Food Insecurity in Urban Slums: Evidence from Ibadan Metropolis, Southwest Nigeria

Abstract Objectives To determine prevalence of Household Food Insecurity in urban slums of Karachi To assess children's behavior living in a state of food insecurity in urban slums To relate Household food insecurity with child's behavior Methods The study used a cross-sectional descriptive survey; conducted in 12 towns from all six districts of Karachi using multi-stage sampling methods. The structured questionnaire, comprised of Socio-demographic information, Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and Child's behaviour questionnaire (CBQ) was conducted among 400 mothers of children bearing age 3 to 11 years living in urban slums. Correlation of HFIAS and CBQ scores were measured by Spearman's correlation coefficient. Generalized linear regression analysis was performed to determine relationship between scores of food insecurity and child behavior. Results Every two out of three households were found food insecure. 70% of households were worried for shortage of food in past month. Almost all households endured insufficient quality (95%) while 84.2% households did not have sufficient quantity of food in past month. Overall 70% mothers reported behavioral problems in their children; of which solitary and aggressiveness were the most common behavioral problems. Subsequent misbehavior reported were: avoiding going to school, stressed, impetuous, fearful, somatic complaints, bullied and not confident. Correlation between food insecurity and child misbehavior was significantly positive. One additional household with food insecurity increased 26.7% behavioral problems in children in urban slums. Conclusions Food insecurity in slum areas of Karachi is rampant. Behavioral problems in children living in areas with food insecurity are at subsequent high risk. Strategies must be derived for related interventions to reduce these psycho-social problems in addition to socioeconomic problems. Funding Sources No funding was available for the research. Authors conduction self research.

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Vulnerability to Food Insecurity in Urban Slums: Experiences from Nairobi, Kenya

Journal of Urban Health ◽

10.1007/s11524-014-9894-3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 91 (6) ◽

pp. 1098-1113 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

E. W. Kimani-Murage ◽

L. Schofield ◽

F. Wekesah ◽

S. Mohamed ◽

B. Mberu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Urban Slums

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Household Food Insecurity and Mental Health Among Teenage Girls Living in Urban Slums in Varanasi, India: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15081585 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1585 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Divya Rani ◽

Jitendra Singh ◽

Dilaram Acharya ◽

Rajan Paudel ◽

Kwan Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urban Slums ◽

Household Food Insecurity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Teenage Girls ◽

Household Food

This study was undertaken to investigate the relation between household food insecurity and mental health problems in teenage girls living in urban slums. This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 urban slums in Varanasi, India, between September 2016 and July 2017. A probability proportion to size (PPS) method was employed to select 5 of 210 urban slums at a first stage, and in the second stage, 418 teenage girls were chosen randomly from selected households. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and mental health inventory tools were employed to assess food insecurity and mental health status. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with at a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the association between household food insecurity and mental health status. Of 418 respondents, 47.6% were food insecure; 64.1%, 57.7%, and 58.4% had high levels of anxiety, depression, or psychological distress, respectively; and 57.2% exhibited a medium level of loss of behavioral control. Furthermore, teenage girls from food insecure households were more likely to have high levels of anxiety, depression, loss of behavioral control and psychological distress than those living in food secure households. This study shows food insecurity is independently associated with mental health problems among teenage girls. Food insecurity in Indian slums should be addressed by specific public health intervention programs that provide access to sufficient safe, nutritious food.

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Factors Associated With Parent-Adolescent Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues in Urban Slums of Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria

International Quarterly of Community Health Education ◽

10.1177/0272684x211007695 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0272684X2110076

Author(s):

Taofeek Kolawole Aliyu ◽

Joshua Oyeniyi Aransiola

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Open Data ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Urban Slums ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Individual Factors ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Southwest Nigeria

In Nigeria, adolescents in urban slums are increasingly at risk of adverse sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes. However, little is known about how individual factors predict parent-adolescent communication on SRH issues in a resource-poor urban setting in Ibadan. Thus, this study investigated individual factors associated with parent-adolescent communication on SRH issues in urban slums of Ibadan, southwest, Nigeria. This study is part of a larger project that explores the socio-ecological factors influencing parent-adolescent communication on SRH issues in selected slums in Ibadan, Nigeria. Within this broader framework, this paper relies on the quantitative data obtained in 10 selected slums. Interviewer-administered structured questionnaire [scripted on open data kits (ODK)] was utilized to collect data from a sample of 796 parent-adolescent dyads. Six SRH topics were investigated to describe the issues discussed. Analytical techniques utilized include; frequency counts, chi-square, and multinomial logistic regression. Parent-adolescent communication regarding SRH issues is not uncommon in urban slums of Ibadan but characterized by indirect communication, threat and warning. Parents and adolescents’ age, gender, marital/relationship status, educational attainments and religion played influential role in parent-adolescent communication regarding SRH issues. These factors were identified to be significantly associated with the pattern of parent-adolescent discussion of SRH issues. Age-specific SRH education should be available to adolescents and parents need to be educated on appropriate SRH information and the best way to engage their adolescents on SRH issues.

