scholarly journals Heat regime of Transcarpathian depression

Author(s):  
A. A. Loktiev

A mathematical model of the temperature field was constructed and the temperature values for hypsometric levels of 1000, 2000 and 3000 m were calculated. for these hypsometric levels, as well as a map of the isothermal surface +50 ºC. Working with this program involves the construction of digital models of the surface, ancillary operations with them and visualization of surfaces. The digital model of the surface has the form of values in the nodes of a rectangular regular grid, the dimension of which depends on the specific problem to be solved. The efficiency of the program of interpolation of two-dimensional functions is determined by the following aspects: a set of various interpolation methods; the ability of the researcher to control the various parameters of these methods; availability of means of an estimation of accuracy and reliability of the constructed surface; the opportunity to clarify the result based on the personal experience of the expert in view of various additional factors that could not be depicted as source data. It is confirmed that the patterns of distribution of the natural thermal field in the upper part of the earth’s crust are due to a number of reasons, the main of which are the lithological composition of rocks, features of tectonic structure and the nature of groundwater movement. As a result of the analysis of graphic constructions, a sharp decrease in the subsoil warming towards the Carpathian folded structure was witnessed. It has been scientifically proven that the subsoil warming within the Mukachevo basin is much higher than within the Solotvyno basin. The confinement of geothermal anomalies to zones of intensive development of deep faults has been confirmed mathematically and experimentally. Based on this feature, it can be argued that the presence of positive geothermal anomalies is a criterion of gas bearing capacity for predicting deposits within local defiection objects.

2020 ◽  
pp. 2628-2639
Author(s):  
Mayyadah Ahmed Abdullah ◽  
Yaseen Saleh Kareem ◽  
Sabbar Abdullah Saleh

Injana Formation is the most extended geological formation in Salahaddin Governorate/ Iraq. About 10% of the studied area is covered by the outcrops of the formation as a recharge area. The formation is a subsurface within the unsaturated zone in 5% of the total studied area, while it exists within the saturated zone in about 85%; it is a major confined groundwater aquifer. Therefore, the hydrogeological system of the layers needs to be re-evaluated to describe the successions of aquifers and confining layers and their relation with each other. The lithology, depths, water table, saturated thickness, hydraulic characteristics of the aquifers, and the lateral and vertical variations of these characteristics were adopted to classify the hydrogeological system. The lithological composition is mainly composed of alternating successions of claystone, siltstone and sandstone with some differentiation within the studied area. The Quaternary and, occasionally, the Mukdadiya Formations are dry or of secondary aquifer, except in limited areas of the governorate. Injana Formation represents the major upper aquifer in the area, especially in the western bank of Tigris River. The outcrops of the formation are adjacent to Makhul and Hamrin anticlines; while Al-Tharthar valley represents a recharge area for the groundwater. In the remaining parts of the studied area, the formation represents the main deeper of a confined to semi-confined groundwater aquifer. The general direction of the groundwater movement in this hydrogeological system is towards the discharge area represented by Tigris River and Tharthar Lake, which is compatible with the topographic slope. The formation is classified as a multi-layer aquifer hydrogeological system.


Author(s):  
Miloš Matúš ◽  
Peter Križan ◽  
Ľubomír Šooš ◽  
Viliam Veteška

The growing global demand for energy, as well as the global demand for a higher share of the use of renewable energy sources, is leading to intensive development of the production of solid biofuels in the form of pellets. Biomass pelleting technology is successfully used to produce solid high-grade biofuel in the form of pellets. This biofuel is currently an important trade item in the energy markets. The development of pelleting technology also brings higher demands on pelleting machines and tools. Pressing tools are the powerful core of the entire technological line for the production of solid biofuels. The paper deals with biomass pelleting technology and describes the requirements and limits of this technology. It focuses in great detail on the pressing tools of pelleting machines. The work examines in detail the design of pressing dies and pressing rolls. The above knowledge are based on the personal experience of the authors as designers of pelleting machines and tools. The published information is of great practical importance for the development of pelleting technology and for moving forward in the design of pressing tools


2019 ◽  
Vol 239 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-501
Author(s):  
V. S. Brigida ◽  
◽  
V. I. Golik ◽  
Yu. V. Dmitrak ◽  
O. Z. Gabaraev ◽  
...  

