TRAVEL ASSOCIATED CASES OF CHIKUNGUNYA FEVER (CHIKF) IN ISLAMABAD DECEMBER, 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Amjad Mehmood ◽  
Mumtaz Ali Khan ◽  
Fawad Khalid Khan ◽  
Zakir Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
High Grade Fever ◽  
Chikungunya Fever ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Conclusive Diagnosis ◽  
Local Health Authorities ◽  
Arboviral Disease

Due to significant climate changes in Pakistan and other Asian countries, the rising temperature has supported outbreak of many Arboviral illnesses. Cases of Chikungunya, an arboviral disease, started to surface in the second week of November, 2016. Karachi being the largest city of Pakistan, a large number of people travel from Karachi to other areas of Pakistan every day. Two cases travelled from Karachi to Islamabad and developed flu like illness with high grade fever and body aches. Both cases were hospitalized and investigated for conclusive diagnosis. Investigations revealed that both cases were positive for Chikungunya fever. These were first travel associated cases in Islamabad, originated from Karachi. After identification of these cases, necessary preventive & control measures were taken by local health authorities to contain the spread of disease. Dengue and Chikungunya transmitted through the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) and there is an urgent need to take appropriate measures in all dengue endemic areas because there is a potential risk of massive Chikungunya outbreaks in areas where the vector is populated.

scholarly journals Clusters of travel associated legionnaires' disease in France, September 2001- August 2003

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Decludt ◽  
C Campese ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Local Health Authorities ◽  
Tourist Accommodation ◽  
National Surveillance System

Clusters of travel associated legionnaires' disease warrant urgent attention, and are detected by the French national surveillance system and the European network EWGLINET. Between September 2001 and August 2003, 37 clusters were identified in French tourist accommodation: 27 hotels and 10 campsites. The number of clinical cases per cluster was as follows: 30 clusters of 2 cases (81%), 6 clusters of 3 cases (16%) and one cluster of 4 cases (3%), a total of 82 cases. The local health authorities performed environmental investigations for 36 of the 37 clusters. Among the 36 clusters investigated, water samples were collected for 35. At 16 (46%) sites, Legionella pneumophila was found at a level of more than 103 cfu/litre. In all of the accommodation where risk assessment was found to be inadequate- control measures were implemented immediately. Six hotels were closed immediately following cluster alerts. Comparison of clinical and environmental isolates by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was possible in 3 clusters and identical genomic profiles of the isolates were found in all. During this two year period of surveillance, we found that on many sites there has been a risk of exposure to Legionella. This reinforces the importance of the European surveillance network and the timely notifications of all the cases to EWGLINET.

scholarly journals Ongoing outbreak of dengue type 1 in the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal: preliminary report

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Sousa ◽  
M Clairouin ◽  
G Seixas ◽  
B Viveiros ◽  
M T Novo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Local Health Authorities

Following the identification of two autochthonous cases of dengue type 1 on 3 October 2012, an outbreak of dengue fever has been reported in Madeira, Portugal. As of 25 November, 1,891 cases have been detected on the island where the vector Aedes aegypti had been established in some areas since 2005. This event represents the first epidemic of dengue fever in Europe since 1928 and concerted control measures have been initiated by local health authorities.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Prevalence of Schistosomiasis in the Volta Region of Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Kristina Zakhary
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Volta Lake ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Aggressive Action ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Local Health Authorities

The construction of the Akosombo dam in 1964 and the Kpong dam in 1981 on the Volta River created the Volta Lake in Ghana, West Africa. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dam construction on schistosomiasis prevalence. Several reports from numerous sources which together spanned a period of time from before the dams were built to recent years were analyzed. Four representative villages were chosen based on their locations with respect to the dams. Also examined were the efforts made by local health authorities to combat the current problem and to what degree their efforts have been successful. A marked rise in schistosomiasis prevalence following dam construction is observed in villages located in close proximity to the Volta Lake. In villages where aggressive action has been taken to correct this problem, a significant decrease in disease prevalence can be seen, demonstrating the importance of implementing proper disease control measures.

scholarly journals Reflections on the Cluster Epidemic of COVID-19; Lessons Learned from Wuhan’s Experience: A Brief Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan ZHOU ◽  
Sufang HUANG ◽  
Yaru XIAO ◽  
Miqi LI ◽  
Zhiran GUO
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Local Health Authorities ◽  
And Control

At present, new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is circulating worldwide. The pathogen of this coronavirus pneumonia is named SARS-CoV-2. The virus has a long incubation period and is highly contagious. There is currently no specific targeted drug treatment. The focus of anti-epidemic work should be more on prevention and control while cutting off the virus transmission route while treating infected patients, and protecting healthy people. In order to protect the safety and health of the Chinese citizens and to maintain the safety of world public health, the Chinese government and people have made unprecedented efforts to control the epidemic. Many people in the international community have joined in limiting the spread of COVID-19. This article combines the development of COVID-19 epidemic situation in Wuhan, the relevant prevention and control measures of the Wuhan government and local health authorities to share Wuhan’s experience on control the cluster epidemic and provide new suggestions and ideas for epidemic prevention and control.

