scholarly journals Expert system for dimensioning reinforcement and connections of wood with steel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Vosskuehler
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Timber Constructions ◽  
Steel Sections

Ecological and sustainability values in the construction sector have become increasingly important, likewise the demand for timber constructions have increased. Simultaneously opportunities have developed to enhance the structural disadvantages of timber, leading to more economic and efficient structures. The engineering office Knippers Helbig does not only design timber structures frequently but is also a pioneer regarding the use of timber as a solid building material. This leads to the idea to develop a tool for a particular project and as a preparation tool for following project which enables the firm to evaluate advance calculations. Solutions were sought for strengthening in flexure and tension perpendicular to the grain of timber with steel as well as dimensioning connections with glued-in steel sections. With the tool, quick feasibility and variant studies for reinforcement and connection types are possible. Furthermore each dimensioning method is based on standardized calculations, so detailed verification can be performed. Da ökologische und nachhaltige Werte in den letzten Jahrzehnten auch im Bausektor von immer größerer Bedeutung werden, ist die Nachfrage nach Holzkonstruktion kontinuierlich gestiegen. Gleichzeitig oder grade deswegen entwickelten sich Möglichkeiten die strukturellen Nachteile von Holz auszubessern, was zu ökonomischeren und effizienteren Strukturen führte. Das Ingenieurbüro Knippers Helbig plant nicht nur gerne und häufig Holzkonstruktionen, sondern ist auch Vorreiter, was die Verwendung von Holz als Massivbaustoff betrifft. Daraus ergab sich die Idee, dass für ein Projekt im Speziellen und als Vorbereitung für folgende ein Tool entwickelt werden sollte, dass es ermöglicht weiterführenden Dimensionierungen zu berechnen. Dabei ging es darum Biege- und Querzugverstärkungen von Holz mit Stahl zu bemessen sowie Anschlüsse mit eingeklebten Stahlquerschnitten zu dimensionieren. Mit dem Tool dieser Masterarbeit ist es möglich zum einen schnelle Machbarkeits-, sowie Variantenstudien von Bewehrungs- oder Anschlusstypen durchzuführen, aber zum anderen liegen jedem Nachweis genormte bzw. bauaufsichtlich zugestimmten Berechnungen zugrunde, sodass Detailnachweise geführt werden können.

Expert system for dimensioning reinforcement and connections of wood with steel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Vosskuehler
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Timber Constructions ◽  
Steel Sections

Ecological and sustainability values in the construction sector have become increasingly important, likewise the demand for timber constructions have increased. Simultaneously opportunities have developed to enhance the structural disadvantages of timber, leading to more economic and efficient structures. The engineering office Knippers Helbig does not only design timber structures frequently but is also a pioneer regarding the use of timber as a solid building material. This leads to the idea to develop a tool for a particular project and as a preparation tool for following project which enables the firm to evaluate advance calculations. Solutions were sought for strengthening in flexure and tension perpendicular to the grain of timber with steel as well as dimensioning connections with glued-in steel sections. With the tool, quick feasibility and variant studies for reinforcement and connection types are possible. Furthermore each dimensioning method is based on standardized calculations, so detailed verification can be performed. Da ökologische und nachhaltige Werte in den letzten Jahrzehnten auch im Bausektor von immer größerer Bedeutung werden, ist die Nachfrage nach Holzkonstruktion kontinuierlich gestiegen. Gleichzeitig oder grade deswegen entwickelten sich Möglichkeiten die strukturellen Nachteile von Holz auszubessern, was zu ökonomischeren und effizienteren Strukturen führte. Das Ingenieurbüro Knippers Helbig plant nicht nur gerne und häufig Holzkonstruktionen, sondern ist auch Vorreiter, was die Verwendung von Holz als Massivbaustoff betrifft. Daraus ergab sich die Idee, dass für ein Projekt im Speziellen und als Vorbereitung für folgende ein Tool entwickelt werden sollte, dass es ermöglicht weiterführenden Dimensionierungen zu berechnen. Dabei ging es darum Biege- und Querzugverstärkungen von Holz mit Stahl zu bemessen sowie Anschlüsse mit eingeklebten Stahlquerschnitten zu dimensionieren. Mit dem Tool dieser Masterarbeit ist es möglich zum einen schnelle Machbarkeits-, sowie Variantenstudien von Bewehrungs- oder Anschlusstypen durchzuführen, aber zum anderen liegen jedem Nachweis genormte bzw. bauaufsichtlich zugestimmten Berechnungen zugrunde, sodass Detailnachweise geführt werden können.

