scholarly journals Using electrical resistance tomography to measure the yield stress of pretreated wheat straw and wheat straw slurries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasaman Naghavi-Anaraki
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Resistance Tomography ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Active Motion ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
Pretreated Wheat Straw ◽  
Impeller Type

Wheat straw is a low-cost feedstock for production of biofuels as a viable alternative to fossil -based fuels. Pretreatment process is an important stage in producing biofuels. Pretreated wheat straw slurries (PWS) are non-Newtonian fluids with yield stress. In mixing operations, the presence of yield stress creates a region of active motion (cavern) around the impeller and stagnant zones elsewhere which causes difficulties in the production of biofuels. In this study, for the first time electrical resistance tomography (ERT) was utilized to measure the cavern dimensions as a function of the impeller type (A200, A100, and A315), impeller speed (20 to 110 rpm), fiber size (≤ 2 and ≤ 6 mm), and PWS concentration (6, 8, and 10 wt%). The cavern sizes were used to measure the yield stress of PWS slurries as a function of fiber size and fiber concentration. The average yield stresses of 6, 8, and 10 wt% PWS slurries with the fiber sizes of ≤ 2 mm were 2.00, 5.43, and 8.51 Pa, respectively, and 4.26, 9.30, and 13.84 Pa for the fiber sizes of ≤ 6 mm.

scholarly journals Using electrical resistance tomography to measure the yield stress of pretreated wheat straw and wheat straw slurries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasaman Naghavi-Anaraki
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Resistance Tomography ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Active Motion ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
Pretreated Wheat Straw ◽  
Impeller Type

Wheat straw is a low-cost feedstock for production of biofuels as a viable alternative to fossil -based fuels. Pretreatment process is an important stage in producing biofuels. Pretreated wheat straw slurries (PWS) are non-Newtonian fluids with yield stress. In mixing operations, the presence of yield stress creates a region of active motion (cavern) around the impeller and stagnant zones elsewhere which causes difficulties in the production of biofuels. In this study, for the first time electrical resistance tomography (ERT) was utilized to measure the cavern dimensions as a function of the impeller type (A200, A100, and A315), impeller speed (20 to 110 rpm), fiber size (≤ 2 and ≤ 6 mm), and PWS concentration (6, 8, and 10 wt%). The cavern sizes were used to measure the yield stress of PWS slurries as a function of fiber size and fiber concentration. The average yield stresses of 6, 8, and 10 wt% PWS slurries with the fiber sizes of ≤ 2 mm were 2.00, 5.43, and 8.51 Pa, respectively, and 4.26, 9.30, and 13.84 Pa for the fiber sizes of ≤ 6 mm.

scholarly journals Characterization of the mixing of wheat straw slurries through electrical resistance tomography (ERT).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiva Movafagh
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Electrical Resistance Tomography ◽  
Active Motion ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
2D And 3D

Wheat straw is a good source for the production of bioethanol. It can be converted into smaller fibers using mechanical treatment such as milling and grinding. These fibers can then be suspended in water and the slurry behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid possessing yield stress. In mixing operations, the presence of yield stress creates a region of active motion (called cavern) around the impeller, and stagnant zones in the rest of the tank. 2D and 3D electrical resistance tomography (ERT) images of wheat straw slurries were used in this study to measure the cavern diameter and height, respectively, created by mixing the slurries, and to estimate their yield stress from these dimensions. The average yield stresses of 5, 7, and 10 wt% slurries were 1.31 Pa, 4.2 Pa, and 14.8 Pa, respectively, when fiber size was ≤ 2 mm, and 3.4 Pa, 6.8 Pa, and 16.7 Pa, respectively, when fiber size was 8 mm ± 0.014 mm. The author believes that this study is the first novel application of ERT to estimate the yield stress of wheat straw slurries, as opposed to directly measuring it with a rheological instrument.

scholarly journals Characterization of the mixing of wheat straw slurries through electrical resistance tomography (ERT).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiva Movafagh
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Electrical Resistance Tomography ◽  
Active Motion ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
2D And 3D

Wheat straw is a good source for the production of bioethanol. It can be converted into smaller fibers using mechanical treatment such as milling and grinding. These fibers can then be suspended in water and the slurry behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid possessing yield stress. In mixing operations, the presence of yield stress creates a region of active motion (called cavern) around the impeller, and stagnant zones in the rest of the tank. 2D and 3D electrical resistance tomography (ERT) images of wheat straw slurries were used in this study to measure the cavern diameter and height, respectively, created by mixing the slurries, and to estimate their yield stress from these dimensions. The average yield stresses of 5, 7, and 10 wt% slurries were 1.31 Pa, 4.2 Pa, and 14.8 Pa, respectively, when fiber size was ≤ 2 mm, and 3.4 Pa, 6.8 Pa, and 16.7 Pa, respectively, when fiber size was 8 mm ± 0.014 mm. The author believes that this study is the first novel application of ERT to estimate the yield stress of wheat straw slurries, as opposed to directly measuring it with a rheological instrument.

