State primary standard of optical density unit GET 206-2016

The description of the State Primary Standard of optical density unit GET 206-2016 is given. The principle of operation of the standard, based on filtering the luminous flux of transmitted and reflected light, is described. The composition of the standard and its metrological characteristics are presented. Data on the study of the geometric and spectral characteristics of the standard are presented. Currently, GET 206-2016 allows solving the problems of metrological support of optical transmittance density measuring instruments (radiographic non-destructive quality control of materials in various industries) and optical reflection density measuring instruments (printing, applications of energy-saving and graphic technologies).

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The state primary standard of luminous flux for metrological support of measurements of led lamps in Ukraine

Ukrainian Metrological Journal ◽

10.24027/2306-7039.3.2016.86673 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 0 (3) ◽

pp. 43-46

Author(s):

Николай Вадимович Гурьев

Keyword(s):

Metrological Support ◽

Primary Standard ◽

Luminous Flux ◽

The State ◽

State Primary Standard

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Research of the State Primary Standard of the unit of scaling factor of AC voltage up to 750/√3 kV

Ukrainian Metrological Journal ◽

10.24027/2306-7039.1.2021.228174 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 9-14

Author(s):

Yurii Anokhin ◽

Oleh Velychko

Keyword(s):

High Voltage ◽

Primary Standard ◽

National Level ◽

Practical Importance ◽

Scaling Factor ◽

The State ◽

State Primary Standard ◽

Measuring Instruments ◽

Measurement Standards ◽

Uncertainty Of Measurements

All electrical energy is produced, transmitted and distributed at high voltages. In this case, the measurement of the amount of electricity is carried out by electricity meters together with voltage transformers (VTs). The largest capacities are transmitted and distributed on power transmission lines of voltage of class 750 kV. In Ukraine there are about two hundred measuring VTs of class 750 kV. In addition, power facilities have been actively built recently, which will also require the installation of 750 kV transformers. Working VTs of substations for a class of 750 kV may have great weight and dimensions. Their height is 7 m and weight is 4000 kg. Working measurement standards have the same weight and dimensions. Therefore, obtaining the size of a physical quantity from the measurement standards of other countries is very difficult for two reasons: it is very difficult to transport such working measurement standards abroad; only a few countries have measuring instruments with a voltage of 750 kV. The purpose of the article is to highlight the results of researches of the State Primary Standard of the unit of scaling factor of alternating current (AC) voltage up to 750/√3 kV, in particular: formation of the composition of a set of measuring instruments for the reproduction of the unit of scaling factor; establishing a method for reproducing the unit of scaling factor; estimation of uncertainty of measurements and other metrological characteristics while transferring the unit of scaling factor. The article presents the results of the research of the newly established State Primary Standard of the unit of scaling factor of AC voltage up to 750/√3 kV, which are of great practical importance. Those researches are aimed at improving the metrological traceability of AC high-voltage at the national level. Keywords: AC high-voltage; measurement standard; measurement; calibration; uncertainty of measurement.

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Metrological Assurance of Gas Calorimeter and Wobbe Index Analyser

Reference materials ◽

10.20915/2687-0886-2021-17-2-19-32 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 19-32

Author(s):

K. A. Mishina Mishina ◽

E. N. Korchagina ◽

Ia. V. Kazartsev

Keyword(s):

Reference Materials ◽

Primary Standard ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Metrological Assurance ◽

State Primary Standard ◽

Measuring Instruments ◽

Target Uncertainty ◽

Combustion Energy ◽

Certified Value ◽

Wobbe Index

The paper describes research on metrological assurance of such measuring instruments as gas calorimeters and Wobbe index analysers. The purpose of the performed research is development of reference materials for gases with certified value of net volume-basis calorific value traceable to Russian state primary standard. Input set of candidate gases is hydrogen, methane, ethane and propane, as well as the target uncertainty of lower volumetric combustion energy value equal to 0,3 % – both were selected basing on results of metrological characteristics analysis of calorimetric equipment. The certified value of lower volumetric combustion energy is traceable to the State Primary Standard of combustion energy, specific combustion energy and volumetric combustion energy units GET 16. The certified value of selected gases and the uncertainty of this value were estimated with usage of comparing calorimeters for the combustion of high- and low-calorie gases «USVG» and «USNG» included in GET 16. Results obtained during investigational study and reference materials characterisation confirmed the stated accuracy. The continuance in prospect may allow development of reference materials for gas imitating mixtures of natural and casing-head gases as well as include Wobbe index in the list of certified characteristics.

