scholarly journals Features of conspecific and heterospecific interactions of greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum and spider mite Tetranychus urticae on cucumber

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
O. S. Kirillova* ◽  
V. A. Razdoburdin
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Herbivorous Species ◽  
Herbivore Species ◽  
Research Show

Рlant-mediated interactions between greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum and spider mite Tetranychus urticae have been studied under laboratory experiments on cucumber. The seedlings have been infested using different herbivores densities, when the first true leaf was fully unfolded The response of pests to previously damaged plants has been studied. Whitefly and spider mite plant selection in free-choice bioassay, as well as the larvae number of the whitefly daughter generation and the daily spider mite fecundity have been evaluated in the experiment. We have found, that the antixenotic and antibiotic cucumber properties in regard to the herbivorous arthropods, as a result of herbivore-induced plant defense development, depend on herbivore species and intensity of arthropod damage to plants. Damage to plants by whitefly has affected the behavior and development of a conspecific individuals only. Damage to plants by spider mites has affected both whitefly and spider mite individuals. Analysis of literature on this issue and the results of our research show a specificity of plant responses to arthropod damage, that can be determined by the specific features of herbivorous species and depend on the nature and intensity of the plant damage.

Under pressure: predation risk defining mating investment in matured spider mite Tetranychus urticae

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1359-1372
Author(s):  
Matheus S. Rocha ◽  
Lívia A. Celada ◽  
Everton N. L. Rodrigues ◽  
Luiz E. Costa-schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Investment Behavior ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Mating Performance

The emergence of anti-predatory strategies for prey survival are ruled by the minimization of the encounters/interactions with potential predators, but at the same time by maximizing the access to limiting resources such as food or mating partners. Cues indicating predatory activity influence decision-making activities in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, such as dispersion, foraging activities, and reproductive effort.  However, anti-predatory strategies studied in spider mites generally considers mainly the female perspective (e.g. oviposition), leaving a gap in how T. urticae couples deal with predatory risk. Here, through laboratory experiments, we observed that matured spider mite couples were only affected by predation risk during the pre-copulatory stages of the mating process, especially when deciding to proceed in a mating opportunity. The mating performance of individuals was independent of their exposure to predation risk, suggesting that couples would adopt full investment behavior after opting to proceed in a mating attempt. Though our working hypothesis predicted predation risk interference throughout the entire mating process, we conclude that decision-making activities by spider mite during pre-copulatory stages act independently from copulatory stages associated to insemination.

scholarly journals Chemical and Non-Chemical Solutions for Managing Twospotted Spider Mite, Western Tarnished Plant Bug, and Other Arthropod Pests in Strawberries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra K. Dara ◽  
David Peck ◽  
Dave Murray
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Twospotted Spider Mite ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Microbial Pesticides ◽  
Arthropod Pests ◽  
Twospotted Spider

The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae and the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus are major arthropod pests of strawberries in California.  Other important insect pests include the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and the western flower thrips, Frankliella occidentalis.  Chemical pesticides play a major role in managing these pests, but not without the associated risk of pesticide resistance and environmental safety.  Two field studies were conducted in Santa Maria to evaluate the potential of botanical and microbial pesticides in the integrated pest management (IPM) of strawberry.  Chemical, botanical, and microbial pesticides were evaluated against T. urticae in a small plot study in 2013 and against L. hesperus and other insect pests in a large plot study in 2015 in commercial strawberry fields.  Bug vacuums were also used in the 2015 study.  Results demonstrated that non-chemical alternatives can play an important role in strawberry IPM.

Interactions between two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae and greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum on strawberry

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasimeh Mortazavi ◽  
Yaghoub Fathipour ◽  
Ali Asghar Talebi
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Pest Density ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽  
Study Laboratory

The interspecific competition is a widespread phenomenon among the herbivores and is an important factor in shaping the herbivore communities. Plants usually mediate competition among herbivores via induced resistance, which can affect pest density, either by altering the performance or host preference of herbivores. The strawberry plants host the two-spotted spider mites (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch and greenhouse whitefly (GHWF), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) in greenhouses. We clearly observed the adverse effect of TSSM or GHWF prevalence on colonization and outbreak of the other one, therefore the possibility exists that feeding-induced changes in plant and interspecific competition are the effective factors in shaping their densities. In this study, laboratory experiments were carried out to determine whether previous feeding by TSSM on strawberry (Camarosa variety) affects the performance and oviposition preference of GHWF (as a competitor), and vice versa. Lower egg number, and the slower development as well as delayed oviposition were observed when the pests fed on infested leaves than control leaves. Furthermore, when the pests were given the choice between the non-infested and infested leaves, both pests significantly preferred the non-infested leaves. Our study concluded that feeding-induced changes in quality of host plant adversely affected the performance and oviposition preference of both pests. We suggested that these results can help to explain the different population densities of pests in presence and absence of other species and can attract the attention of farmers to the effects of interspecific competition on the densities of pests.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Spiromesifen Against Greenhouse Whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Strawberry