scholarly journals Protection as a Mean to Increase the Sustainability of Wood Structures

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Calin CORDUBAN ◽  
Giovanna BOCHICCHIO ◽  
Andrea POLASTRI ◽  
Ario CECCOTTI
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Wood Structures ◽  
Fire Propagation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Timber Constructions ◽  
Materials Used

Timber has been rediscovered as the building material of choice in recent years, especially in industrialised countries, with the shift of focus on attitudes towards sustainability that include use of natural resources and reduction of CO 2 emissions in manufacturing building materials. The environmental qualities of wood (energy-efficiency, healphy building material, ability to be recycled) are matched by few materials used in constructions nowadays, makeing it suitable for a wide range of applications. The combustibility of wood is limiting its use in construction, an important weakness in terms of sustainability, as health and cost issues constitute essential conditions in sustainability assessment methods. Arguably, fire safety constitutes the foremost precondition in choosing wood as the building material. In the case of fire, wood burns on the surface, releases energy and contributes to the fire propagation and spread of smoke. In order to insure greater safety for timber constructions, both passive and active measures of fire protection can be implemented, with the main objectives of improving the security of occupants, limitations of financial loss, protection of the environment in the case of fire. Despite the fear of using wood, the material has a better behavior in terms of fire than assumed, and even with structures more susceptible at fire risks, such as platform framing, measures can be taken in order to improve safety, as further explained in the article. The article analyses the concept of sustainability and the extent to which timber constructions observe these criteria, focusing on the means of increasing safety by fire protection methods with respect to the environment.

scholarly journals Uso de nutrientes tecnológicos como materia prima en la fabricación de materiales de construcción en el paradigma de la economía circular

Respuestas ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Sarabia-Guarin ◽  
Jorge Sánchez-Molina ◽  
Juan Carlos Leyva-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Waste Reuse

Antecedentes: El sector de la construcción es uno de los sectores económicos en Colombia con mayor crecimiento, generando grandes cantidades de residuos como producto del proceso de construcción, y/o demolición, o en su defecto en la fabricación de los materiales de construcción. Objetivo: facilitar el acceso a información académicocientífica actualizada sobre reciclaje de residuos industriales y su aplicación en la fabricación de materiales de construcción. Así mismo se emplea el término de economía circular, el cual hace referencia a la integración de las actividades de reducción (consumo de energía y residuos), reutilización y recuperación durante la producción, el intercambio y consumo. Conclusión: además de reducir la contaminación generada por los residuos de los sectores productivos, con el aprovechamiento de los subproductos ha sido posible mejorar ciertas propiedades tecnológicas de estos materiales de construcción.Palabras Clave: economía circular, materiales de construcción, nutriente tecnológico, reciclaje, residuos industriales.AbstractBackground: The construction sector is one of the economic sectors with the highest growth in Colombia, generating large amounts of waste as a result of the construction process, and / or demolition, or otherwise in the building material manufacturing. Objective: to facilitate the access to updated academic-scientific information on recycling of industrial waste and its application for the building material manufacturing. Moreover, the concept of circular economy is used, which refers to the integration of the reduction activities (energy consumption and waste),reuse and recycling during the production, exchange and consumption. Conclusion: in addition to the reduction of the pollution generated by waste from the productive sectors, certain technological properties of these building materials have been improved through the use of waste. Keywords: circular economy, building materials, technological nutrient, recycling, industrial waste.