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Research on expanding the range of reproduction of magnetic flux density of the DC field of the state primary standard GET12-2011

Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika ◽

10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-4-3-7 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 3-7

Author(s):

Vladlen Ya. Shifrin ◽

Denis I. Belyakov ◽

Alexander E. Shilov ◽

Denis D. Kosenko

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Flux ◽

Magnetic Induction ◽

Frequency Conversion ◽

Magnetic Measurements ◽

Primary Standard ◽

Uncertainty Budget ◽

The State ◽

State Primary Standard ◽

Magnetic Flux Density ◽

Constant Field

The results of works aimed at increasing the level of uniformity of measurements of the magnetic induction of a constant field – the basic value in the field of magnetic measurements. A set of equipment for reproducing a unit of magnetic induction of a constant field in the range of 1–25 mT was created and described. The inclusion of this complex in the State primary standard of units of magnetic induction, magnetic flux, magnetic moment and magnetic induction gradient GET 12-2011 will ensure the reproduction and direct transmission of the unit of permanent magnetic induction in the ranges of not only weak (10–3–1 mT), but medium (1–25 mT) and strong (0.025–1 T) magnetic fields. A quantum cesium magnetometer based on the resolved structure of cesium atoms was created to transmit the unit of magnetic induction to the region of medium fields. The procedure for calculating the frequency conversion coefficients to magnetic induction of the created quantum cesium magnetometer is described. The uncertainty budget for reproducing a unit of magnetic induction of a constant field using the created complex is estimated.

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STUDY OF HOMOGENEITY, POROSITY AND INTERNAL DEFECTS IN AERATED AND EPS AGGREGATE POLY BRICKS USING NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS ◽

10.24297/jap.v7i2.1699 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 1428-1439

Author(s):

Khurshed Alam ◽

Md. Sayeedur Rahman ◽

Md. Mostafizur Rahman ◽

S. M. Azaharul Islam

Keyword(s):

Optical Density ◽

Neutron Radiography ◽

Density Variation ◽

Expanded Polystyrene ◽

Elemental Distribution ◽

Non Destructive Testing ◽

Internal Defects ◽

Destructive Testing ◽

Radiographic Images ◽

Non Destructive

A powerful non-destructive testing (NDT) technique is adopted to study the internal defects and elemental distribution/homogeneity and porosity of aerated brick and EPS aggregate poly brick samples. In the present study the internal defects like homogeneity, porosity, elemental distribution, EPS aggregate and aerator distributor in the test samples have been observed by the measurement of gray value/optical density of the neutron radiographic images of these samples. From this measurement it is found that the neutron intensity/optical density variation with the pixel distance of the AOI of the NR images in both expanded polystyrene (EPS) aggregate poly brick and aerated brick samples comply almost same in nature with respect to the whole AOI but individually each AOI shows different nature from one AOI to another and it confirms that the elemental distribution within a AOI is almost homogeneous. Finally it was concluded that homogeneity, elemental distribution in the EPS aggregate poly brick sample is better than that of the aerated brick sample.Â

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DESIGN OF THE VIRTUAL DEVICE FOR THE SIGNAL SPECTRUM CALCULATION IN THE LABVIEW ENVIRONMENT

Visnyk Universytetu “Ukraina” ◽

10.36994/2707-4110-2019-2-23-12 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Tossenko O.M.

Keyword(s):

Virtual Instrument ◽

Spectral Characteristics ◽

Spectral Composition ◽

Automated System ◽

Signal Spectrum ◽

Measuring Instruments ◽

Specific Information ◽

Measuring Device ◽

Virtual Device ◽

Graphical Tool

The development of measuring instruments requires a specialist to know the principles of operation of advanced measuring systems. This article describes guidelines for creating a virtual appliance in LabVIEW. LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench) is a graphical application programming environment used as a standard tool for measuring, analyzing their data, further ma naging devices and objects under study. LabVIEW language is not like other programming languages. It does not create a program, but a virtual tool, designed not only for the simulation of certain processes, but also for the management of hardware and the study of real physical objects. The article deals with the task of designing application software for a specific information-measuring device, analyzes the capabilities of the LabVIEW environment for spectral analysis of various signals, outlines the basic principles and techniques of programming within the framework of the LabVIEW graphical environment during the basic stages of development. The procedure for creating a virtual device is described, which allows to evaluate the spectral composition of the signals, presents a graphical code of execution (diagram) to the program and a graphical tool interface of the virtual device. A number of basic elements used to develop the program are described. The simplicity of the graphic designs, the ease of installation on the field of the program, the clarity and readability of the program — all of which makes LabVIEW preferred over other languages of programming. In most cases, the experiment is the only source of reliable information. And the result is achieved much faster than the methods of "pure" theory. The article substantiates the effectiveness of using a development tool that allows to obtain a software product and ensure the fulfillment of all the basic functions of an automated system. Developing a software algorithm for calculating statistical parameters will help engineering students understand the order of determining spectral characteristics and their place in the structure of experimental research.

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