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Food insecurity access scale and dietary score as proxy indicators of nutritional status among backyard livestock households during COVID-19 pandemic in Southwest Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v48i4.2994 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 227-239

Author(s):

M. A. Popoola ◽

M. O. Yahaya ◽

O. O. Awodola-Peters ◽

G. L. Adebisi ◽

M. O. Bolarinwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Livestock Production ◽

Probit Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sécurité Alimentaire ◽

Southwest Nigeria ◽

Food Insecurity Access

Food insecurity and dietary diversity of households are important nutrition outcome which have been found reliable in assessing the dietary intake of a population during a determined period and they have been used as indicators of food security among households. A facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 374 households that were involved in backyard livestock production in Southwest Nigeria during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Household dietary diversity (HDD) was measured using 12 different foods from which the HDD score was estimated, which is a continuous score ranged from 0 to 12, and was recoded to a three-level ordered categorical variable. Food insecurity was also assessed using household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS) generated from nine items (questions) specific to an experience of food insecurity occurring within the previous four weeks among the households. A probit regression model was specified to determine the variables responsible for increasing the probability of the households being food insecured during the lockdown. Result showed that more than half of households involved in backyard livestock production was within medium dietary diversity category (71.7%) and moderately had access to food (75.4%). State of residence, household size, income generated by members of households, species of livestock raised and purpose of livestock production were major determinants of food insecurity (access) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown among the respondents. Thus, there is need to promote sustainable and diversification of livelihood among households through backyard livestock production in a bid to increase and sustain their food security status. L'insécurité alimentaire et la diversité alimentaire des ménages sont des résultats nutritionnels importants qui se sont avérés fiables pour évaluer l'apport alimentaire d'une population pendant une période déterminée et qui ont été utilisées comme indicateurs de la sécurité alimentaire des ménages. Une conception d'étude transversale basée sur les installations a été menée sur 374 ménages impliqués dans la production de bétail de basse- cour dans le sud-ouest du Nigéria pendant le confinement de la pandémie COVID-19. La diversité alimentaire des ménages (HDD) a été mesurée à l'aide de 12 aliments différents à partir desquels le score HDD a été estimé, qui est un score continu allant de 0 à 12, et a été recodé en une variable catégorielle ordonnée à trois niveaux. L'insécurité alimentaire a également été évaluée à l'aide de l'échelle d'accès à l'insécurité alimentaire des ménages (HFIAS) générée à partir de neuf éléments (questions) spécifiques à une expérience d'insécurité alimentaire survenue au cours des quatre semaines précédentes parmi les ménages. Un modèle de régression probit a été spécifié pour déterminer les variables responsables de l'augmentation de la probabilité que les ménages soient en situation d'insécurité alimentaire pendant le confinement. Les résultats ont montré que plus de la moitié des ménages impliqués dans la production de bétail de basse-cour appartenaient à la catégorie de diversité alimentaire moyenne (71.7%) et avaient modérément accès à la nourriture (75.4%). L'état de résidence, la taille du ménage, les revenus générés par les membres des ménages, les espèces de bétail élevées et le but de la production animale étaient les principaux déterminants de l'insécurité alimentaire (accès) pendant le confinement de la pandémie COVID-19 parmi les répondants. Ainsi, il est nécessaire de promouvoir la durabilité et la diversification des moyens de subsistance parmi les ménages grâce à la production de bétail de basse-cour dans le but d'augmenter et de maintenir leur niveau de sécurité alimentaire.

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MARKET PARTICIPATION AND FOOD SECURITY OF CASSAVA FARMERS IN RURAL SOUTH WEST NIGERIA

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development ◽

10.17306/j.jard.2018.00399 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 57-64

Author(s):

Adekemi Adebisola Obisesan

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Market Access ◽

Farm Income ◽

Market Participation ◽

Income Source ◽

Access To Credit ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Southwest Nigeria ◽

The Government

Gaining better market access is a concern to smallholderfarmers in Africa. This study analyzed the market participationand food security among cassava farmers in SouthWest Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling was employed in theselection of respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptivestatistics, Foster–Greer–Thorbecke (FGT) indices, andTobit and logit regression models. The extent of market participationamong the farmers was found to be 0.56 ±0.13. Thelevel of education, off-farm income source, membership ofan association, years of experience, access to market information,age and transportation costs significantly influencedthe extent of market participation. At the food insecurity lineof NGN 20,132.20 per annum, 61.53% of cassava farmerswere food insecure. Food insecurity is significantly affectedby the extent of market participation, gender, access to credit,off-farm income source, yield, household size, primary occupation,household income and access to market information.Therefore, the government and other stakeholders shoulddevote attention to factors that increase market participationand food security among the farmers. In Nigeria, the cassavatransformation project should not be limited to the provisionof improved production technologies but needs to be extendedto storage and marketing strategies in order to provide thefarmers with some guidance on how to deal with market glut.

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