scholarly journals Associations between Leisure Activities and HIV Risk Behaviors among Rural Migrants in Urban China

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Xinguang Chen ◽  
Xiaoming Li ◽  
Bonita Stanton ◽  
Xiaoyi Fang ◽  
Danhua Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
The Impact

Although much has been documented on factors affecting HIV risk behavior among rural-to-urban migrants in China, data are lacking on the impact of leisure activities. In this study, we examined the association between leisure activities and HIV risk behavior among a sample of rural-to-urban migrants from two large cities (Beijing and Nanjing) in China. Cross-sectional data were analyzed for a sample of 4,085 participants aged 18 to 30 years (40.5% females). Findings from the analysis indicated that although the migrants worked long hours, they engaged in a number of activities when they did not work, including watching television (60.2%), reading (59.1%), sleeping (55.6%), and chatting with friends and co-workers (45.0%). Multiple regression analysis indicated that reading, doing chores (females only), listening to radio programs/audio CDs (male only) were associated with reduced likelihood of HIV risk behavior while playing cards in groups, visiting entertaining installments, watching videos (including Xrated, males only), and wondering around (females only) were associated with increased likelihood of HIV risk behavior. Findings of this study suggest that constructive and individualized activities (e.g., reading, listening to radios, and doing chores) may prevent migrants from engage in HIV risk behaviors while group and entertaining activities related to drugs and sex may increase the odds for migrants to engage in HIV risk behaviors. Prevention research should consider leisure activities as both an influential factor (including time trends and gender differences) for program development and an important venue for program delivery.

Predictors of HIV Risk Behavior in Iranian Women Who Inject Drugs

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Habibi ◽  
Solmaz Farmanfarmaee ◽  
Mohammad Darharaj ◽  
Kaveh Khoshnood ◽  
Joshua J. Matacotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Women Who Inject Drugs

This study aimed to investigate predictors of drug-related HIV risk behaviors among women who inject drugs. A total of 163 women were recruited from harm-reduction-oriented drug-treatment centers in Tehran, Iran. Each completed a set of measures that included the Risk Behavior Assessment, Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition, Revised Self-Efficacy Scale, and Peer Group Beliefs Regarding HIV-related Risk Behaviors Scale. The results indicated that past attempts to abstain from drugs, using methadone maintenance treatment programs, and acceptance of peers’ risky norms were significant predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing predictors of frequency of injection, respectively. Furthermore, predictors of frequency of sharing injection paraphernalia included purchasing drugs jointly with other drug users and peers’ norms conforming injecting drug use behaviors. Harm reduction services that take into consideration cultural and peer norms, as well as the development and implementation of HIV prevention programs, are likely to reduce drug-related HIV risk behaviors in women who inject drugs.

Sex in the New World: An Empowerment Model for HIV Prevention in Latina Immigrant Women

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Gómez ◽  
Mónica Hernández ◽  
Bonnie Faigeles
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Sexual Communication ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Latina Immigrant Women

In 1996, nearly 60% of U.S. AIDS cases among Latinas were attributed to unprotected sex with men. Economic disadvantage, language barriers, and strong cultural gender norms regarding sex exacerbate the risk for HIV infection among Latina immigrant women. Through a collaboration among scientists and providers, this study was designed to evaluate the impact of a multifaceted empowerment program for Latina immigrant women on HIV risk behaviors. Women ( N = 74) were followed for the first 6 months of their participation and attended up to nine distinct types of activities (e.g., information meetings, friendship circles, and workshops). Although the program was not developed to specifically target HIV risk behaviors, women showed significant increases in sexual communication comfort, were less likely to maintain traditional sexual gender norms, and reported changes in decision-making power. Targeting broader sociocultural issues may increase the necessary skills for Latina women to prevent HIV infection from their sexual partners. Successful collaborations between scientists and providers are critical in developing effective, community-relevant interventions.

