scholarly journals Intentions to Reciprocate Vendor Gifts Amongst Malaysian Purchasing Executives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Azizi Wafa Syed Khalid Wafa ◽  
Muhamad Jantan ◽  
Jennifer Chow Kim Eng
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Universal Standard ◽  
Future Business

Business gift giving is a universal standard of conduct for most business organizations and industries (Beltramini 1992; Brenner and Molander 1977). Organizations use gifts as means to show appreciation for past business and to influence the attitudes and behaviours of a select, prestigious group of buyers in anticipation of future business (Meredith and Fried, 1977). Vendor gifts may serve as effective means of influencing customers or prospects. This research studied the effect of types of gift (personal or corpo- rate gifts), cast of gift (expensive or inexpensive), and buyer-vendor relationship status (no relationship, moderate or strong) in relation to the buyers' (purchasing executives') feelings of indebtedness, per- ceived manipulations and intentions to reciprocate vendor's gifts. A total of 143 purchasing executives were .sampled for the study. Similar to those of Dorch and Kelly( 1994), scenarios that incorporate the various combinations of the variables of interest were used to gauge reciprocating tendencies. The results show that the type of gift received, the extent to which the buyer experiences a sense of indebtedness, and the buyers' perceptions of the level of manipulation associated with the gift does significantly affect the buyers' intentions to recipro-cate. The research also indicates that gift type and cost with respect to buyer-vendor relationship status do not influence the level of perceived manipulation of the buyers.  

"‘A Peculiar Gift of Providence": The Power-Imbalance Caused by Gift-Giving in Millenium Hall

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisia Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Power Imbalance ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
The Gift

Sarah Scott's eighteenth-century novel Millenium Hall canvasses the role of gift-giving in the dynamics heteronormative-domestic, economic, and spiritual relationships. The pharmakon of the gift plays a central role in Scott's understanding of philanthropy, and the construction of her female-inhabited, female-run utopia. This article's principle occupation is to show that all instances of gift-giving in Millenium Hall create power-imbalances between the superior giver and the inferior receiver; however, Sarah Scott's female utopia constructs the most preferable type of subservience.

Rembrandt, Vermeer, and the Gift in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Art

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Zell
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Gift Exchange ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
Dutch Art ◽  
Dutch Golden Age ◽  
Symbolic Economy ◽  
The Gift ◽  
New Perspective

This book offers a new perspective on the art of the Dutch Golden Age by exploring the interaction between the gift's symbolic economy of reciprocity and obligation and the artistic culture of early modern Holland. Gifts of art were pervasive in seventeenth-century Europe and many Dutch artists, like their counterparts elsewhere, embraced gift giving to cultivate relations with patrons, art lovers, and other members of their social networks. Rembrandt also created distinctive works to function within a context of gift exchange, and both Rembrandt and Vermeer engaged the ethics of the gift to identify their creative labor as motivated by what contemporaries called a love of art

The splendour of bankers and merchants: Genoese garden grottoes of the sixteenth century

Urban History ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-418
Author(s):  
STEPHANIE HANKE
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Strategic Marketing ◽  
Future Business

ABSTRACT:The article analyses the diffusion of artificial grottoes in Genoa during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in terms of their role in the construction of the ruling oligarchy's social identity. No other artistic genre offered a more effective means for bankers and merchants to flaunt their wealth and their network of international contacts. Grottoes comprising expensive corals and exotic shells functioned as a strategic marketing device whose cost and splendour satisfied not only the discerning humanist but also made a profound impression upon non-expert guests who were, first and foremost, potential future business clients.

