scholarly journals Measurements of gas and particle phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) in Ho Chi Minh city in the period of 2017 to 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
To Thi Hien ◽  
Nguyen Doan Thien Chi ◽  
Tran Anh Ngan ◽  
Duong Huu Huy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Particle Fraction ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

This study was conducted to assess the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) between gas and particle phase in the ambient air in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of 2017 to 2018. Gas and particle phase PAHs samples were collected at five sites in Ho Chi Minh City in a period between March 2017 and February 2018. Particle phase PAHs were collected on glass fiber filters and gas phase PAHs were adsorbed on polyurethane foams (PUFs). Gas and particle phase PAHs were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC-FLD). In the rainy season, the results shown that total PAHs concentrations in the gas phase was 43.16 ± 19.36 ng/m3 while that in the particle phase was 5.82 ± 3.96 ng/m3. In the dry season, total PAHs concentrations in the gas phase was 40.66 ± 15.14 ng/m3 and in the particle phase was 4.50 ± 2.54 ng/m3. The total concentration of 14 PAHs in the gas phase (42.08 ± 17.62 ng/m3) accounted for over 85% of the total concentration. High molecular weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs) had the highest concentration in the particle phase, accounting for about 78% of the total concentration of 14 PAHs. In contrast, in the gas phase, low molecular weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs) was dominated, accounting for over 65% of the total concentration of 14 PAHs. Particle fraction was obtained to understand the particle/gas phase partitioning of PAHs in ambient air in Ho Chi Minh City. Moreover, particle fraction and logPL0 have a non-linear correlation. Source apportionment of PAHs was carried out by using PMF model. The PMF results indicate four factors that affect PAHs concentrations in Ho Chi Minh City. In four factors, vehicular emission contributed strongly to PAHs concentrations.    

scholarly journals GAS–PARTICLE PARTITIONING OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS - PAHs IN AMBIENT AIR IN HOCHIMINH CITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4C) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Nguyen Doan Thien Chi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pahs Concentration

This research conducted an analysis of 14 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in gas and particle-phase in ambient air in Hochiminh City to investigate their occurence and the gas/particle distribution. Gas and particle samples were collected from June to August 2015 in Hochiminh City and PAHs were treated and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC/FLD). Results showed that average concentration of 14 PAHs were from 6.4 to 29.8 ng/m3 and from 50.7 to 133 ng/m3 in particle-phase and in gas-phase, respectively. The concentration of PAHs in the gas-phase accounted for more than 80% of total PAHs concentration in which low molecular weight PAHs as the dominant PAHs. Meanwhile, high molecular weight PAHs distributed mainly in particle-phase. The particle-phase fraction Φ was obtained to understand the partitioning.

Characteristics of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Gas and Particle Phase in April and July 2011 in Beijing, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang Cheng ◽  
Shao Dong Xie
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Major Fraction ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Beijing China

Presence of atmospheric PAHs in urban and suburban region (Beijing, China) was studied in April and July 2011. Forty-four pairs of gas and particle (TSP) phase samples were collected every six day by high volume (Hi-Vol) air samplers at four sampling sites, and determined separately by GC/MS based on USEPA Method TO-13A. Average total concentration (gas + particles) of PAHs (T-PAHs) was 135.1±49.0 ng/m3 and 181.2±40.9 ng/m3 in April and July, respectively. Gas phase PAHs (G-PAHs) was the major fraction, comprising 63–92% of T-PAHs. Lighter (2-, 3-, 4-ring) and heavier (5-,6-ring) PAHs were found predominantly in gas and particle phase, respectively. 2- to 6- ring PAHs contributed 10%, 53%, 26%, 7% and 4% of T-PAHs, respectively. Five major PAHs, naphthalene (NAP), fluorene (FLU), PHE, fluoranthene (FLA), and pyrene (PYR) contributed 70 – 90% of T-PAHs. G-PAHs increased significantly while PAHs in particle phase (P-PAHs) decreased from April to July. Volatilization from soil and more emission from power generation increase might explain the increase of G-PAHs, and the washout of P-PAHs along with particles might explain the decrease of P-PAHs. Given particulate organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) being well correlated, P-PAHs was moderately correlated with OC and EC, suggesting that there were other mechanisms contributing to P-PAHs different from those of OC/EC. Significant correlation between P-PAHs with SO2 and NO2 suggested coal combustion and automobile exhaust to be contamination contributors.

scholarly journals Characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emissions of diesel fuel from diesel generator