scholarly journals Recent HIV Risk Behavior and Partnership Type Predict PrEP Adherence in Men Who Have Sex with Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S15-S16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Blumenthal ◽  
Sonia Jain ◽  
Michael Dube ◽  
Xiaoying Sun ◽  
Eric Ellorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Multiple Partners ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background Individuals engaging in higher risk behavior are often more adherent to PrEP but it is unclear if partnership type itself affects PrEP adherence. We examined the effect of recent HIV risk behaviors and partnership type on PrEP adherence in men who have sex with men (MSM) taking PrEP. Methods CCTG 595 is a 48-week PrEP demonstration study of 398 HIV− at-risk MSM. At baseline and week 48, HIV risk score was estimated as the probability of seroconversion over the next year based on number of condomless anal sex acts with HIV+/unknown partners in the last month and any STI diagnosed at study visit. HIV risk score was categorized as low (<0.12), moderate (0.12−0.59) and high (>0.59) risk based on population seroconversion probabilities. Partnership type was assigned as no/single HIV− partner, single HIV+ partner, or multiple partners of any serostatus in the past 3 months. PrEP adherence was estimated by intracellular tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) levels as a continuous variable at week 48. Statistical methods included McNemar’s test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and linear regression model where appropriate. Results Of 313 MSM who completed week 48, there was no significant change in HIV risk category from baseline to week 48 (low: 44 to 42%; moderate: 27 to 24%; high: 28 to 34%; P = 0.25). There was a significant change in partnership type, with the proportion of those with no or single HIV− partnerships increasing (1 to 9%, P < 0.001). In univariate analysis, moderate and high-risk groups had higher TFV-DP levels than the low-risk group at week 48 (P = 0.018). Participants with no/single HIV− partner had significantly lower TFV-DP levels than those with one HIV+ partner or multiple partners (P = 0.007). In a multivariable linear regression model, only low-risk partnerships remained significant where no/single HIV− partnerships were associated with lower TFV-DP levels (mean difference = −344fmol/punch [−617, −71], P = 0.014). Conclusion Although there was a shift in partnership type towards lower risk partnerships, objective HIV risk behavior remained stable over time. Individuals with higher HIV risk behaviors and risk partnerships had higher TFV-DP levels suggesting maintained strong motivation for PrEP adherence. Thus, recent sexual risk behavior and partnership type may be important predictors of PrEP adherence in MSM. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Reducing HIV Risk Behaviors: Perceptions of HIV Risk and Stage of Change

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally J. Stevens ◽  
Antonio L. Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Stage Of Change ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
Injection Drug

The HIV epidemic has had a dramatic impact on the lives of individuals, families, and communities around the world. Originally identified in homosexual men, HIV increasingly affects others, including: (1) those who inject drugs, (2) non-injection drug users who engage in unsafe sex, and (3) non-drug using heterosexuals who engage in high-risk sexual behaviors. The need for effective HIV prevention interventions is critical. All too often interventions have lacked sound theoretical frameworks. However, some attempts have been made to ground HIV risk behavior interventions in behavior theories such as: (1) the health belief model, (2) cognitive social learning theory, (3) the theory of reasoned action, and (4) the transtheoretical model of behavior change (TMBC). This paper describes an HIV prevention intervention that was developed from the TMBC model. The TMBC model hypothesizes stages of change. In this study, injection drug users (IDUs), crack cocaine users (CCUs), and female sexual partners of IDUs and CCUs identified their stage of change and were given an intervention based upon their identified stage. Baseline and post intervention follow-up data were obtained on participants' perceived stage and reported HIV sexual risk behavior. The data indicated that there was little congruence between perceived stage and reported risk. In spite of this incongruence, significant decreases in HIV risk behaviors were evidenced.

Changes in HIV risk behavior among injecting drug users: the impact of 21 versus 90 days of methadone detoxification

AIDS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 1719-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Y. Iguchi ◽  
Donald A. Bux ◽  
Victor Lidz ◽  
John F. French ◽  
Robert C. Baxter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Untangling the Impact of Sexual Abuse on HIV Risk Behaviors Among Youths in Foster Care

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane E. Elze ◽  
Wendy Auslander ◽  
Curtis McMillen ◽  
Tonya Edmond ◽  
Ron Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
The Impact

Are We Reaching and Enrolling at-Risk Drug Users for Prevention Studies?

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee M. Cunningham ◽  
Linda B. Cottler ◽  
Wilson M. Compton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Street Outreach ◽  
Prevention Studies ◽  
Hiv Risk Reduction Interventions

The St. Louis EachOneTeachOne (EOTO) project is a National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)-funded cooperative agreement aimed at examining rates of HIV risk behaviors and studying HIV risk reduction interventions among out-of-treatment injection and crack cocaine drug users. This paper uses data collected during the first year of recruitment and enrollment to document the effect of street outreach on HIV risk behavior involvement. The major findings are that: (1) men reported more HIV risk behaviors than did women, but the results failed to show striking racial or ethnic differences; (2) we successfully enrolled women in spite of the fact that our women street contacts were largely ineligible to enroll in EOTO; and (3) actual EOTO enrollees, compared with all street contacts and eligible street contacts, engaged in fewer HIV risk behaviors. These results imply that strategies in addition to street outreach may be needed to enlist more individuals, particularly whites and women who are engaging in the highest risk drug and sexual behaviors.

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