scholarly journals The Characteristics of Beam String Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaréta Kusendová ◽  
Tomáš Klas
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Large Span ◽  
Leading Role

Abstract Large-span constructions are used more and more today in practice. While concrete and steel previously played a leading role, now constructions which use wood as a building material occur more often. This article deals with problems related to composite structure made from steel and wood by focusing on the connections of these structures in more detail. The main part of this work concentrates on the experimental verification of the resistance of four types of joints. It compares the results with Eurocode 5: design of timber structures.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Useful Use of Glued Wooden Construction Residues

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4106
Author(s):  
Peteris Resnais ◽  
Aldis Grekis ◽  
Matiss Keivs ◽  
Baiba Gaujena
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Timber Structure ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Panel Testing ◽  
Timber Constructions ◽  
The Impact

People have erected buildings with the use of timber structures for a long time. The uses of timber constructions are very diverse—it is used for the production of exterior wall and roof constructions, window frames and doors, and it is used for dry as well as wet premises. Scandinavian countries have extremely vast experience of using timber structures. Latvia has a rather extensive timber processing and timber structure manufacturing sector. Many companies are involved in timber processing, however, to enable even more extensive use of timber structures, environmental and technically economic requirements of contemporary building must be taken into consideration. Environmental requirements for timber structures provide certain advantages in comparison to other building materials, but technically economic requirements are very important as well. The development of manufacturing of glued constructions and research of production processes of these constructions allows one to find solutions for the reduction in the cost of timber structures, and the results of such research can ensure significant development of the use of timber structures in building, as well as reduce total construction costs. The basic objective of the study is to investigate the residual materials arising as a result of processing cross-laminated timber constructions (CLT panels), material generated as a result of high levels of construction production, and research of the opportunities to reprocess the residual materials generated as a result of laminated timber structure manufacturing into materials suitable for production of building constructions. The majority of CLT panels are manufactured using 20, 30 and 40 mm thick boards, and, during the panel manufacturing process, there are various standard thicknesses of panels, for example, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 mm, etc. Various layers are used for the creation of various thicknesses depending on the necessary technical properties. Various arrangements of the thickness of a single panel will cause different structural and physical behaviour (i.e., impact of changes in moisture, fire resistance, etc.). During the research and for the purposes of testing of CLT panels, only residues with equal types and thicknesses of lamellae were selected. Two main purposes were included in the panel testing process: (1) Comparison of technical performance of the residues of CLT panels with the classic CLT panel. Curve strength and tensile strength tests were performed in accordance with LVS EN standards (LVS EN 16351: 2016 and LVS EN 408 + A1: 2012). All the samples were prepared according to the LVS EN standards. (2) To assess the impact of two resins (melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) and polyurethane (PU)), widely used in industry, on structural properties of recycled CLT material. Results of the research show that recycling residues of glued wooden constructions may lead to good results, and manufacturing residues of CLT panels may be successfully used in construction and for the reduction in CLT panel manufacturing costs.

scholarly journals Barriers for Use of Wood in Architecture: The Latvian Case

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antra Viļuma ◽  
Uģis Bratuškins
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Residential Construction ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractWood in general is a traditional building material in Northern Europe including Latvia and other Baltic countries, but nowadays it is used less in Latvia than in other EU countries. There are many forests in Latvia and a well-developed timber industry. Latvian society is enthusiastic about eco-materials, and qualified architects and engineers are ready to work with timber structures. However, wood is mainly used for small buildings and residential construction, but minimally in public and multi-apartment buildings. The study was carried out among architects and other stakeholders in Latvia to analyze their impact on the selection of building material. Thirty-eight interviews were conducted, questionnaire among 73 respondents carried out, and discussion in a focus group was held to find out the main reason and barriers for using wood for buildings in Latvia less than in other EU countries. During the research the main influencing factors for choosing wood constructions were identified and seven main barriers formulated. The study results were compared with the results of similar studies in other countries. Two of the seven barriers in Latvia – stereotypes and legislation – were not mentioned in other studies, nevertheless, these are the most frequently mentioned obstacles in the Latvian case.

