Aortic Augmentation Pressure

Background: Residential proximity to greenness is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. However, it is unclear whether the beneficial effects of greenness are linked to a reduction in the effects of ambient air pollutants. Methods and Results: We measured arterial stiffness in 73 participants with moderate to high CVD risk. Average levels of ambient PM2.5 and ozone were calculated from local monitoring stations. Residential greenness was estimated using satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for a 200m and 1km radius around each participant's home. Participants were 51% female; average age of 52 years; and, 79% had diagnosed hypertension. In multiple linear regression models, residential NDVI was negatively associated with augmentation index (-3.8% per 0.1 NDVI). Ambient levels of PM2.5 (per interquartile range (IQR) of 6.9 μg/m3) were positively associated with augmentation pressure (3.1 mmHg), pulse pressure (5.9 mmHg), and aortic systolic pressure (8.1 mmHg). Ozone (per IQR of 0.03 ppm) was positively associated with augmentation index (5.5%), augmentation pressure (3.1 mmHg), and aortic systolic pressure (10 mmHg). In areas of low greenness, both PM2.5 and ozone were positively associated with pulse pressure. Additionally, ozone was positively associated with augmentation pressure and systolic blood pressure. However, in areas of high greenness, there was no significant association between indices of arterial stiffness with either PM2.5 or ozone.Conclusions: Residential proximity to greenness is associated with lower values of arterial stiffness. Residential greenness may mitigate the adverse effects of PM2.5 and ozone on arterial stiffness.

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Abstract 4688: The Impact of Marfan Syndrome on Arterial Stiffness and Endothelial Function: The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.118.suppl_18.s_930-c ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽

Author(s):

Stella Brilli ◽

Dimitris Tousoulis ◽

Charalambos Antoniades ◽

George Hatzis ◽

Nikos Ioakeimidis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Marfan Syndrome ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Flow Mediated Dilation ◽

Arterial Tree ◽

Augmentation Pressure ◽

The Impact

Background: Marfan syndrome is characterised by high risk of aortic dissections and increased cardiovascular risk. However, the impact of Marfan syndrome on endothelial function and arterial stiffness is unclear, while the role of matrix metalloproteinases is unknown. We examined the impact of Marfan syndrome on the elastic properties of the arterial tree, and vascular endothelial function, and we evaluated the potential role of matrix metalloproteinases in these effects. Methods: The study population consisted of 17 subjects with Marfan syndrome, aged 26.6±2.3 years old, with BMI 20.5±1.03Kg/m2 and 22 healthy individuals matched for gender, age (26.4±0.78 years old, p=NS) and BMI (22.4±0.86 Kg/m2). Arterial stiffness was evaluated by measuring carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), while augmentation pressure and augmentation index (AIx) were also determined, as measures of arterial wave reflections. Endothelial function was evaluated by determining flow mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery while matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) levels were determined by ELISA. Results: Patients with Marfan syndrome had significantly lower pulse pressure in the radial artery (41.0±1.07mmHg) compared to controls (51.3±4.4mmHg). In addition, patients had higher AIx (17.6±2.4%) and augmentation pressure (5.44±0.65mmHg) compared to controls (7.72±3.43% and 2.41±1.14mmHg respectively, p<0.05 for both). However, the difference in PWV between patients and controls did not reach statistical significance (6.33±0.33 vs 5.96±0.23m/s respectively, p=NS). Patients with Marfan syndrome had lower FMD (2.05±1.13%) and higher plasma MMP-9 (827±70ng/ml) compared to controls (6.8±2.3% p<0.05 and 326±50ng/ml, p<0.01). Conclusions: Marfan syndrome is associated with increased MMP-9 levels, as well as with elevated augmentation index and augmentation pressure compared to healthy individuals, matched for age, gender and body mass index. Moreover, flow-mediated dilation is also impaired in these subjects. These findings suggest that Marfan syndrome directly affects the elastic properties and endothelial function of the arterial tree, with matrix metalloproteinases being important mediators in the pathophysiology of this syndrome.

