Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the CRC: Is There a Legal Obligation to Cooperate Internationally for Development?

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Vandenhole
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Legal Obligation ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Human Rights Treaties

AbstractSeveral provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child contain references to international cooperation, sometimes in combination with a reference to the needs of developing countries. This article explores whether these references, in light of the interpretation given by the Committee on the Rights of the Child and of other human rights treaties which contain similar wording (in particular the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Disability Convention), amount to a legal obligation to cooperate internationally for development in the field of economic, social and cultural rights. While it is not possible to establish the existence of a legal obligation to provide development assistance in general – which would amount to an extraterritorial obligation to fulfil – legal obligations to respect and protect economic, social and cultural rights of children in third countries do apply. Moreover, the CRC Committee has clarified some specific obligations of fulfilment for donor countries, such as, amongst others, the allocation of 0,7 per cent of GDP to development assistance, and the adoption of a rights-based approach to development cooperation, in which children's rights are mainstreamed.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION — MORAL DUTY OR LEGAL OBLIGATION?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
N. O. Yakubovska
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Development ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Legal Obligation ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
International Development Cooperation

The article finds the answer to the question whether under international law states are obliged to cooperate in development. The analysis of the texts of relevant multilateral treaties and state«s practice has confirmed that states obligation to cooperate in the development stems from the UN Charter, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, as well as customary international law. It was concluded that the provisions of the relevant international legal instruments are of a general nature and do not define precisely states« duties in the field of development cooperation.   Статтю присвячено пошуку відповіді на питання, чи зобов'язані держави згідно з міжнародним правом співробітничати в цілях розвитку. У статті проведений аналіз текстів відповідних багатосторонніх міжнародних договорів і практики держав. Підтвер­джено, що обов'язок держав співробітничати в цілях розвитку випливає зі Статуту ООН, Міжнародного пакту про економічні, соціальні і культурні права, Конвенції' про права дитини, Конвенції' про права інвалідів, а також звичаєвих норм міжнародного права. Зроблено висновок, що положення відповідних міжнародно-правових актів носять загальний характер і не визначають конкретні обов'язки держав у сфері співробітництва в цілях розвитку.

scholarly journals La cooperación internacional al desarrollo en el sistema universal de los derechos humanos: los derechos humanos como marco para la comprensión de la cooperación internacional al desarrollo / International Development Cooperation in the Universal Human Rights System: Human Rights as a Framework for Understanding of International Cooperation Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Gloria Esteban de la Rosa ◽  
Cherif Ba Sow
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Development ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Spanish Constitution ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Free Development

ABSTRACTThe aim of the International Cooperation Development is to improve the living conditions of people in developing countries so that they can meet the basic needs of the human family (United Nations Millennium Declaration of 2000). However, the international cooperation that the great texts refers to, which include human rights, is not identified with this other modality, which agrees "to the development". By contrast, the notion of cooperation founded in its basis has not enabled the aim that the genuine international cooperation between peoples and nations must fulfil, which is clearly indicated by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights as well as the Spanish Constitution of 1978: the full realization of the social, economic and cultural rights, essential for the free development of the personality (as an active dimension of the human dignity). And, therefore, its purpose is defended as a (additional) guarantee for the satisfaction of basic human needs.RESUMENEl objetivo de la Cooperación internacional al desarrollo consiste en mejorar las condiciones de vida de las personas en los Países en vías de desarrollo, para que puedan satisfacerse las necesidades básicas de la familia humana (Declaración del milenio de 2000 de Naciones Unidas). Sin embargo, lcooperación internacional al desarrollo, desarrollo, necesidades humanas básicas, derechos humanos,derechos sociales, económicos y culturalesa cooperación internacional a la que se refieren los grandes textos que recogen los derechos humanos no se identifica con esta otra modalidad, que se adjetiva “al desarrollo”. Por el contrario, la noción de cooperación que se encuentra en su base no ha permitido el objetivo que ha de cumplir la auténtica cooperación internacional entre los pueblos y las naciones, que indican de forma clara la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos, el Pacto de Derechos económicos sociales y culturales así como la Constitución Española de 1978: la plena efectividad de los derechos sociales, económicos y culturales, indispensables para el libre desarrollo de la personalidad (como dimensión activa de la dignidad humana). Y, por ello, se defiende su función como garantía (complementaria) para la satisfacción de las necesidades humanas básicas.

Armed Groups and Treaty Law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
African Union ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Optional Protocol ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
Convention Against Torture

Chapter 8 employs the theories identified in Chapter 7 to consider whether it is possible to argue that armed groups are bound by the major human rights treaties. The chapter conducts detailed analysis of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. It also examines the main human rights treaties which it argues hold most textual potential to bind armed groups, namely the Convention against Torture, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict, and the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa.