GEODYNAMICS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1(30)2021 (1(30)) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Shtohryn ◽  

Purpose. The aim of the research presented in this article is to analyze the features of the reflection of the damage to the territory of the Transcarpathian region by landslide processes based on the anomalies in the magnetic and gravitational fields, taking into account tectonic zoning. The study is an important stage in predicting the landslide processes and it is aimed at reducing their negative effects on the environment. The relevance of the research is due to the growing intensification of landslides in the Carpathian region of Ukraine. Methodology. The development of landslides in each structural-tectonic zone is associated with its tectonic structure, and therefore these processes can have different intensity, dynamics, tendencies for further development and distribution area. Lithological-facies composition and bedding conditions of rocks form the physical and mechanical properties of rocks, determining the rate and mechanism of the development of landslides. The spatial confinedness of landslide processes in the fault zones is reflected in the gravitational and magnetic fields. Results. With the help of GIS MapInfo tools, a number of landslides in each tectonic zone, anomalies in the gravitational and magnetic fields, areas affected by landslides, the distance to the fault zones were calculated. The important result of the research is to prove a direct correlation between the spatial distribution of landslides and fault zones, tectonic structure, the lithological composition of rocks, which are reflected in gravimagnetic anomalies. Scientific novelty. The peculiarities of the reflection of the tectonic structure, zones of decompression, fragmentation of rocks and lithological composition in gravimagnetic fields on a regional scale are examined, and their association with landslide processes is evaluated for the first time. Practical significance. The theoretical substantiation of the peculiarities of the behaviour of gravimagnetic fields in the zones of distribution of landslide processes makes it possible to assess the natural conditions for the formation and development of landslides in a given region. The connection between the impact of the fault zones on landslide processes by their reflection in gravimagnetic fields is established, which can be used in the future for spatial forecasting of the development of landslides in territories with related structural-tectonic conditions.


Author(s):  
Filatov Vladimir ◽  
◽  
Bolotnova Liubov ◽  

Introduction. The territory of the Upper Kama potassium salt deposit (UKPSD) which has been actively developed since 1932, is characterized by abnormal technogenic overload on the geological environment. This load destroys the natural balance of the geological environment, the restoration of which is accompanied by hazardous dynamic events, from rockbursts to induced earthquakes of various magnitudes. Dynamic conditions of UKPSD is determined by many factors, among which a significant role is played by tectonic factors. Tectonic structure in the form of tectonic features or criteria (or other equal conditions) are taken into account first of all when fulfilling dynamic zoning of UKPSD territory and predicting the areas of possible manifestation of dynamic events. As soon as structural and tectonic elements of geological environment are characterized by similarity and hierarchy, it is advisable to study the tectonics of the deposit at various scales by corresponding geological and geophysical methods applying physical simulation data. Research methodology. Tectonic structures similarity and hierarchy (with a crack analysed as a copy of a fault), determined the two-stage technique of studying the tectonic structure of UKPSD territory. At the first stage, according to physical simulation data, areas influenced by the deep faults enclosing the Solikamsk depression and UKPSD were reconstructed. At the second stage, analyses was carried out of UKPSD fault strike azimuths determined by geological and geophysical methods. Research results. According to the results of the physical simulation, the dimensions of the area of dynamic impact of all faults enclosing the Solikamsk depression taking into account their kinematic type, and strikes and kinematics of faults within the zone of each fault were determined. Statistical analysis was carried out together with rose diagrams of strike azimuths of faults in the foundation and faults in UKPSD depth determined according to the results of magnetic field local anomalies interpretation, geomorphological data, satellite and aerial images. Summary. Tectonic scheme of UKPSD is not random. It is determined basically by the kinematics of deep faults enclosing UKPSD, and the tectonics of the foundation.


