One-Year Aerobic Exercise Reduced Carotid Arterial Stiffness and Increased Cerebral Blood Flow in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 841-853
Author(s):  
Tsubasa Tomoto ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Benjamin Y. Tseng ◽  
Evan P. Pasha ◽  
Danilo Cardim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
One Year

Background: Central arterial stiffness and brain hypoperfusion are emerging risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aerobic exercise training (AET) may improve central arterial stiffness and brain perfusion. Objective: To investigate the effects of AET on central arterial stiffness and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of AD. Methods: This is a proof-of-concept, randomized controlled trial that assigned 70 amnestic MCI patients into a 12-month program of moderate-to-vigorous AET or stretching-and-toning (SAT) intervention. Carotid β-stiffness index and CBF were measured by color-coded duplex ultrasonography and applanation tonometry. Total CBF was measured as the sum of CBF from both the internal carotid and vertebral arteries, and divided by total brain tissue mass assessed with MRI to obtain normalized CBF (nCBF). Episodic memory and executive function were assessed using standard neuropsychological tests (CVLT-II and D-KEFS). Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness were measured by peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Results: Total 48 patients (29 in SAT and 19 in AET) were completed one-year training. AET improved VO2peak, decreased carotid β-stiffness index and CBF pulsatility, and increased nCBF. Changes in VO2peak were associated positively with changes in nCBF (r = 0.388, p = 0.034) and negatively with carotid β-stiffness index (r = –0.418, p = 0.007) and CBF pulsatility (r = –0.400, p = 0.014). Decreases in carotid β-stiffness were associated with increases in cerebral perfusion (r = –0.494, p = 0.003). AET effects on cognitive performance were minimal compared with SAT. Conclusion: AET reduced central arterial stiffness and increased CBF which may precede its effects on neurocognitive function in patients with MCI.

Carotid Arterial Stiffness and Cerebral Blood Flow in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1115-1125
Author(s):  
Tsubasa Tomoto ◽  
Jun Sugawara ◽  
Takashi Tarumi ◽  
Collin Chiles ◽  
Bryon Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Carotid Arterial

Background: Central arterial stiffness is an emerging risk factor of age-related cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that carotid arterial stiffness is associated with reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) and increased cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of AD. Methods: Fifty-four patients with amnestic MCI and 24 cognitively normal subjects (CN) of similar age and sex to MCI patients underwent measurements of CBF and carotid β-stiffness index using ultrasonography and applanation tonometry. Total CBF was measured as the sum of CBF from both the internal carotid and vertebral arteries, and divided by total brain tissue mass (assessed with MRI) to obtain normalized CBF (nCBF). Results: Relative to CN subjects, MCI patients showed lower nCBF (53.3 ± 3.2 vs 50.4±3.4 mL/100 g/min, P < 0.001) and higher CVR (0.143 ± 0.019 vs 0.156 ± 0.023 mmHg/mL/min, P < 0.015). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that nCBF was negatively associated with carotid β-stiffness index (B = -0.822, P < 0.001); CVR was positively associated with carotid systolic pressure (B = 0.001, P < 0.001) after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and MCI status. Conclusion: These findings suggest that carotid artery stiffening may contribute at least in part to the reduced nCBF and increased CVR in patients with MCI associated with augmented carotid arterial pulsatility.

One-year Aerobic Exercise Altered Cerebral Vasomotor Reactivity in Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsubasa Tomoto ◽  
Takashi Tarumi ◽  
Jason N. Chen ◽  
Linda S. Hynan ◽  
C. Munro Cullum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Vasomotor Reactivity ◽  
Amnestic Mci ◽  
Cerebral Vasomotor Reactivity ◽  
One Year

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that changes in cerebral vasomotor reactivity (CVMR) after one-year aerobic exercise training (AET) are associated with cognitive performances in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Seventy sedentary patients with amnestic MCI were randomized to one-year moderate to vigorous intensity AET or stretching and toning (SAT) interventions. Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) with transcranial Doppler, mean arterial pressure (MAP) with finapres plethysmograph, and EtCO2 with capnography were measured during hyperventilation (hypocapnia) and a modified rebreathing protocol (hypercapnia) to assess CVMR. Cerebrovascular conductance index (CVCi) was calculated by CBFV/MAP, and CVMR by ΔCBFV/ΔEtCO2 and ΔCVCi/ΔEtCO2. Episodic memory and executive function were assessed using standard neuropsychological tests (CVLT-II and D-KEFS). Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). A total of 37 patients (19 in SAT and 18 in AET) completed one-year interventions and CVMR assessments. AET improved VO2peak, increased hypocapnic CVMR, but decreased hypercapnic CVMR. AET effects on cognitive performance were minimal when compared with SAT. Across both groups, there was a negative correlation between changes in hypo- and hypercapnic CVMRs in CBFV% and CVCi% (r = -0.741, r = -0.725, p < 0.001). Attenuated hypercapnic CVMR, but not increased hypocapnic CVRM, was associated with improved cognitive test scores in the AET group. In conclusion, one-year AET increased hypocapnic CVMR and attenuated hypercapnic CVMR which is associated cognitive performance in patients with amnestic MCI.

Neurocognitive Plasticity Is Associated with Cardiorespiratory Fitness Following Physical Exercise in Older Adults with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Galit Yogev-Seligmann ◽  
Tamir Eisenstein ◽  
Elissa Ash ◽  
Nir Giladi ◽  
Haggai Sharon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Memory Encoding

Background: Aerobic training has been shown to promote structural and functional neurocognitive plasticity in cognitively intact older adults. However, little is known about the neuroplastic potential of aerobic exercise in individuals at risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia. Objective: We aimed to explore the effect of aerobic exercise intervention and cardiorespiratory fitness improvement on brain and cognitive functions in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods: 27 participants with aMCI were randomized to either aerobic training (n = 13) or balance and toning (BAT) control group (n = 14) for a 16-week intervention. Pre- and post-assessments included functional MRI experiments of brain activation during associative memory encoding and neural synchronization during complex information processing, cognitive evaluation using neuropsychological tests, and cardiorespiratory fitness assessment. Results: The aerobic group demonstrated increased frontal activity during memory encoding and increased neural synchronization in higher-order cognitive regions such as the frontal cortex and temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) following the intervention. In contrast, the BAT control group demonstrated decreased brain activity during memory encoding, primarily in occipital, temporal, and parietal areas. Increases in cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with increases in brain activation in both the left inferior frontal and precentral gyri. Furthermore, changes in cardiorespiratory fitness were also correlated with changes in performance on several neuropsychological tests. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise training may result in functional plasticity of high-order cognitive areas, especially, frontal regions, among older adults at risk of AD and dementia. Furthermore, cardiorespiratory fitness may be an important mediating factor of the observed changes in neurocognitive functions.

58. Association between SPECT-episodic memory correlation and cerebral blood flow in mild cognitive impairment

2008 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. e113-e114
Author(s):  
C. Sanchez Catasús ◽  
J. Samper ◽  
R. Diaz ◽  
A. Aguila ◽  
Y. Ginarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory
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