Madri single che lavorano: uno studio longitudinale

2009 ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
Tess Ridge ◽  
Jane Millar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Lone Parents ◽  
Poverty Risk ◽  
Lone Mothers ◽  
Rich People ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
The Uk

- Analysis of poverty dynamics based on large-scale survey data shows that there is limited mobility across the income distribution for most individuals and families. Some people may get better-off over the lifecourse, as their careers develop and wages rise, but overall most poor people do not become very rich and most rich people do not become very poor. Lone parents are at high risk of poverty in the UK, but this poverty risk is reduced for those who are in employment and who receive state financial support through Tax Credits to supplement their wages. This article reports on longitudinal qualitative research which has involved repeat interviews with lone mothers and their children over a period of three to four years. The analysis here explores the experiences of sustaining employment while living on a low, but complex, income and highlights the challenges faced in seeking financial security in this context.

Lone Mothers, Ethnicity and Welfare Dynamics

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINA MOKHTAR ◽  
LUCINDA PLATT
Keyword(s):  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Welfare Dependency ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Lone Parents ◽  
Lone Mothers ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Policy Concern ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Minority Ethnic

AbstractThis article investigates the ethnic patterning of exit from means-tested benefits in a UK town. Lone parents in the UK face high risks of poverty and high rates of receipt of means-tested, out-of-work benefits. There has been extensive policy concern with lone parents' poverty and with potential ‘welfare dependency’. Investigation of welfare dynamics has unpacked the notion of welfare dependency, and has stimulated policy to better understand the factors associated with longer rather than shorter durations. However, within this analysis, there has been little attention paid to ethnicity. This is despite the fact that the extensive literature on the UK's minority ethnic groups has emphasised diversity in both rates of lone parenthood and risks of poverty. To date we have little understanding of ethnic variation in lone parents' welfare dynamics. Using a data set drawn from administrative records, this article analyses the chances of leaving means-tested benefit for a set of lone mothers in a single town, exploring whether there is variation by ethnic group. We find that, controlling for basic demographic characteristics, there is little evidence to suggest that ethnicity affects the chances of benefit exit, even between groups where rates of lone parenthood are very different.

scholarly journals Choice and Welfare Reform: Lone Parents’ Decision Making around Paid Work and Family Life

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTHONY RAFFERTY ◽  
JAY WIGGAN
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Dependent Child ◽  
Employment Decisions ◽  
Lone Parents ◽  
Lone Mothers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Child Age

AbstractWelfare-to-work policy in the UK sees ‘choice’ regarding lone parents’ employment decisions increasingly defined in terms of powers of selection between options within active labour market programmes, with constraints on the option of non-market activity progressively tightened. In this paper, we examine the wider choice agenda in public services in relation to lone-parent employment, focusing on the period following the 2007 Freud Review of welfare provision. (Freud, 2007) Survey data are used to estimate the extent to which recent policies promoting compulsory job search by youngest dependent child age map onto lone parents' own stated decision-making regarding if and when to enter the labour market. The findings indicate a substantial proportion of lone parents targeted by policy reform currently do not want a job and that their main reported reason is that they are looking after their children. Economically inactive lone mothers also remain more likely to have other chronic employment barriers, which traverse dependent child age categories. Some problems, such as poor health, sickness or disability, are particularly acute among those with older dependent children who are the target of recent activation policy.

scholarly journals Perceptions of an Insufficient Government Response at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic are Associated with Lower Mental Well-Being

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiemo Fetzer ◽  
Marc Witte ◽  
Lukas Hensel ◽  
Jon Jachimowicz ◽  
Johannes Haushofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Variation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Mental Well Being

We conducted a large-scale survey covering 58 countries (N = 108,075) at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic—between March 20th and April 7th 2020—to explore how beliefs about citizens’ and government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the actions taken by governments, affected mental well-being. Our analyses reveal three findings. First, many respondents indicate that their country’s citizens and government’s response was insufficient. Second, respondents’ perception of an insufficient public and government response was associated with lower mental well-being. Third, we exploit time variation in country-level lockdown announcements, both around the world and through an event-study in the UK, and find that strong government actions—i.e., announcing a nationwide lockdown—were related to an improvement in respondents’ views of their fellow citizens and government, and to better mental well-being. These findings suggest that policy-makers may not only need to consider how their decisions affect the spread of COVID-19, but also how such choices influence the mental well-being of their population.