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Phuong Nu Thanh Ton ◽  
Vinh Xuan Le ◽  
Hien Thi To ◽  
Takenaka Norimichi
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

This study evaluated PM and total PAHs emission factor from the exhaust of diesel fuel on diesel generator. The testing was performed under an idling state. The result showed that concentration of PAHs in gas phase and particle phase was 180.12; 3.90 µg/m3, respectively. The PAHs compound in gas phase emission were mostly Naph, Ace; in particle phase emission were mostly Phe, Flu, Pyr. Emission factor of PM and PAHs were respectively 338.43 mg/m3, 7133.46 mg/L.

scholarly journals Variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxidative derivatives in wintertime Beijing, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 8741-8758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atallah Elzein ◽  
Rachel E. Dunmore ◽  
Martyn W. Ward ◽  
Jacqueline F. Hamilton ◽  
Alastair C. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Naphthalic Anhydride ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract. Ambient particulate matter (PM) can contain a mix of different toxic species derived from a wide variety of sources. This study quantifies the diurnal variation and nocturnal abundance of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 10 oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) and 9 nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) in ambient PM in central Beijing during winter. Target compounds were identified and quantified using gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-Q-ToF-MS). The total concentration of PAHs varied between 18 and 297 ng m−3 over 3 h daytime filter samples and from 23 to 165 ng m−3 in 15 h night-time samples. The total concentrations of PAHs over 24 h varied between 37 and 180 ng m−3 (mean: 97±43 ng m−3). The total daytime concentrations during high particulate loading conditions for PAHs, OPAHs and NPAHs were 224, 54 and 2.3 ng m−3, respectively. The most abundant PAHs were fluoranthene (33 ng m−3), chrysene (27 ng m−3), pyrene (27 ng m−3), benzo[a]pyrene (27 ng m−3), benzo[b]fluoranthene (25 ng m−3), benzo[a]anthracene (20 ng m−3) and phenanthrene (18 ng m−3). The most abundant OPAHs were 9,10-anthraquinone (18 ng m−3), 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (14 ng m−3) and 9-fluorenone (12 ng m−3), and the three most abundant NPAHs were 9-nitroanthracene (0.84 ng m−3), 3-nitrofluoranthene (0.78 ng m−3) and 3-nitrodibenzofuran (0.45 ng m−3). ∑PAHs and ∑OPAHs showed a strong positive correlation with the gas-phase abundance of NO, CO, SO2 and HONO, indicating that PAHs and OPAHs can be associated with both local and regional emissions. Diagnostic ratios suggested emissions from traffic road and coal combustion were the predominant sources of PAHs in Beijing and also revealed the main source of NPAHs to be secondary photochemical formation rather than primary emissions. PM2.5 and NPAHs showed a strong correlation with gas-phase HONO. 9-Nitroanthracene appeared to undergo a photodegradation during the daytime and showed a strong positive correlation with ambient HONO (R=0.90, P < 0.001). The lifetime excess lung cancer risk for those species that have available toxicological data (16 PAHs, 1 OPAH and 6 NPAHs) was calculated to be in the range 10−5 to 10−3 (risk per million people ranges from 26 to 2053 cases per year).

scholarly journals Distributions, Sources, and Backward Trajectories of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at Lake Small Baiyangdian, Northern China

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Qin ◽  
Xiang-Zhen Kong ◽  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Qi-Shuang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Particulate Phase ◽  
Backward Trajectories ◽  
Dust Fall ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Air samples were collected seasonally at Lake Small Baiyangdian, a shallow lake in northern China, between October 2007 and September 2008. Gas phase, particulate phase and dust fall concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The distribution and partitioning of atmospheric PAHs were studied, and the major sources were identified; the backward trajectories of air masses starting from the center of Lake Small Baiyangdian were calculated for the entire year. The following results were obtained: (1) The total concentration of 16 priority controlled PAHs (PAH16) in the gas phase was417.2±299.8 ng·m−3, in the particulate phase was150.9±99.2 ng·m−3, and in dust fall was6930.2±3206.5 ng·g−1. (2) Vehicle emission, coal combustion, and biomass combustion were the major sources in the Small Baiyangdian atmosphere and accounted for 28.9%, 45.1% and 26.0% of the total PAHs, respectively. (3) Winter was dominated by relatively greater PAHs polluted northwesterly air mass pathways. Summer showed a dominant relatively clean southern pathway, whereas the trajectories in autumn and spring might be associated with high pollution from Shanxi or Henan province.

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