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Influence of aerobic exercise training on post-exercise responses of aortic pulse pressure and augmentation pressure in postmenopausal women

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2015.00268 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Nobuhiko Akazawa ◽

Song-Gyu Ra ◽

Jun Sugawara ◽

Seiji Maeda

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Pulse Pressure ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Augmentation Pressure

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Contribution of arterial excess pressure and arterial stiffness to central augmentation pressure in healthy subjects

International Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.03.166 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 168 (3) ◽

pp. 2899-2900 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. Piskorski ◽

T. Krauze ◽

K. Katulska ◽

M. Wykrętowicz ◽

A. Milewska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Excess Pressure ◽

Augmentation Pressure

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1.6 AUGMENTATION PRESSURE INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATES WITH TIME TO PEAK SYSTOLIC MYOCARDIAL WALL STRESS

Artery Research ◽

10.1016/j.artres.2014.09.055 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 123

Author(s):

H. Gu ◽

M. Sinha ◽

J. Simpson ◽

P. Chowienczyk

Keyword(s):

Wall Stress ◽

Time To Peak ◽

Myocardial Wall ◽

Augmentation Pressure ◽

Myocardial Wall Stress

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The arterial reservoir pressure increases with aging and is the major determinant of the aortic augmentation index

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00875.2009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 298 (2) ◽

pp. H580-H586 ◽

Cited By ~ 116

Author(s):

Justin E. Davies ◽

John Baksi ◽

Darrel P. Francis ◽

Nearchos Hadjiloizou ◽

Zachary I. Whinnett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wave Reflection ◽

Peak Pressure ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Doppler Velocity ◽

Reservoir Pressure ◽

Forward Wave ◽

Reservoir Function ◽

Augmentation Pressure ◽

Age Related ◽

Backward Wave

The augmentation index predicts cardiovascular mortality and is usually explained as a distally reflected wave adding to the forward wave generated by systole. We propose that the capacitative properties of the aorta (the arterial reservoir) also contribute significantly to the augmentation index and have calculated the contribution of the arterial reservoir, independently of wave reflection, and assessed how these contributions change with aging. In 15 subjects (aged 53 ± 10 yr), we measured pressure and Doppler velocity simultaneously in the proximal aorta using intra-arterial wires. We calculated the components of augmentation pressure in two ways: 1) into forward and backward (reflected) components by established separation methods, and 2) using an approach that accounts for an additional reservoir component. When the reservoir was ignored, augmentation pressure (22.7 ± 13.9 mmHg) comprised a small forward wave (peak pressure = 6.5 ± 9.4 mmHg) and a larger backward wave (peak pressure = 16.2 ± 7.6 mmHg). After we took account of the reservoir, the contribution to augmentation pressure of the backward wave was reduced by 64% to 5.8 ± 4.4 mmHg ( P < 0.001), forward pressure was negligible, and reservoir pressure was the largest component (peak pressure = 19.8 ± 9.3 mmHg). With age, reservoir pressure increased progressively (9.9 mmHg/decade, r = 0.69, P < 0.001). In conclusion, the augmentation index is principally determined by aortic reservoir function and other elastic arteries and only to a minor extent by reflected waves. Reservoir function rather than wave reflection changes markedly with aging, which accounts for the age-related changes in the aortic pressure waveform.

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Augmentation Pressure Point P2

10.32388/dhl1vu ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Pressure Point ◽

Augmentation Pressure

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Variation in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation pressure and augmentation index during different phases of menstrual cycle

Annals of Medical Physiology ◽

10.23921/amp.2018v2i3.10454 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 27-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nudrath Kahkashan ◽

Mehnaaz Sameera Arifuddin ◽

Mohammed Abdul Hannan Hazari ◽

Safia Sultana ◽

Farah Fatima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Diastolic Pressure ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Arterial Compliance ◽

Systolic Pressure ◽

Augmentation Pressure

Physiological variation of estrogen and progesterone during menstrual cycle is well known. They not only have an effect on blood pressure control, but also seem to have a role in regulating arterial compliance. This study was done to find out whether there are any changes in central arterial parameters during different phases of menstrual cycle. Thirty female subjects in the age group of 18-22 years with normal, regular menstrual cycles participated in this prospective observational study at our teaching hospital. Anthropometric parameters were recorded. Blood pressure in all 4 limbs was recorded using cardiovascular risk analyzer-Periscope™ on Day 3rd to 5th (follicular phase), Day 12th to 14th (ovulation phase), Day 22nd to 24th (luteal phase) of their menstrual cycle. We collected blood samples during these three phases for estimation of estradiol and progesterone by ELISA technique. Analysis of variance and correlation statistics were done using SPSS 17.0 statistical software. No significant statistical changes were observed in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, aortic systolic pressure, aortic diastolic pressure, aortic augmentation pressure, aortic index and pulse wave velocity during the three recorded phases of the menstrual cycle. There are many studies which correlate changes in peripheral artery blood pressure with different phases of menstrual cycle. But there is scarcity in data available which correlates central arterial pressures and arterial stiffness with natural hormonal variations in different phases of menstrual cycle. However, our results show that although there are subtle changes in blood pressure parameters along with estrogen and progesterone levels throughout the menstrual cycle, yet these were not statistically significant.

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