Academics' Active and Passive Use of YouTube for Research and Leisure

2017 ◽  
pp. 188-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yimei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Popular Entertainment ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Youtube Videos ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
The Uk

This chapter presents findings from a survey study regarding academics' use of YouTube videos for research and leisure. The results are based on a large-scale survey which reflects responses from over 1,800 researchers based at 12 Russell Group universities in the UK. The results suggest that YouTube has been a very popular entertainment tool. The majority of academics have watched YouTube videos for leisure purposes whilst almost half of them watched YouTube videos for academic purposes. However, active uses of YouTube for posting videos were still limited. There were some differences in the extent of active/passive use of YouTube between groups in terms of academic discipline, age and seniority. Academics who had received social media training, recommendations from colleagues, had teaching duties and positive attitudes towards YouTube as a means of dissemination, were more likely to post videos on YouTube for research purposes. Additionally, academics who owned a smartphone were more likely to post videos on YouTube for leisure purposes.

scholarly journals The impact of journal re-grading on perception of ranking systems: Exploring the case of the Academic Journal Guide and Business and Management scholars in the UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T Walker ◽  
Ammon Salter ◽  
Rita Fontinha ◽  
Rossella Salandra
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Academic Journal ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Ranking Systems ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Business And Management

Abstract The marked increase in the use of metrics, such as journal lists, to assess research has had a profound effect on academics’ working lives. While some view the diffusion of rankings as beneficial, others consider their diffusion as a malicious development, which further acerbates a tendency towards managerialism in academia, and undermine the integrity and diversity of academic research. Using data from a large-scale survey and a re-grading of journals in a ranking used by Business and Management UK scholars—the Academic Journal Guide—as a pseudo-experiment, we examine what determines negative and positive perceptions of rankings. We find that the individuals who published in outlets that were upgraded were less hostile to the ranking than those who did not benefit from these changes, and that individuals were also less hostile to the ranking if outlets in their field had benefited from re-grading in the new list. We also find that the individuals who published in outlets that were upgraded were more positive to the ranking than those who did not benefit from these changes, and that individuals were also more positive to the ranking if outlets in their field had benefited from re-grading in the new list.

scholarly journals No Love on the Dole: The Influence of the UK Means-tested Welfare System on Partnering and Family Structure

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
RITA GRIFFITHS
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Lone Parents ◽  
Low Income Mothers ◽  
The Uk

AbstractTwo-parent families with dependent children are known to be at lower risk of poverty and significantly less reliant on state financial help than lone-parent households. It might therefore be expected that the factors influencing partnership transitions among low-income women would represent a key area of policy interest. However, driven by concerns about weak work incentives, policy focus and research has to date concentrated on understanding lone parents’ labour supply and encouraging the transition from benefits into employment. Surprisingly little is therefore known about demographic decision making among women reliant on UK means-tested welfare. As part of a wider qualitative study exploring family formation, partnership dissolution and repartnering decisions among low-income mothers, this paper examines whether and to what extent entitlement to welfare benefits or tax credits influenced the decision to live with or apart from a partner or child's father. The research found that the aspects of welfare that remove or reduce a mother's access to an independent income and require one partner in a couple to be financially dependent on the other had been strongly influential in partnering decisions and living arrangements. Policy implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Diminishing Returns: Lone Mothers’ Financial Work Incentives and Incomes under the Coalition

