scholarly journals A hygrothermal comparative analysis of split-­Insulated, high-RSI wall assemblies in three Canadian climates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Stiffman
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Design Practices ◽  
Building Enclosure ◽  
Hygrothermal Simulation ◽  
Vapour Diffusion ◽  
Hygrothermal Performance ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Wall Assembly

As consciousness grows regarding the negative impacts most buildings have on the Earth's environment, techniques to mitigate this impact must emerge in mainstream design practices. A calibrated hygrothermal simulation was conducted using WUFI® Pro to assess predicted hygrothermal performance of a variety of wall assemblies that are likely to enter into mainstream design practices. The results of these simulations reveal the importance of designing assemblies that are resilient to field conditions that introduce more severe hygrothermal loads than standard vapour diffusion. It is clear that in order for a wall assembly to perform adequately under moisture ingress conditions, it must be able to dry freely to at least one side of the building enclosure. High-RSI assemblies with exterior XPS exhibited far diminished resiliency to driving rain penetration as compared to those without exterior insulation and those with exterior mineral wool.

scholarly journals A hygrothermal comparative analysis of split-­Insulated, high-RSI wall assemblies in three Canadian climates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Stiffman
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Design Practices ◽  
Building Enclosure ◽  
Hygrothermal Simulation ◽  
Vapour Diffusion ◽  
Hygrothermal Performance ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Wall Assembly

As consciousness grows regarding the negative impacts most buildings have on the Earth's environment, techniques to mitigate this impact must emerge in mainstream design practices. A calibrated hygrothermal simulation was conducted using WUFI® Pro to assess predicted hygrothermal performance of a variety of wall assemblies that are likely to enter into mainstream design practices. The results of these simulations reveal the importance of designing assemblies that are resilient to field conditions that introduce more severe hygrothermal loads than standard vapour diffusion. It is clear that in order for a wall assembly to perform adequately under moisture ingress conditions, it must be able to dry freely to at least one side of the building enclosure. High-RSI assemblies with exterior XPS exhibited far diminished resiliency to driving rain penetration as compared to those without exterior insulation and those with exterior mineral wool.

A comparison of hygrothermal simulation results derived from four simulation tools

2021 ◽  
pp. 174425912098876
Author(s):  
Maurice Defo ◽  
Michael Lacasse ◽  
Abdelaziz Laouadi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Mould Growth ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Assembly Design ◽  
Hygrothermal Simulation ◽  
Moisture Performance ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Wall Assembly

The objective of this work was to compare the hygrothermal responses and the moisture performance of four wood-frame walls as predicted by four hygrothermal (HAM) simulation tools, namely: DELPHIN, WUFI, hygIRC and COMSOL. The four wall systems differ only in their cladding type; these were fibreboard, vinyl, stucco and brick. Three Canadian cities having different climates were selected for simulations: Ottawa, Ontario; Vancouver, British Columbia and Calgary, Alberta. In each city, simulations were run for 2 years. Temperature and relative humidity of the outer layer of OSB sheathing were compared amongst the four simulation tools. The mould growth index on the outer layer of the OSB sheathing was used to compare the moisture performance predicted by the respective hygrothermal simulation tools. Temperature profiles of the outer layer of the OSB sheathing were all in good agreement for the four HAM tools in the three locations. For relative humidity, the highest discrepancies amongst the four tools were found with stucco cladding where differences as high as 20% could be found from time to time. Mould growth indices predicted by the four HAM tools were similar in some cases but different in other cases. The discrepancies amongst the different HAM tools were likely related to: the material property processing, how the quantity of wind-driven rain absorbed at the cladding surface is computed and some implementation details. Despite these discrepancies, The tools generally yielded consistent results and could be used for comparing the impacts of different designs on the risk of premature deterioration, as well as for evaluating the relative effects of climate change on a given wall assembly design.

scholarly journals Resistance of ETICS with Fire Barriers to Cyclic Hygrothermal Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9220
Author(s):  
Rosita Norvaišienė ◽  
Paweł Krause ◽  
Vincent Buhagiar ◽  
Arūnas Burlingis
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Horizontal Strip ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Hygrothermal Performance ◽  
Thermal Data ◽  
Chamber Temperature

