scholarly journals Translational neuroimaging research in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Pediatric Ocd ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Traditional Strategy

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a significant public health problem. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the only FDA-approved medications for OCD. However, SSRIs are of limited efficacy in clinical practice. Given the persistence of symptoms and levels of treatment response, it is clear that the serotonin paradigm of OCD does not fully account for the neurobiology of the disorder, and that further translational research is needed. In this review, the glutamate hypothesis of pediatric OCD is explored, the neuroimaging evidence reviewed, and the translational impact highlighted. The traditional strategy of going from pharmacology to pathophysiology has failed to show real progress in our understanding of the neurobiology of psychiatric illness and, while still in the early stages, this work demonstrates the clear benefit of approaching psychiatric illness from the opposite direction.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy for Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Chronic Tic Disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. JCNSD.S6616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro S. De Nadai ◽  
Eric A. Storch ◽  
Joseph F. Mcguire ◽  
Adam B. Lewin ◽  
Tanya K. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Healthcare ◽  
Pediatric Ocd ◽  
Chronic Tic Disorders

In recent years, much progress has been made in pharmacotherapy for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and chronic tic disorders (CTDs). What were previously considered relatively intractable conditions now have an array of efficacious medicinal (and psychosocial) interventions available at clinicians' disposal, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, atypical antipsychotics, and alpha-2 agonists. The purpose of this review is to discuss the evidence base for pharmacotherapy with pediatric OCD and CTDs with regard to efficacy, tolerability, and safety, and to put this evidence in the context of clinical management in integrated behavioral healthcare. While there is no single panacea for these disorders, there are a variety of medications that provide considerable relief for children with these disabling conditions.

Role of serotonin in obsessive-compulsive disorder

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (S35) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Baumgarten ◽  
Z. Grozdanovic
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment

Background Serotonin may play a role in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) because of the anti-obsessional effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRJs).Method The literature is reviewed on knowledge of the role of serotonergic neurons in brain function, studies on monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), various stress neuropeptides, neuroendocrine and behavioural challenge after administration of direct and indirect serotomimetic compounds, and neuroanatomical data on brain circuits organising behaviour.Results In most of the OCD cases analysed, CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid concentrations do not significantly differ from age-corrected controls. However, a relationship appears to exist between pre-treatment levels of these metabolites and clinical response to drugs acting on the serotonin transporter. Abnormalities in CSF arginine vasopressin, corticotropin-releasing hormone, oxytocin and somatostatin levels have been reported in OCD. Long-term treatment with high-doses of clomipramine, fluvoxamine, and fluoxetine tend to correct these neuropeptide abnormalities.Conclusions We hypothesise that continuous treatment with SSRJs alters serotonin turnover and neuropeptide expression patterns in OCD-entertaining functional forebrain/midbrain circuits.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Integrated Approaches in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (S3) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Hohagen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

AbstractObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has long been considered a treatment-refractory mental condition. Neither pharmacologic nor psychodynamic therapy has been proven to treat OCD effectively. Yet the prognosis for OCD has changed dramatically in recent years with the introduction of behavior therapy and the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Many studies have shown that behavior therapy, especially exposure with response prevention, and SSRIs reduce obsessive-compulsive symptoms significantly. Still, many unanswered questions—including the role of cognitive therapy in the treatment of OCD, exposure therapy vs multimodal behavioral therapy, individual versus group therapy, outcome predictors in adults, adolescents, and children, and the role of combination treatment using an SSRI and cognitive-behavioral therapy—remain. This article will explore these issues as well as suggest directions for further research into OCD.

scholarly journals Agomelatine Augmentation of Escitalopram Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Case Report

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico De Berardis ◽  
Nicola Serroni ◽  
Stefano Marini ◽  
Giovanni Martinotti ◽  
Francesca Ferri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Augmentation Strategies

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic condition characterized by obsessions or compulsions that cause distress or interfere with functioning. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the first-line strategy in the treatment of OCD, but approximately 40% to 60% of patients with OCD fail to respond to them. Several augmentation strategies have been proposed, including the use of atypical antipsychotics and antidepressant combinations. In the present paper we describe the case of a young female patient suffering from severe treatment-resistant OCD who remitted as a result of agomelatine augmentation of escitalopram therapy.

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