Application of Human Rights Treaties Extraterritorially in Times of Armed Conflict and Military Occupation

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Military Occupation ◽  
Advisory Opinion ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
International Court ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
Occupied Territories

Are obligations assumed by states under international human rights treaties applicable extraterritorially during periods of armed conflict and military occupation? This was one of the issues addressed by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in its advisory opinion Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. The Court indicated that the obligations assumed by Israel under the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESC), and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CROC) applied in the occupied territories and that the construction of the security barrier constituted “breaches” by Israel of various of its obligations under these instruments.

scholarly journals Is China Playing by the Rules? — Assessing China’s Reservations to International Human Rights Treaties

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-281
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Constructive Dialogue ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
International Human

Abstract In this paper, I examine two substantive reservations China has made to international human rights treaties, namely China’s reservation to Article 8.1(a) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and Article 6 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), as well as the arguments China adopted to support them in the constructive dialogue between China and the two treaty committees. By positioning China’s reservations and its supporting arguments against the current criteria on making reservations to international human rights treaties, I argue that these two reservations are permissible and the arguments that support them are in general justifiable, all things considered. In conclusion, I reflect on China’s relationship with international human rights treaty bodies through the lens of reservations.

AVOIDING LEGAL OBLIGATIONS CREATED BY HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Bates
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal Obligation ◽  
Sole Purpose ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
The Subject

AbstractThis article examines the legality of the options that may be open to a State that is unwilling to accept a legal obligation created by a human rights treaty it has already ratified. It briefly addresses the subject of ‘derogation’ from human rights treaties before looking in detail at denunciation of the same. It proceeds to examine the legality of strategies such as entering a late reservation to a human rights treaty and of denouncing the treaty with the sole purpose of entering a new reservation to it.

Human Rights Obligations of Armed Groups

2019 ◽  
pp. 444-462
Author(s):  
Andreas Th Müller
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
State Actors

One of the asymmetries faced by military missions in areas of limited statehood are diverging legal obligations of state and non-state actors, in particular in relation to human rights duties. From a perspective of states bound by human rights treaties, there is a certain danger that armed groups opposing them might abuse the obligations incumbent upon state actors. Against this perception, the potential application of human rights law to armed groups is not only relevant as a tool for protecting civilians but also from a reciprocity perspective in view of the fluidity of armed conflicts and with a view to convergence of standards. The chapter assesses how international law and international legal practice in relation to armed groups have evolved over the past decade. It takes stock of recent developments and analyses the degree to which human rights obligations apply to armed groups.

25. International Human Rights Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Rodley
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights

This chapter considers the background to, and current developments concerning the manner in which international law has engaged with the protection of human rights, including both civil and political rights and economic, social, and cultural rights. It looks at historical, philosophical, and political factors which have shaped our understanding of human rights and the current systems of international protection. It focuses on the systems of protection developed by and through the United Nations through the ‘International Bill of Rights’, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the UN human rights treaties and treaty bodies, and the UN Special Procedures as well as the work of the Human Rights Council. It also looks at the systems of regional human rights protection which have been established.

scholarly journals International Human Rights Law and the Response to the covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-269
Author(s):  
Sarah Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
International Human ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
Do So

Abstract States have duties under Article 12(2)(c) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to prevent, control and treat covid-19. Implementation of these three obligations is analysed, taking account of countervailing human rights considerations. Regarding prevention, lockdowns designed to stop the spread of the virus are examined. Control measures are then discussed, namely transparency measures, quarantine, testing and tracing. The human rights compatibility of treatment measures, namely the provision of adequate medical and hospital care (or the failure to do so), are then examined. Finally, derogations from human rights treaties in times of pubic emergency are discussed.

International Cooperation for Education in Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Development Agencies ◽  
Development Banks ◽  
National Governments

This article looks broadly at the intersection of education, development, and international cooperation. It discusses trends in international cooperation in education for developing countries as well as ongoing challenges. Education has expanded rapidly throughout the world. Even so, the industrialized nations are decades if not generations ahead of parts of the developing world in terms of enrollment and learning attainment. For reasons of equity and economic development alone, it is imperative that all efforts be put to the task of achieving universal school enrollment and learning. To achieve such a goal in the context of what some researchers have termed a 100-year gap requires efforts on the part of national governments and international cooperation on the part of all nations of the world. International cooperation in education includes: (1) the institutions and architecture of international organizations; (2) development assistance, which is closely related; and (3) international agreements to promote education and other development goals. In a broad sense, these initiatives can be seen as moving toward increasingly cooperative relationships between wealthier nations and developing countries. International institutions involved in education include various agencies of the United Nations (UNESCO, UNICEF, ILO, UNHCR) as well as multilateral development banks (the World Bank, IMF, IDA, etc.); regional development banks (Asian Development Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, etc.); and bilateral development agencies. Development assistance is provided in the form of technical and financial assistance to national governments by bilateral development agencies, the multilateral development agencies, UN agencies, as well as an increasing number of non-governmental agencies (NGOs). The UN Declaration on Human Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child are foundational documents laying out the rights of all children to education and the obligation of governments to ensure children have access to quality education. Several global initiatives have led the way toward increasing educational participation in developing countries, including Education for All, the Millennium Development Goals, the UN Global Education First Initiative, and the Sustainable Development Goals. The article concludes with a listing of trends in educational development.

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