Friction magazine: The upcycling of manufacture for structural design

2021 ◽  
pp. 095605992110640
Author(s):  
Alexandre Le Pavec ◽  
Sonia Zerhouni ◽  
Nicolas Leduc ◽  
Kateryna Kuzmenko ◽  
Maurizio Brocato
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Physical Phenomenon ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Form Finding ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
New Buildings

The growing need for new buildings and the soaring resources depletion call for a new way of considering the building material. As follows, the principle of recycling and reuse keep gaining in consideration as a pertinent strategy to address those issues, inciting the use of new materials and approaches for structural design. The present paper inscribes in this later framework and proposes a method for structural design and manufacturing out of old magazines using a broadly known physical phenomenon of friction in interleaved assemblies. The proposed method consist of a stock-based form-finding strategy for a net-like structure, based on the mechanical and fabrication-aware considerations with an integration of a geodesic constrain control for the rectilinear paper strips. In closing, a demonstration pavilion is built using the developed method and its further potential applications in construction sector are discussed.

scholarly journals THE SITUATION WITH USE OF WOOD CONSTRUCTIONS IN CONTEMPORARY LATVIAN ARCHITECTURE / MEDINIŲ KONSTRUKCIJŲ PANAUDOJIMAS ŠIUOLAIKINĖJE LATVIJOS ARCHITEKTŪROJE

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antra Viluma
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Timber Constructions ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Complex Construction ◽  
Museum Of Contemporary Art ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Restrictive Legislation

Wood is a historic building material used throughout the Baltic States. Latvia’s forests cover 52% of the country and there are more than 30 producers of timber constructions materials, but during the last two decades the use wood in Latvian architecture has declined when compared to other countries in Europe. In particular – Latvian architects avoid the use of timber in public and multi-unit apartment buildings. Wood is a sustainable and technically appropriate building material for many types of buildings including complex construction, but in Latvian architecture it is used more in facades as a finishing material. This study analyses buildings built during the last few decades, conducted a number of interviews and found that the percentage of wooden buildings in the total building volume in Latvia is less than 5% in both apartment buildings and public sector buildings. Restrictive legislation and negative stereotypes were mentioned as reasons as to why architects avoid the use of wood. For the survey results seven Latvian Museum of Contemporary Art competition projects were analysed as well. Mediena yra tradicinė statybos medžiaga, naudojama visose Baltijos šalyse. 53 proc. Latvijos teritorijos dengia miškai, šalyje yra daugiau nei 30 medienos perdirbimo įmonių. Bet pastaraisiais dviem dešimtmečiais medienos panaudojimas Latvijos architektūroje sumažėjo, ypač lyginant su kitomis Europos šalimis. Latvijos architektai vengia naudoti medieną viešiesiems pastatams ir daugiabučiams namams. Mediena yra tvari ir techniškai tinkama statybos medžiaga skirtingiems pastatams, taip pat ir daugiafunkciams, tačiau Latvijos architektūroje ji dažniau naudojama fasadų apdailai. Šiame tyrime nagrinėjami per pastaruosius keletą dešimtmečių pastatyti statiniai, o atlikus daug apklausų nustatyta, kad mediniai pastatai tesudaro mažiau nei 5 proc. bendros viešųjų ir gyvenamųjų statinių statybų Latvijoje apimties. Ribojantys reglamentai ir neigiami stereotipai buvo paminėti kaip pagrindinės priežastys, dėl kurių architektai vengia naudoti medieną. Tyrimo rezultatai buvo gauti išanalizavus septynis Latvijos šiuolaikinio meno muziejaus rengto konkurso projektus.

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