly discourse around the issue, clarifying the ‘never-ending story’ of German reparations policy and making a principled call for further action.

Deutsche und jüdische Ruinen der Erinnerung in Worms und Hamburg

Aschkenas ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Roemer
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
German Jewish ◽  
Memorial Sites ◽  
Second World ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractIn addition to being witnesses of a vanished past, ruins refer to the former building and tell the story of its destruction. Two ruins, which can also be described as memorial sites, can exemplify different strategies of dealing with these material remnants: the destroyed synagogue of Worms and the St Nikolai Church in Hamburg. The destroyed synagogue of Worms was rebuilt as a symbol of the history of the Jewish community prior to 1933 and as a memorial to the Holocaust. In contrast, the St Nikolai Church in Hamburg was left in ruins which constitute a memorial for the air raids as well as a reminder of the Nazi crimes. The following article will reflect on these different strategies and on the reactions and perceptions of the visitors. Furthermore it will try to reveal the different levels of meaning and the interconnectedness of the memories of the German-Jewish past, the Second World War and the Holocaust.

scholarly journals „Nasze” i „odziedziczone” muzea – PiS i Fidesz jako mnemoniczni wojownicy

Teksty Drugie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2020) ◽  
pp. 129-154
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Radonić
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Memory Politics ◽  
Warsaw Ghetto ◽  
Holocaust Memorial ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Jews ◽  
Second World

PiS and Fidesz are mnemonic warriors who tried to enforce their memory politics already during their first government terms – as the analysis of their flagship museums, the Warsaw Rising Museum and the House of Terror in Budapest shows. The current illiberal governments treat museums they ‘inherited’ from their predecessors differently: While PiS changes content at the Museum of the Second World War in Gdańsk, the Museum of the History of Polish Jews and the Holocaust Memorial Center in Budapest ‘only’ lost their directors. Even mnemonic warriors must take international developments like the ‘universalization of the Holocaust’ into consideration. Kaczyński and Orbán favored opening new museums rather than changing museums identified as ‘Jewish’, even those that explicitly deal with Polish and Hungarian complicity. New museums, like the Ulma Family Museum, the House of Fates in Budapest and the Warsaw Ghetto Museum, focus on rescuers of Jews and heroic uplifting messages.

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