OBSTETRICS AND LOCAL HEALTH AUTHORITIES

BMJ ◽  
1924 ◽  
Vol 2 (3329) ◽  
pp. 741-742
Author(s):  
J. G. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Local Health ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Local Health Authorities

scholarly journals Mobility, exposure, and epidemiological timelines of COVID-19 infections in China outside Hubei province

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Fan Liu ◽  
Xiao-Ke Xu ◽  
Ye Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hubei Province ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Virus Exposure ◽  
Public Disclosures ◽  
Local Health Authorities

AbstractThe 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is pseudonymously linked to more than 100 million cases in the world as of January 2021. High-quality data are needed but lacking in the understanding of and fighting against COVID-19. We provide a complete and updating hand-coded line-list dataset containing detailed information of the cases in China and outside the epicenter in Hubei province. The data are extracted from public disclosures by local health authorities, starting from January 19. This dataset contains a very rich set of features for the characterization of COVID-19’s epidemiological properties, including individual cases’ demographic information, travel history, potential virus exposure scenario, contacts with known infections, and timelines of symptom onset, quarantine, infection confirmation, and hospitalization. These cases can be considered the baseline COVID-19 transmissibility under extreme mitigation measures, and therefore, a reference for comparative scientific investigation and public policymaking.

scholarly journals Childhood Immunisation Coverage during the COVID-19 Epidemic in Italy

Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Michela Sabbatucci ◽  
Anna Odone ◽  
Carlo Signorelli ◽  
Andrea Siddu ◽  
Andrea Silenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
National Health System ◽  
P Value ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Rate Decrease ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Childhood Vaccine ◽  
Local Health Authorities

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected national healthcare systems worldwide, with around 282 million cumulative confirmed cases reported in over 220 countries and territories as of the end of 2021. The Italian National Health System was heavily affected, with detrimental impacts on preventive service delivery. Routine vaccination services were disrupted across the country during the first months of the pandemic, and both access to and demand for vaccines have decreased during the pandemic. In many cases, parents preferred to postpone scheduled appointments for routine paediatric vaccinations because of stay-at-home orders or fear of COVID-19 infection when accessing care. The objective of the current study was to assess the routine childhood vaccine coverage (VC) rates during the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy. We compared 2020 and 2019 VC by age group and vaccine type. The Italian Ministry of Health collected anonymised and aggregated immunisation national data through the local health authorities (LHAs). Results were considered statistically significant at a two-tailed p-value ≤ 0.05. VC rates for mandatory vaccinations decreased in 2020 compared to 2019 (range of VC rate decrease: −1% to −2.7%), while chicken pox increased (+2.2%) in 7-year-old children. Recommended vaccinations were moderately affected (range of VC rate decrease in 2020 vs. 2019: −1.4% to −8.5%), with the exception of anti-HPV in males, Men ACWY, and anti-rotavirus vaccination (VC increase 2020 vs. 2019: +1.8%, +4.7% and +9.4%, respectively). In the COVID-19 era, the implementation of coherent, transparent, and effective communication campaigns and educational programs on safe childhood vaccinations, together with the increase in the number of healthcare staff employed, is essential to support strategies to reinforce vaccination confidence and behaviour, thus avoiding health threats due to VPD during and beyond COVID-19 times.

The Public Health Police

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Hoppe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Local Health Authorities

As the HIV epidemic wore on in the 2000s, public health authorities became enamored with the idea of “ending AIDS.” That is, if they could just get HIV-positive people to take their pills and stop infecting other people. Health departments began to track HIV-positive clients more closely, aiming to control their behavior and ensure their adherence to treatment regimens. This chapter explores how local health authorities ensure that HIV-positive clients behave in a manner officials deem responsible—and how they catch and punish those who do not. While the state maintains that the work of local health officials is done solely in the interests of promoting public health, their efforts to control HIV-positive clients reveal that they are also engaged in policing and law enforcement.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal distribution of a non-haematophagous bat community and rabies virus circulation: a proposal for urban rabies surveillance in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Dias ◽  
F. Rocha ◽  
F. M. Ulloa-Stanojlovic ◽  
A. Nitsche ◽  
C. Castagna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Passive Surveillance System ◽  
Local Health Authorities ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The City

AbstractIn Brazil, rabies surveillance is based on monitoring domestic and wild animals, although the most prevalent lineage of the rabies virus (RABV) currently diagnosed in Brazil is associated with bats, particularly non-haematophagous bats. Disease control is based on the mass vaccination of dogs and cats. We used data collected by the passive surveillance system of the city of Campinas from 2011 to 2015, to describe the temporal and geographic distributions of the bat specimens and RABV and discuss the current rabies surveillance with the advent of the declaration of canine and feline rabies-free areas in Brazil. We described the species, locations and health statuses of the collected bat specimens. Moreover, all samples were submitted for RABV diagnosis. Then, we performed a time series decomposition for each bat family. Additionally, we determined the spatiotemporal relative risk for RABV infection using the ratio of the kernel-smoothed estimates of spatiotemporal densities of RABV-positive and RABV-negative bats. From the 2537 bat specimens, the most numerous family was Molossidae (72%), followed by Vespertilionidae (14%) and Phyllostomidae (13%). The bat families behaved differently in terms of seasonal and spatial patterns. The distribution of bats varied geographically in the urban environment, with Molossidae and Phyllostomidae being observed downtown and Vespertilionidae being observed in peripheral zones. Concurrently, a significant relative risk of RABV infection was observed downtown for Vespertilionidae and in peripheral zones for Molossidae. No RABV-positive sample clusters were observed. As a result of the official declaration of RABV-free areas in southern Brazil, mass dog and cat vaccinations are expected to halt in the near future. This stoppage would make most dog and cat populations susceptible to other RABV lineages, such as those maintained by non-haematophagous bats. In this scenario, all information available on bats and RABV distribution in urban areas is essential. Currently, few studies have been conducted. Some local health authorities, such as that in Campinas, are spontaneously basing their surveillance efforts on bat rabies, which is the alternative in reality scenario of increased susceptibility to bat-associated RABV that is developing in Brazil.

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