Male mate choice favors more colorful females in the gift-giving cabbage butterfly

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1539-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Tigreros ◽  
Monica A. Mowery ◽  
Sara M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Male Mate Choice ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
Cabbage Butterfly ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Male Mate

scholarly journals On the ratio of “gift” to “gift-giving” categories

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
V. O. Riadinska ◽  
Yu. O. Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Market Price ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Costs Of Production ◽  
The Relationship

The article analyzes the relationship between the concepts of “gift” and “gift-giving” as categories of modern legislation of Ukraine. It is noted that although the etymological meaning of the words “gift” and “giftgiving” is equal, the legislator uses these concepts as different categories; in various normative acts either gives them different definitions or operates with these two categories as synonyms. Comparing the signs of a gift and a gift-giving, it is determined that a gift can be provided both free of charge and for a fee, but at a price lower than the minimum market price. In the context of gift and gift-giving features, the ratios of “minimum market price” and “symbolic amount” are investigated. It is justified that the minimum market price is less than the market price, but it takes into account the economic costs of production and sale of goods and the minimum profit, while the symbolic price is formed by the prevailing in the society and concerns the free transfer of things. The ratio of “gift” and “gift-giving” categories in the civil and anticorruption legislation is formulated and its features are defined: 1) the concept of “gift-giving” (Civil Code of Ukraine) is narrower than the concept of “gift” (Law of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption”); 2) the main feature of giving is that the gift is free of charge, and the “gift” may be given at a price lower than the minimum market price, while the “symbolic fee” is a category that differs from the category of “price lower than the minimum market price”; 3) the decision to accept “gift-giving” depends on the person who is being presented, but the special subject can accept “gift” only if he or she is permitted by the anti-corruption legislation and is obliged to refuse it and implement a set of appropriate measures in case he or she is prohibited or restricted; 4) the categories “gift-giving” and “gift” are not identical, but when a special subject receives “gifts” from close people, they are “gift-giving”. Keywords: gift, gift-giving, anti-corruption legislation, special subject, minimum market price.

scholarly journals The Gift of Qurbani Meat: Ethnological Reflections

Illuminatio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-209
Author(s):  
Ugo Vlaisavljević
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
The Sacrifice

The article considers two customs traditionally followed by Muslims of Bosnia and Herzegovina during Eid Al-Aḍḥā (‘Festival of Sacrifice’ or Kurban Bayram). These are, first, giving a small amount of money, so-called bayramlık, to children as a reward or gift in return for handing out Qurbani meat to neighbors, and, second, giving the meat to non-Muslims. The topic will be explored in the light of Marcel Mauss’s seminal essay on the gift, since Qurbani appears as a gift that identifies, marks and renews the social bonds not only of close relatives, but also of friends and neighbors. In this context too, we will meet what Jacques Derrida calls the aporia of the gift. The slaughtering of Qurbani animal is a true gift, precisely because it is an impossible gift. It may be considered as a giftless giving: although the sacrifice is unthinkable without the slaughtered animal, it cannot be a gift to God. However, after the human act of sacrifice is performed, it is God Who makes the gift to men - because He commands that the victim’s meat must be shared. It is then to be understood not as a returned gift, but as an act of God’s hospitality, which gives to men the very possibility of gift giving. It is argued that the two Bosnian customs draw their ultimate meaning from the divine hospitality vividly experienced in the ritual of sacrifice.

The Gift of Psychological Closeness: How Feasible Versus Desirable Gifts Reduce Psychological Distance to the Giver

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
SoYon Rim ◽  
Kate E. Min ◽  
Peggy J. Liu ◽  
Tanya L. Chartrand ◽  
Yaacov Trope
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Psychological Distance ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Shed Light

Gift-giving is a common form of social exchange but little research has examined how different gift types affect the psychological distance between giver and recipient. We examined how two types of gifts influence recipients’ perceived psychological distance to the giver. Specifically, we compared desirable gifts focused on the quality of the gift with feasible gifts focused on the gift’s practicality or ease of use. We found that feasible (vs. desirable) gifts led recipients to feel psychologically closer to givers (Studies 1-4). Further clarifying the process by which receiving a desirable versus feasible gift affects perceived distance, when recipients were told that the giver focused on the gift’s practicality or ease of use (vs. the gift’s overall quality), while holding the specific features of the gifts constant, they felt closer to the gift-giver (Study 5). These results shed light on how different gifts can influence interpersonal relationships.

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