The article presents the results of a set of hygrothermal experiments of an external wall insulated with an ETICS. As an add-on to previous studies, thermal insulation in the form of polystyrene with an additional horizontal strip of mineral wool was used. Laboratory tests were carried out in accordance with ETAG 004. The ETICS test rig was composed of combustible expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) and horizontal strips of noncombustible mineral wool (MW) fire barriers over windows. The physical and mechanical properties of four types of finishing renders (without an additional reinforcement mesh in base coat of the fire barriers) were analyzed across full hygrothermal cycles in a climate chamber. Temperature sensors were mounted onto different ETICS layers to collect thermal data during the weathering. The testing of ETICS regarding their hygrothermal performance revealed that there were no visible defects on any renderings and over the junctions depending on the type of used insulation materials. Results also showed that the joints of EPS and MW have approximately half of their bond strength from polystyrene strength.

A Comparative Analysis of the Organic Food Market in Turkey, EU, and US

2020 ◽  
pp. 454-483
Author(s):  
Bilge Ozturk Goktuna ◽  
Nazife Merve Hamzaoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Eu And Us ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Agriculture And Food

Conventional agriculture has long been criticized about its negative externalities on issues like public health, environment, biodiversity, and all ecological systems on the planet such as environmental pollution, soil erosion, reduction of animal welfare, and negative impacts of GMOs. As an alternative production system to address these problems, organic agriculture has been developed worldwide since the 1970s. In this chapter, an overview of organic agriculture and food market is given and a comparative analysis between organic agricultural markets in EU, US, and Turkey is made after an outlook on the world organic food market. It is seen that EU and US are forthcoming leaders in the organic food market, whilst Turkey remains behind many developed countries in terms of organic production, per capita consumption, and retail sales.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on the Drying-Out Ability of Highly Insulated Wall Structures with Built-In Moisture and Rain Leakage

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Viljanen ◽  
Xiaoshu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Hygrothermal Performance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Heat And Moisture

The recent research on highly insulated structures presents controversial conclusions on risks in moisture safety. This paper addresses these controversial issues through investigating the hygrothermal performance of energy efficient envelope structures under high moisture loads. The experiments consist of built-in moisture and rain leakage tests in mineral wool insulated structures. A heat and moisture transfer simulation model is developed to examine the drying-out ability in both warm and cold seasons. The results show that the energy efficient structures have an excellent drying out ability against built-in and leakage moisture. The difference in the drying ability is limited compared to conventional structures. A critical leakage moisture amount reaching the insulation cavity for a wood frame wall is determined to be between 6.9–20.7 g in a single rain event occurring every other day. Further research is required to target highly insulated structures, particularly addressing water vapor diffusion and convection.

scholarly journals An Investigation into the Hygrothermal Performance of a Mineral Wool Based Externally Insulated Enclosure in a Cold Climate

2017 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Mark A. Flynn ◽  
Russell Richman ◽  
Mark Gorgolewski ◽  
Kelsey Saunders ◽  
Craig Race
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Hygrothermal Performance

scholarly journals Sensitivity analysis of hygrothermal performance of wood framed wall assembly under different climatic conditions: the impact of cladding properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
Chetan Aggarwal ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Maurice Defo ◽  
Hua Ge ◽  
Max Junginger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Liquid Diffusivity ◽  
Hygrothermal Performance ◽  
Moisture Performance ◽  
Wall Assembly ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cladding Material

Abstract One of the parameters that influences the moisture performance of the wood framed wall assembly is the material properties of exterior cladding. The uncertainties of its properties, would result in a range of wall performance. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of uncertainties in cladding material properties on moisture performance of wood framed wall assembly under different climatic conditions. A wood framed (2×6 wood stud) wall with exterior brick cladding was simulated assuming 1% rain leakage deposited on the exterior side of sheathing membrane. A parametric study was carried out to analyze the impact of the cladding properties on the moisture response of OSB. The simulations were conducted in five different cities located in different climate zones across Canada. The aim was to identify the most influential cladding property on the moisture response of OSB, i.e., mould growth index and moisture content, to the varying cladding properties under different climatic conditions i.e., different cities under historical and future conditions. In general, it was found that liquid diffusivity is the parameter that has the most influence on moisture response of OSB in all the five cities. Also, the significance of this influence varies depending on the climatic conditions.

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