scholarly journals Nyitni vagy nem nyitni? – Pilisi barlangok szellőzöttsége a geokémiai adatok tükrében

2021 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-231
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Geochemical Analysis ◽  
Cave System ◽  
Cave Environment ◽  
Carbonate Formations ◽  
The Given

Speleothem formations are one of the most important and informative objects in paleoclimatological research. However, in order to interpret the data that reflect environmental conditions, we have to know the operation of the given cave, and it should be determined how the composition of the carbonate formed at the given site is related to the changes in the environmental parameters. The study presents the results of stable isotope geochemical analysis of speleothem formations and carbonate precipitated on glass plates collected in the Vacska Cave (Pilis Hills). The youngest layer of carbonate formations, formed in the last 1-2 decades, shows an isotope fractionation sign indicating strong ventilation, with the exception of a single site farthest from the entrance to the cave. The isotope shift was also accompanied by a change in carbonate fabric. Preceding the fabric change, the carbonate of the speleothem formations did not show ventilation-related shifts in the isotope compositions, suggesting that the exploration and opening of the cave areas may have caused the change. Based on this, we recommend the installation of local closures in the Vacska Cave and in the entire Ariadne cave system. The study provides a good example of how the results of basic research can be utilized in practical environmental protection, in the preservation of a strictly protected cave environment.

scholarly journals Rudjer Bošković Institute Radiocarbon Measurements XII

Radiocarbon ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušan Srdoč ◽  
Nada Horvantinčić ◽  
Ines Krajcar Bronić ◽  
Bogomil Obelić ◽  
Adela Sliepčević
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Stable Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Calcareous Deposits ◽  
Standard Deviations

We present here radiocarbon analyses made since our previous list (Srdoč et al. 1989). Sample pretreatment, combustion and counting techniques are essentially the same as described previously (Srdoč, Breyer & Sliepčević 1971), supplemented by new techniques for groundwater processing (Srdoč et al. 1979). The calculation of ages follows conventional protocol (Stuiver & Polach 1977). These ages can be converted from the 5570-year half-life to the chronometrically more correct half-life of 5730 years by multiplying by the factor, 1.029. Ages and standard deviations of all samples are adjusted for stable isotope fractionation according to the recommendations in Stuiver and Polach (1977), except for groundwater, calcareous deposits and aquatic plants. The δ13C values of the latter reflect the environmental conditions during their formation or growth rather than fractionation (Mook 1976; Krajcar Bronić et al. 1986; Marčenko et al. 1989). Thus, any percent modern (pMC) correction based on δ13C values is meaningless or even misleading. Sample descriptions are prepared in collaboration with collectors and submitters. Calibrated ages were calculated using the program of Stuiver and Reimer (1987).

Information support for expert evaluation of the states of the external environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Rasol Murtadha Najah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Fuzzy Variables ◽  
Decision Making Models ◽  
The Difference ◽  
State Of The Environment

This article discusses the application of methods to enhance the knowledge of experts to build a decision-making model based on the processing of physical data on the real state of the environment. Environmental parameters determine its ecological state. To carry out research in the field of expert assessment of environmental conditions, the analysis of known works in this field is carried out. The results of the analysis made it possible to justify the relevance of the application of analytical, stochastic models and models based on methods of enhancing the knowledge of experts — experts. It is concluded that the results of using analytical and stochastic objects are inaccurate, due to the complexity and poor mathematical description of the objects. The relevance of developing information support for an expert assessment of environmental conditions is substantiated. The difference of this article is that based on the analysis of the application of expert methods for assessing the state of the environment, a fuzzy logic adoption model and information support for assessing the environmental state of the environment are proposed. The formalization of the parameters of decision-making models using linguistic and fuzzy variables is considered. The formalization of parameters of decision-making models using linguistic and fuzzy variables was considered. The model’s description of fuzzy inference is given. The use of information support for environment state assessment is shown on the example of experts assessing of the land desertification stage.

scholarly journals Unravelling the process of petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation in different filter materials of constructed wetlands by stable isotope fractionation and labelling studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Watzinger ◽  
Melanie Hager ◽  
Thomas Reichenauer ◽  
Gerhard Soja ◽  
Paul Kinner
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Stable Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Filter Materials

AbstractMaintaining and supporting complete biodegradation during remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater in constructed wetlands is vital for the final destruction and removal of contaminants. We aimed to compare and gain insight into biodegradation and explore possible limitations in different filter materials (sand, sand amended with biochar, expanded clay). These filters were collected from constructed wetlands after two years of operation and batch experiments were conducted using two stable isotope techniques; (i) carbon isotope labelling of hexadecane and (ii) hydrogen isotope fractionation of decane. Both hydrocarbon compounds hexadecane and decane were biodegraded. The mineralization rate of hexadecane was higher in the sandy filter material (3.6 µg CO2 g−1 day−1) than in the expanded clay (1.0 µg CO2 g−1 day−1). The microbial community of the constructed wetland microcosms was dominated by Gram negative bacteria and fungi and was specific for the different filter materials while hexadecane was primarily anabolized by bacteria. Adsorption / desorption of petroleum hydrocarbons in expanded clay was observed, which might not hinder but delay biodegradation. Very few cases of hydrogen isotope fractionation were recorded in expanded clay and sand & biochar filters during decane biodegradation. In sand filters, decane was biodegraded more slowly and hydrogen isotope fractionation was visible. Still, the range of observed apparent kinetic hydrogen isotope effects (AKIEH = 1.072–1.500) and apparent decane biodegradation rates (k = − 0.017 to − 0.067 day−1) of the sand filter were low. To conclude, low biodegradation rates, small hydrogen isotope fractionation, zero order mineralization kinetics and lack of microbial biomass growth indicated that mass transfer controlled biodegradation.

scholarly journals Individual quality of life and the environment – towards a concept of livable areas for persons with disabilities in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Grabowska ◽  
Radosław Antczak ◽  
Jan Zwierzchowski ◽  
Tomasz Panek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [1] highlights the need to create proper socioeconomic and political conditions for persons with disabilities, with a special focus on their immediate living conditions. According to the Convention, these conditions should be built to ensure that persons with disabilities have the potential to enjoy a high quality of life (QoL), and this principle is reflected in the notion of livable areas. The crucial aspect of this framework is the relationship between the individual QoL and the environment, broadly understood as the socioeconomic as well as the technical conditions in which persons with disabilities function. Methods The basic research problem was to assess the relationship between individual QoL for the population with disabilities as a dependent variable and livability indicators as independent variables, controlling for individual characteristics. The study used a dataset from the EU-SILC (European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) survey carried out in 2015 in Poland. The research concept involved several steps. First, we created a variable measuring the QoL for the entire population with disabilities. To measure the multidimensional QoL, we used Sen’s capability approach as a general concept, which was operationalized by the MIMIC (multiple indicators multiple causes) model. In the second step, we identified the livability indicators available in the official statistics, and merged them with survey data. Finally, in the last step, we ran the regression analysis. We also checked the data for the nested structure. Results We confirmed that the general environmental conditions, focused on creating livable areas, played a significant role in shaping the QoL of persons with disabilities; i.e., we found that the higher the level of the local Human Development Index, the higher the quality of life of the individuals living in this area. This relationship held even after controlling for the demographic characteristics of the respondents. Moreover, we found that in addition to the general environmental conditions, the conditions created especially for persons with disabilities (i.e., services for this group and support for their living conditions) affected the QoL of these individuals. Conclusions The results illustrate the need to strengthen policies aimed at promoting the QoL of persons with disabilities by creating access to community assets and services that can contribute to improving the life chances of this population.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document