Simulation Study of Tuber Electrical Resistance Tomography System

2014 ◽  
Vol 577 ◽  
pp. 705-708
Author(s):  
Xiang Deng ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
Zhao Dong ◽  
Hao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Electrical Resistance Tomography ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Growth Status ◽  
Status Monitoring ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Non Destructive

The fast non-destructive inspection of plant tubers or roots is a big problem in the plant accurate cultivation. With the characteristic of non-invasion, low cost, no radiation and visualization, the electrical resistance tomography technology is applied to the research of agriculture field; therefore it can be used in the tuber growth status monitoring, new varieties nurturing and fine cultivation of plants. The main research contents include: establish the sensitive model and simulate by using COMSOL software; the affects brought by different positions and sizes of one tuber are studied in detail and the research of effects of tuber number on electrical properties is carried out. The research has crucial guidance for the further study of the TERT technology.

scholarly journals Mixing time study in agitated multiple-lamp UV photoreactor using electrical resistance tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Fang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Electrical Resistance Tomography ◽  
Rushton Turbine ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Impeller Type ◽  
Uv Lamps ◽  
The Impact

The present study is devoted to the mixing time investigation in a single stirrer UV photoreactor aiming at the drinking water disinfection process. Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) was employed to measure the mixing quality due to the significant advantages. The reactor was a flat-bottomed cylindrical tank with a diameter of 38.1 cm and a height of 60.1 cm fitted with four symmetrically located vertical baffles. The performaces of a 6-blade Rushton turbine and a 4-blade 45° pitched-blade turbine were explored in this study. In the absence of the UV light, four PVC rods were used to replace four UV lamps and evaluate the impact of the locations of the UV tubes on the mixing time. The experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of the ERT system to monitor the mixing process in the UV photoreactor. The ERT results also indicated that the locations of the UV tubes had a signigicant impact on the mixing performance in such a batch stirred tank reactor. Other parameters encompassing the impeller rotational speed the impeller type, and off-bottom clearance were presented with respect to the extensive effects on the mixing time and power consumption.

Design of a Low-Cost Acquisition System to Reconstruct Images through Electrical Resistance Tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (09) ◽  
pp. 1592-1598
Author(s):  
Bruno Furtado de Moura ◽  
Marcio Ferreira Martins ◽  
Francisco Hernan Sepulveda Palma ◽  
Wellington Betencurte da Silva ◽  
Jorge Acevedo Cabello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acquisition System ◽  
Electrical Resistance Tomography

scholarly journals Mixing time study in agitated multiple-lamp UV photoreactor using electrical resistance tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Fang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Electrical Resistance Tomography ◽  
Rushton Turbine ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Impeller Type ◽  
Uv Lamps ◽  
The Impact

The present study is devoted to the mixing time investigation in a single stirrer UV photoreactor aiming at the drinking water disinfection process. Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) was employed to measure the mixing quality due to the significant advantages. The reactor was a flat-bottomed cylindrical tank with a diameter of 38.1 cm and a height of 60.1 cm fitted with four symmetrically located vertical baffles. The performaces of a 6-blade Rushton turbine and a 4-blade 45° pitched-blade turbine were explored in this study. In the absence of the UV light, four PVC rods were used to replace four UV lamps and evaluate the impact of the locations of the UV tubes on the mixing time. The experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of the ERT system to monitor the mixing process in the UV photoreactor. The ERT results also indicated that the locations of the UV tubes had a signigicant impact on the mixing performance in such a batch stirred tank reactor. Other parameters encompassing the impeller rotational speed the impeller type, and off-bottom clearance were presented with respect to the extensive effects on the mixing time and power consumption.

Application Study on Bubble Detection in a Metallic Bubble Column Using Electrical Resistance Tomography

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanna Ridzuan Aw ◽  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman ◽  
Fazlul Rahman Mohd Yunus ◽  
Naizatul Shima Fadzil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Electrical Resistance Tomography ◽  
Application Study ◽  
Bubble Detection ◽  
Fundamental Process ◽  
Metal Wall

Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) has been chosen as the field of study because of its advantages of being low cost, suitable for various kinds and sizes of pipes and vessels, having no radiation hazard, and being non-intrusive. In the development of ERT systems for metallic bubble column, prior knowledge of the fundamental process of the ERT system whilst improving the design and operation of the process equipment is essential. The fabricated electrodes need to be electrically insulated from the metal wall. Besides that, conducting boundary strategy is implemented to overcome the grounding effect of the metallic vessel.

scholarly journals Limited Angle Electrical Resistance Tomography in Wastewater Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenning Wu ◽  
Martin Hutton ◽  
Manuchehr Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Electrical Resistance Tomography ◽  
Limited Region ◽  
Image Reconstruction Method ◽  
High Speed Design

Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) has been investigated in monitoring conductive flows due to its high speed, non-intrusive and no radiation hazard advantages. Recently, we have developed an ERT system for the novel application of smart wastewater metering. The dedicated low cost and high-speed design of the reported ERT device allows for imaging pipes with different flow constituents and monitoring the sewer networks. This work extends the capability of such a system to work with partially filled lateral pipes where the incomplete data issue arises due to the electrodes losing contact with the conductive medium. Although the ERT for such a limited region has been developed for many years, there is no study on imaging content within these limited regions. For wastewater monitoring, this means imaging the wastewater and solid inclusions at the same time. This paper has presented a modified ERT system that has the capacity to image inclusions within the conductive region using limited data. We have adjusted the ERT hardware to register the information of the non-contact electrodes and hence the valid measurements. A limited region image reconstruction method based on Jacobian reformulation is applied to gain robustness when it comes to inclusion recovery in limited data ERT. Both simulation and experimental results have demonstrated an enhanced performance brought by the limited region method in comparison to the global reconstruction.

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