Author(s):  
Д.Б. Давыденко ◽  
С.Г. Парада

Статья посвящена определению оптимальных процедур обработки и разделения потенциальных полей на фоновую, остаточную и локальную составляющие, а также обсуждению некоторых результатов. Актуальность работы определяется необходимостью разработки геофизической основы для минерагенического анализа системы Донецкого складчатого сооружения. Цель исследования. Выбор оптимальных процедур обработки геофизических данных и разделение потенциальных полей на фоновую, остаточную и локальную составляющие, оценка возможности использования полученных результатов для минерагенического анализа Донецкого складчатого сооружения. Методы исследования. Исходными материалами для исследования послужили результаты аэросъемочных работ в цифровом формате, проведенных в 2011 году компанией «Аэрогеофизика» с использованием современных высокоточных приборов. А для приграничной полосы с Украиной – материалы аналоговых аэрогеофизических съемок, проведенных до 2000 г. Подразделение исходных полей на составляющие компоненты проведено с использованием методов математического преобразования исходных данных с использованием отечественного программного комплекса ГИС Интегро. Оценка информативности преобразования комплекса исходных данных решалась с привлечением технологии статистического зондирования геополей COSCAD 3D, а также технологии решения обратной задачи гравиразведки и магниторазведки. Результаты исследования. Разработана технология, обеспечивающая составление сводных карт потенциальных полей с использованием материалов разновысотных аэросъемок на основе отечественной геоинформационной системы ГИС Интегро. Установлены оптимальные процедуры и осуществлено подразделение исходных магнитного и гравитационного полей на региональную, остаточную и локальную компоненты. При выделении локальнй составляющей аномалий магнитного поля впервые для исследуемого района выделены и прослежены протяженные зоны слабоинтенсивных положительных магнитных аномалий. Установлено, что эти аномалии связаны с разломами, приуроченными к осевым плоскостям линейных антиклиналей и отражают увеличение намагниченности горных пород в связи с гидротермально-метасоматическими преобразованиями. Распространение выявленных ранее золоторудных проявлений в существенной мере контролируется вновь обнаруженными зонами слабоинтенсивных магнитных аномалий. Это позволяет придать высокую значимость выделяемых линейных аномальных зон как критериев для решения задач минерагенического районирования The article is devoted to determining the optimal procedures for processing and dividing potential fields into background, residual, and local components, as well as discussing some of the results. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to develop a geophysical basis for the mineralogical analysis of the Donetsk folded structure system. Aim. To select the optimal procedures for processing geophysical data and to divide potential fields into background, residual and local components, to evaluate the possibility of using the results obtained for mineragenic analysis of the Donetsk folded structure. Methods.The initial materials for the study were the results of aerial surveys in digital format conducted in 2011 by the company "Aerogeofizika" using modern high-precision instruments. And for the border strip with Ukraine – the materials of analog aerogeophysical surveys conducted before 2000. The division of the source fields into components was carried out using the methods of mathematical transformation of the source data using the domestic GIS Integro software package. The evaluation of the informativeness of the transformation of the source data complex was solved using the COSCAD 3D statistical sounding of geofields, as well as the technology for solving the inverse problem of gravity and magnetic exploration. Results. A technology has been developed that provides the compilation of summary maps of potential fields using materials from different-altitude aerial surveys based on the domestic GIS Integro geoinformation system. Optimal procedures were established and the initial magnetic and gravitational fields were divided into regional, residual, and local components. When identifying the local component of magnetic field anomalies, extended zones of low-intensity positive magnetic anomalies were identified and traced for the first time in the study area. It is established that these anomalies are associated with faults confined to the axial planes of linear anticlines and reflect an increase in the magnetization of rocks due to hydrothermal-metasomatic transformations. The spread of previously identified gold-ore manifestations is significantly controlled by newly discovered zones of low-intensity magnetic anomalies. This makes it possible to attach high importance to the identified linear anomalous zones as criteria for solving problems of mineragenic zoning


1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald M. Siegel ◽  
Richard R. Martin

Forty normal speakers were divided into two groups to study the effects of two types of verbal punishment of disfluencies. The two conditions, Random and Contingent, were divided into three segments each. Punishment was not delivered in Segments 1 or 3. Segment 2 presented Random subjects with the tape recorded word “wrong” on a predetermined random schedule. Contingent subjects were delivered the word “wrong” after each disfluency. Random presentation of “wrong” did not significantly affect rate of disfluencies. Contingent presentation resulted in a sharp decrease in disfluencies during Segment 2, and an increase in disfluencies during Segment 3.


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