An overview on therapeutic role of Diferuloylmethane (Curcumin) in Azheimer’s disease and sleep disorders

Curcumin is widely used in spices in Asia. It has been widely explored for various diseases as therapeutic agent. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with dementia and cognitive disabilities. With the progression of disease, various changes appear in the brain cells that greatly affect the daily routine of the patient including sleep-wake disturbances. In the last few decades, extensive research has been carried out on this disease suggesting the development of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for its treatment. Since long, turmeric has been used in Asian countries as a home remedy for treating various ailments. Curcumin is an active ingredient isolated from the turmeric plant and is composed of curcuminoids. Because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective properties, curcumin can be safely administered to stop the progression of dementia and can be used for the development of such drugs that can reverse the neurotic damage caused by AD. This review article provides a comprehensive overview on the research carried out for AD using curcumin as active model drug.

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A Review on the Effects of Melatonin on Fetal Protection during Pregnancy with Intrauterine Inflammation

JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH ◽

10.21896/jksmch.2020.24.4.196 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 196-203

Author(s):

Jang Mee Kim ◽

Ji Yeon Lee

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Fetal Protection ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

The Brain ◽

Fetal Inflammatory Response

Intrauterine inflammation is defined as the inflammation of the chorion, amnion, and placenta. Untreated inflammation increases the risk of fetal inflammatory response syndrome, which may result in multiorgan diseases involving the brain, cardiovascular system, lung, eye, and intestine. Therefore, controlling inflammation is critical in pregnant women to reduce the risk of diseases. However, there are no safe and effective anti-inflammatory drugs for administration during pregnancy. Although the primary function of melatonin is to control circadian rhythms, it has protective effects against cellular insults occurring from hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. While animal studies support the effective and safe role of melatonin in improving pregnancy-related morbidities, it leaves plenty of opportunities for clinical studies investigating its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protective effects against insults induced by intrauterine inflammation. Therefore, it will be worthwhile to investigate antenatal supplementation of melatonin in pregnant women with intrauterine inflammation to reduce the incidence of associated comorbidities.

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Role of Camphlobacter pylori and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer and pharmacological approaches for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease

Gastroenterology & Hepatology Open Access ◽

10.15406/ghoa.2019.10.00352 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amrish Kumar ◽

Mansi Verma ◽

Vipin Kumar Garg ◽

Avnesh Kumar ◽

Anjana Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peptic Ulcer ◽

Peptic Ulcer Disease ◽

Ulcer Disease ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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The Role of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Respiratory Diseases - Pirfenidone, Penicillamine, Chloroquine and Chlorambucil

Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573398x10666140526234959 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 334-343

Author(s):

Benjamin Courchia ◽

Aya Gozlan ◽

Maor Waldman ◽

Or Kalchiem-Dekel

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Cyclo-oxygenase 2, a putative mediator of vessel remodeling, is expressed in the brain AVM vessels and associates with inflammation

Acta Neurochirurgica ◽

10.1007/s00701-021-04895-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Keränen ◽

Santeri Suutarinen ◽

Rahul Mallick ◽

Johanna P. Laakkonen ◽

Diana Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Vessel Remodeling ◽

Brain Avm ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

The Brain ◽

Cox2 Expression

Abstract Background Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) may rupture causing disability or death. BAVM vessels are characterized by abnormally high flow that in general triggers expansive vessel remodeling mediated by cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX2), the target of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We investigated whether COX2 is expressed in bAVMs and whether it associates with inflammation and haemorrhage in these lesions. Methods Tissue was obtained from surgery of 139 bAVMs and 21 normal Circle of Willis samples. The samples were studied with immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Clinical data was collected from patient records. Results COX2 expression was found in 78% (109/139) of the bAVMs and localized to the vessels’ lumen or medial layer in 70% (95/135) of the bAVMs. Receptors for prostaglandin E2, a COX2-derived mediator of vascular remodeling, were found in the endothelial and smooth muscle cells and perivascular inflammatory cells of bAVMs. COX2 was expressed by infiltrating inflammatory cells and correlated with the extent of inflammation (r = .231, p = .007, Spearman rank correlation). COX2 expression did not associate with haemorrhage. Conclusion COX2 is induced in bAVMs, and possibly participates in the regulation of vessel wall remodelling and ongoing inflammation. Role of COX2 signalling in the pathobiology and clinical course of bAVMs merits further studies.

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Thiophene-Based Compounds with Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14070692 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 692

Author(s):

Ryldene Marques Duarte da Cruz ◽

Francisco Jaime Bezerra Mendonça-Junior ◽

Natália Barbosa de Mélo ◽

Luciana Scotti ◽

Rodrigo Santos Aquino de Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Tiaprofenic Acid ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Drug Candidates ◽

Biological Target ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Privileged Structures

Rheumatoid arthritis, arthrosis and gout, among other chronic inflammatory diseases are public health problems and represent major therapeutic challenges. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most prescribed clinical treatments, despite their severe side effects and their exclusive action in improving symptoms, without effectively promoting the cure. However, recent advances in the fields of pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and chemoinformatics have provided valuable information and opportunities for development of new anti-inflammatory drug candidates. For drug design and discovery, thiophene derivatives are privileged structures. Thiophene-based compounds, like the commercial drugs Tinoridine and Tiaprofenic acid, are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. The present review provides an update on the role of thiophene-based derivatives in inflammation. Studies on mechanisms of action, interactions with receptors (especially against cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX)), and structure-activity relationships are also presented and discussed. The results demonstrate the importance of thiophene-based compounds as privileged structures for the design and discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. The studies reveal important structural characteristics. The presence of carboxylic acids, esters, amines, and amides, as well as methyl and methoxy groups, has been frequently described, and highlights the importance of these groups for anti-inflammatory activity and biological target recognition, especially for inhibition of COX and LOX enzymes.

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