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Kowalewska
Keyword(s):  
Single Mothers ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Average Wage ◽  
Labour Demand ◽  
Lone Parents ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Lone Mothers ◽  
Employment Supports ◽  
The Uk

Lone mothers in the UK are a key target group of tax-benefit measures designed to ‘make work pay’. This article assesses how the Conservative–Liberal Democrat Coalition's ‘make work pay’ agenda since 2010 has potentially affected single mothers. It calculates two lone mothers’ incomes and incentives for a range of working hours and wage rates under the Coalition and previous New Labour government. While the Coalition's measures substantially improve the lone mothers’ incentives to work in mini-jobs of fewer than sixteen hours, their incentives to work longer are still weak, if not weaker than under Labour. Furthermore, the financial returns to progressing in work begin to diminish once hours exceed just six at average wage and nine at minimum wage. While tougher conditionality may still push many lone parents to work longer, weak labour demand and reduced employment supports could undermine their abilities to meet increased work expectations.

scholarly journals Party activism in the populist radical right: The case of the UK Independence Party

2019 ◽  
pp. 135406881988014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Whiteley ◽  
Erik Larsen ◽  
Matthew Goodwin ◽  
Harold Clarke
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Populist Radical Right ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Deprivation Model ◽  
The Uk

Recent decades have seen an upsurge of interest in populist radical right (PRR) parties. Yet despite a large body of research on PRR voters, there are few studies of the internal life of these parties. In particular, there is a dearth of research about why people are active in them. This article uses data from a unique large-scale survey of United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) members to investigate if drivers of voting support for these parties are also important for explaining party activism. Analyses show that traditional models of party activism are important for understanding engagement in UKIP, but macro-level forces captured in an expanded relative deprivation model also stimulate participation in the party. That said macro-level forces are not the dominant driver of activism.

Is there Ethnic Discrimination in the UK Market for Small Business Credit?

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Loan Interest Rates ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Denial Rates

A large-scale survey of UK small business finances is analysed for evidence of ethnic discrimination in the credit market. A summary analysis of credit outcomes (loan denials , loan interest rates and discouragement) reveals large differences across ethnic groups with Black and Bangladeshi businesses, in particular, experiencing poorer outcomes than White and Indian businesses. Econometric analysis indicates that ethnic differencs in denial rates and interest rates can be explained by variations in non-ethnic risk factors such as missed loan repayments and overdraft excesses. This suggests there is no ethnic discrimination in credit markets. However, ethnicity appears to influence whether business owners felt discouraged from applying for loans even after controlling for differences in loan application costs and risk. This suggests some ethnic groups may be affected by misperceptions of ethnic discrimination. The implications of these findings for UK policy are discussed.

scholarly journals Are We All Agreed? Consensual Methods and the ‘Necessities of Life’ in the UK Today

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELDIN FAHMY ◽  
EILEEN SUTTON ◽  
SIMON PEMBERTON
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Poverty Measures ◽  
Deliberative Methods ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Public Views

AbstractIn recent decades, consensual approaches to poverty measurement have been widely adopted in large-scale survey research both in the UK and internationally. However, while ascertaining the extent of public agreement on the ‘necessities of life’ has been central to this approach, long-standing critiques have questioned the nature of public consensus on poverty derived using survey methods. By drawing on new primary research preparatory to the 2012 UK Poverty and Social Exclusion Survey, we consider the contribution of qualitative methods in understanding public views on necessities and discuss their implications for survey-based poverty measurement. Our findings raise some important conceptual and measurement issues for consensual poverty measures within large-scale social surveys. Firstly, our research suggests that public understandings of the term ‘necessity’ are diverse and may not always be consistent with researchers’ interpretations or with wider usage of this term within consensual poverty measurement. Secondly, a better understanding of the considerations which inform survey respondents’ deliberations is needed. Thirdly, our findings have important implications for how we should interpret the concept of ‘consensus’ within the context of consensual poverty surveys, and emphasise the need for the application of more deliberative methods in determining public views on the ‘necessities of life’.

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