scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION — MORAL DUTY OR LEGAL OBLIGATION?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
N. O. Yakubovska
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Development ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Legal Obligation ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
International Development Cooperation

The article finds the answer to the question whether under international law states are obliged to cooperate in development. The analysis of the texts of relevant multilateral treaties and state«s practice has confirmed that states obligation to cooperate in the development stems from the UN Charter, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, as well as customary international law. It was concluded that the provisions of the relevant international legal instruments are of a general nature and do not define precisely states« duties in the field of development cooperation.   Статтю присвячено пошуку відповіді на питання, чи зобов'язані держави згідно з міжнародним правом співробітничати в цілях розвитку. У статті проведений аналіз текстів відповідних багатосторонніх міжнародних договорів і практики держав. Підтвер­джено, що обов'язок держав співробітничати в цілях розвитку випливає зі Статуту ООН, Міжнародного пакту про економічні, соціальні і культурні права, Конвенції' про права дитини, Конвенції' про права інвалідів, а також звичаєвих норм міжнародного права. Зроблено висновок, що положення відповідних міжнародно-правових актів носять загальний характер і не визначають конкретні обов'язки держав у сфері співробітництва в цілях розвитку.

Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the CRC: Is There a Legal Obligation to Cooperate Internationally for Development?

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Vandenhole
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Legal Obligation ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Human Rights Treaties

AbstractSeveral provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child contain references to international cooperation, sometimes in combination with a reference to the needs of developing countries. This article explores whether these references, in light of the interpretation given by the Committee on the Rights of the Child and of other human rights treaties which contain similar wording (in particular the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Disability Convention), amount to a legal obligation to cooperate internationally for development in the field of economic, social and cultural rights. While it is not possible to establish the existence of a legal obligation to provide development assistance in general – which would amount to an extraterritorial obligation to fulfil – legal obligations to respect and protect economic, social and cultural rights of children in third countries do apply. Moreover, the CRC Committee has clarified some specific obligations of fulfilment for donor countries, such as, amongst others, the allocation of 0,7 per cent of GDP to development assistance, and the adoption of a rights-based approach to development cooperation, in which children's rights are mainstreamed.

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA BAGI PENGUNGSI DI NEGARA NON-ANGGOTA KONVENSI STATUS PENGUNGSI 1951 [Human Rights Protection for Refugees in Non-Member Countries of the 1951 Refugee Status Convention]

Law Review ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Fransiska Ayulistya Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Territorial State ◽  
Rights Of The Child

<p><em>Refugee problems become global problems not only for destination country but also for the transit or non-parties country on Status of Refugees Convention 1951. The problem arises when the transit or non-parties country ignore the existence of the refugees in their territory consequently, many refugees could only depend on their protection under UNHCR help. Even if, the territorial state is not the party of 1951 convention, however, they still have responsibility under another Human Rights Convention to give protection to the refugees. Therefore, how far the refugees shall be protected under the transit territory? This article will have analyzed minimum protection under Human Rights instruments and Customary International Law that could give to the refugees. Under the International Covenant on Civil and political Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, International Convention on The Rights of the Child and Customary International Law, the state territory shall give protection without any discrimination to the refugees, even if they are not the party of 1951 convention. Even though, the protection that refugees get from transit state slightly different than protection from state parties, however, they shall get to be protected.</em></p><p><strong>Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak: </strong>Masalah pengungsi sudah menjadi permasalahan global yang tidak hanya berpengaruh terhadap negara tujuan saja, namun juga pada negara transit atau negara yang bukan merupakan negara anggota Konvensi Status Pengungsi 1951. Masalah timbul saat negara-negara transit atau negara non-anggota mengabaikan keberadaan pengungsi di teritori negara mereka, sehingga banyak pengungsi yang hanya menyandarkan nasibnya di tangan bantuan UNHCR. Meskipun negara teritorial bukan merupakan negara anggota Konvensi Status Pengungsi 1951, namun mereka seharusnya tetap memberikan perlindungan kepada pengungsi. Pertanyaannya, seberapa jauh negara harus memberikan perlindungan kepada pengungsi? Artikel ini akan menganalisis perlindungan minimal di bawah Hak Asasi Manusia yang harus diberikan negara non-anggota kepada pengungsi yang ada di wilayahnya. Menurut Konvenan tentang Hak-Hak Sipil dan Politik, Konvenan Hak-Hak Ekonomi, Sosial dan Budaya, serta Konvensi Perlindungan Anak dan juga hukum kebiasaan internasional, negara teritorial haruslah memberikan perlindungan tanpa diskriminasi kepada pengungsi, meskipun negara teritorial tidak menjadi para pihak dari Konvensi Status Pengungsi 1951. Meskipun perlindungan yang diberikan kepada pengungsi oleh negara transit sedikit berbeda jika dibandingkan perlindungan dari negara anggota konvensi, mereka tetap harus mendapatkan perlindungan.</p>