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Bi ◽  
N.C. Toscano
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Lower Toxicity ◽  
Chemical Class

Spiromesifen is a novel insecticide (belonging to the new chemical class of spirocyclic phenyl-substituted tetronic acids) with a unique mode of action. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to test the efficacy of this insecticide against the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on strawberry, Fragaria ananassa (L.). Laboratory experiments showed that spiromesifen at 0.5 and 1.0 μg·mL−1 a.i. inhibited egg hatching by 80% and 100%, respectively, whereas at concentrations of 3.1, 3.0, and 10.0 μg·mL−1 a.i., this insecticide, respectively, killed 100% of the first, second, and third instar nymphs. Much lower toxicity to adults was observed. Field trials revealed that application of spiromesifen reduced the whitefly egg numbers by 61% to 80% from 2 to 3 weeks posttreatment in comparison with the pyriproxyfen treatment, whereas the application lowered the egg numbers by 34% to 73% from 2 to 5 weeks posttreatment compared with the buprofezin treatment. In comparison with pyriproxyfen treatment, spiromesifen application decreased the numbers of immature whiteflies by 29% to 92% from 1 to 6 weeks posttreatment. The effect of spiromesifen on reduction of immatures was similar to that of buprofezin. Also, the efficacy of spiromesifen on suppression of adult numbers was comparable to that of pyriproxyfen or buprofezin. Spiromesifen shows promise for inclusion in integrated greenhouse whitefly management programs and insecticide resistance management programs on strawberry.

The efficiency of Amblyseius swirskii in control of Tetranychus urticae and Trialeurodes vaporariorum is affected by various factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mortazavi ◽  
Y. Fathipour ◽  
A.A. Talebi
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Alternative Food ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Maize Pollen ◽  
Presence And Absence

AbstractAmblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot is a well-known predator that is used for controlling the population of two-spotted spider mites (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch, and greenhouse whitefly (GHWF), Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, in strawberry greenhouses. To find the effective factors that influence the efficiency of this predator, the predation rates of A. swirskii fed on (Ι) TSSM in the presence and absence of the pollen, webbing, and GHWF, as well as on (II) GHWF in the presence and absence of the pollen, and GHWF-produced honeydew were determined. Furthermore, developmental time, fecundity, and population growth rate of this predator under the same conditions were measured. Our results showed that A. swirskii was able to reduce TSSM population, while the spider mite webbing had an adverse effect on the performance of the predator. Therefore, the presence of the predator population at the time of the infestation is crucial to the success of biological control. It can be concluded that the alternative food sources such as pollen and GHWF-produced honeydew play an important role in maintaining the predator population in the absence of pests. Moreover, the results indicate that using the pollen and another pest along with the target pest can promote the predator density. A. swirskii consumed lower numbers of TSSM when concurrently offered with GHWF and/or maize pollen, and lower numbers of GHWF in the presence of pollen. On the other hand, in the presence of alternative food or alternative prey, the fecundity of the predator was much higher.

Prey preference, reproductive performance, and life table of Amblyseius tsugawai (Acari: Phytoseiidae) feeding on Tetranychus urticae and Bemisia tabaci

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyi Yang ◽  
Jiale Lv ◽  
Jingyue Liu ◽  
Xuenong Xu ◽  
Endong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Laboratory

Amblyseius tsugawai is a phytoseiid species distributed in Asia. In the present study, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate its preference to prey stages when feeding on Tetranychus urticae and Bemisia tabaci, to evaluate its development and reproduction, and to estimate its life table parameters on each of the two prey species. Our results indicate that A. tsugawai shows preference to larvae of T. urticae, and to eggs of B. tabaci. When the two preferred stages were provided together, A. tsugawai randomly selected its prey. No significant difference in developmental times of A. tsugawai was observed when reared on T. urticae (6.75 days) and B. tabaci (7.05 days). In contrast, cumulative fecundity of A. tsugawai was only 14.6% when reared on B. tabaci (4.6 eggs/female) than on T. urticae (31.5 eggs/female). Impact of prey for both females and males on reproduction were also observed. Comparing to the treatment when both parents were reared on T. urticae, A. tsugawai fecundity was reduced by ca. 48.2% when the male was reared on B. tabaci, and was reduced by 86.5% and 88.8% when the female or both parents were reared on B. tabaci, respectively. Amblyseius tsugawai is the first indigenous phytoseiid species of China to show a positive intrinsic rate of population increase (0.013) when reared on B. tabaci as the only prey. The potential of A. tsugawai in greenhouse whitefly control is discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document