International cooperation and the inclusion of persons with disabilities: the Italian system

Modern Italy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-223
Author(s):  
Francesca Ortali ◽  
Giampiero Griffo ◽  
Simonetta Capobianco
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Community Based Rehabilitation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
International Development Cooperation

Two key themes emerging from recent studies on disability are the shift in the conception of persons with disabilities, expressed in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), from objects to subjects of policies concerning them and the recognition of the close interconnections between disability and poverty. Both themes have clear implications for international development cooperation. It is essential that the high number of persons with disabilities in developing countries is recognised and that the programmes implemented by non-governmental organisations (NGOs), including those in emergencies and disasters, are made fully inclusive of them. Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) programmes are important in achieving inclusiveness and fulfilling the rights of persons with disabilities. Italian NGOs such as AIFO (Associazione Italiana Amici di Raoul Follereau) have played an important role in helping launch CBR, most notably in Mongolia. Two sets of research data published in 2008 have measured the impact of Italian action on disability in international development cooperation. The reports on the one hand reveal inadequate levels of funding in general, and funding by banks and private companies in particular, and insufficient involvement of disabled persons' organisations, but on the other suggest that Italy's domestic experience of advanced disability legislation can be productively applied in international contexts to include and empower persons with disabilities.

scholarly journals Innovation system formation in international development cooperation: The role of intermediaries in urban sanitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara J van Welie ◽  
Wouter P C Boon ◽  
Bernhard Truffer
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Intermediary Role ◽  
International Development Cooperation

Abstract The transformation of urban basic service sectors towards more sustainability is one of the ‘grand challenges’ for public policy, globally. A particular urgent problem is the provision of sanitation in cities in low-income countries. The globally dominant centralised sewerage approach has proven incapable to reach many of the urban poor. Recently, an increasing number of actors in international development cooperation has started to develop alternative safely managed non-grid approaches. We approach their efforts as an emerging ‘global innovation system’ and investigate how its development can be supported by systemic intermediaries. We analyse the activities of the ‘Sustainable Sanitation Alliance’, an international network that coordinates activities in the sanitation sector and thereby supports this innovation system. The findings show how demand ing it is to fulfil an intermediary role in a global innovation system, because of the need to consider system processes at different scales, in each phase of system building.

scholarly journals Unmuddying the Waters: Evaluating the Legal Basis of the Human Right to Water Under Treaty Law, Customary International Law, and the General Principles of Law

2020 ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Ndjodi Ndeunyema
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Reflective Equilibrium ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Treaty Law ◽  
Sliding Scale ◽  
General Principles Of Law ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
The Right

This article evaluates the existence of a freestanding, general human right to water under each of the three principal sources of international law: treaty, customary international law, and the general principles of law. To date, the right to water has been derived from treaty law, most prominently as part of the right to an adequate standard of living in article 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (as implied by General Comment 15 to the ICESCR). The potential importance of a non-treaty based right to water––as a matter of customary international law or a general principle of law––is that it would bind all states, including states that are not parties to treaties with right to water provisions. Therefore, this article evaluates the state practice and opinio juris elements of custom supporting a right to water. Recognizing the disputed nature of how these two elements generally interact to crystallize into a customary norm, the article considers the problem using two distinct methodological approaches: the sliding scale approach and the reflective equilibrium approach. Finally, the paper considers whether a right to water is supported by the general principles of law. Although the right to water is not directly created by the general principles of law, the principles can nevertheless be applied to develop states’ positive and negative obligations for water provision.

scholarly journals Japan’s development cooperation: from making amends to agenda–setting

2021 ◽  
pp. 351-373
Author(s):  
Nikolay Murashkin
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Development ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
World War ◽  
Japan International Cooperation Agency ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
International Development Cooperation

This article revisits the post–World War II evolution of Japan’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) over the past 75 years, with a particular focus on the period starting from the 1980s and subsequent changes in Japan’s international development cooperation policies. I address cornerstones such as human security and quality growth, while examining the role of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), shifts and continuities in regional visions and sectoral priorities, such as infrastructure development. I argue that the threefold mix of key drivers behind Japan’s development cooperation has remained consistent, involving developmentalism stemming from Japan’s own experience of successful modernisation from a non–Western background, neo–mercantilism, as well as strategic and geopolitical considerations. The relative weight and interplay of these factors, however, fluctuated in different periods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document