scholarly journals Experimenting with the past to improve environmental monitoring programs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Easton R White ◽  
Christie A. Bahlai
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Monitoring Programs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Term Monitoring

Long-term monitoring programs are a fundamental part of both understanding system dynamics and informing management decisions. However, monitoring programs not always designed to consider statistical power, site selection, or the full costs and benefits of monitoring. Further, data from monitoring programs with different goals and protocols are now being combined for comparative analyses. Key considerations can be incorporated into the optimal design of a management program with simulations and experiments. Here, we advocate for the expanded use of a third approach: non-random sampling of previously-collected data. This approach conducts experiments with available data to understand the consequences of different monitoring approaches. We first illustrate non-random sampling in the context of monitoring programs to assess species trends. We then apply the approach to a pair of additional, more general case studies to show the versatility of conducting experiments with previously-collected data. Non-random sampling of previously-collected data is underutilized, but has the potential to improve monitoring programs. We show that this approach is useful in monitoring species trends, understanding fisheries and agriculture, as well as other areas. When combined with data on the cost of monitoring, this approach can also be used to assess the value of information gained from monitoring.

scholarly journals Experimenting With the Past to Improve Environmental Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Easton R. White ◽  
Christie A. Bahlai
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Optimal Length ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Monitoring Programs ◽  
Term Monitoring

Long-term monitoring programs are a fundamental part of both understanding ecological systems and informing management decisions. However, there are many constraints which might prevent monitoring programs from being designed to consider statistical power, site selection, or the full costs and benefits of monitoring. Key considerations can be incorporated into the optimal design of a management program with simulations and experiments. Here, we advocate for the expanded use of a third approach: non-random resampling of previously-collected data. This approach conducts experiments with available data to understand the consequences of different monitoring approaches. We first illustrate non-random resampling in determining the optimal length and frequency of monitoring programs to assess species trends. We then apply the approach to a pair of additional case studies, from fisheries and agriculture. Non-random resampling of previously-collected data is underutilized, but has the potential to improve monitoring programs.

Enabling Community Well-being Self-Monitoring in the Context of Mining: The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Klinck ◽  
Ben Bradshaw ◽  
Ruby Sandy ◽  
Silas Nabinacaboo ◽  
Mannie Mameanskum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Community Engaged Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mineral Development ◽  
Iron Deposits ◽  
Term Monitoring

The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach is an Aboriginal community located in northern Quebec near the Labrador Border. Given the region’s rich iron deposits, the Naskapi Nation has considerable experience with major mineral development, first in the 1950s to the 1980s, and again in the past decade as companies implement plans for further extraction. This has raised concerns regarding a range of environmental and socio-economic impacts that may be caused by renewed development. These concerns have led to an interest among the Naskapi to develop a means to track community well-being over time using indicators of their own design. Exemplifying community-engaged research, this paper describes the beginning development of such a tool in fall 2012—the creation of a baseline of community well-being against which mining-induced change can be identified. Its development owes much to the remarkable and sustained contribution of many key members of the Naskapi Nation. If on-going surveying is completed based on the chosen indicators, the Nation will be better positioned to recognize shifts in its well-being and to communicate these shifts to its partners. In addition, long-term monitoring will allow the Naskapi Nation to contribute to more universal understanding of the impacts of mining for Indigenous peoples.

scholarly journals FORECAST OF THE REFORMATION OF THE KRASNOYARSK RESERVOIR COASTAL ZONE IN THE KURTAK VILLAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
G.Yu. Yamskikh ◽  
A.V. Kozhukhovsky ◽  
K.V. Marusin ◽  
E.A. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Similar Type ◽  
Coastal Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Verification Of Models ◽  
The Village ◽  
Term Monitoring

The article presents the analysis and prediction of coastal processes at the site of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir in the village of Kurtak where there are the most intensive processes of coastal reshaping. Over the past 50 years, the coast has receded here by an average of 350 m and continues to actively collapse at a speed of 3-5 m per year. Despite the fact that the intensity of coastal processes in this area has significantly decreased (mainly due to the general decrease in the level of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir), the rate of retreat of the shore is still high. However, it can be concluded that for the researched area the coastal reshaping does not pose a real threat to economic activity in the next 30 years. The article tested various methods of forecasting coastal processes, selected the most appropriate for the shores of a similar type. Verification of models was carried out on the basis of data of long-term monitoring of the site under consideration, which gave the chance to compare results of forecasts on different techniques to real retreat of the coast on this site.

scholarly journals Minimum time required to detect population trends: the need for long-term monitoring programs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Easton R White
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Series Length ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Monitoring Programs

Long-term time series are necessary to better understand population dynamics, assess species' conservation status, and make management decisions. However, population data are often expensive, requiring a lot of time and resources. What is the minimum population time series length required to detect significant trends in abundance? I first present an overview of the theory and past work that has tried to address this question. As a test of these approaches, I then examine 822 populations of vertebrate species. I show that 72% of time series required at least 10 years of continuous monitoring in order to achieve a high level of statistical power. However, the large variability between populations casts doubt on commonly used simple rules of thumb, like those employed by the IUCN Red List. I argue that statistical power needs to be considered more often in monitoring programs. Short time series are likely under-powered and potentially misleading.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness of an Obesity Management Program for 6- to 15-Year-Old Children in Poland: Data from Over Three Thousand Participants

Obesity Facts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-498
Author(s):  
Ewa Bandurska ◽  
Michał Brzeziński ◽  
Paulina Metelska ◽  
Marzena Zarzeczna-Baran
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
School Programs ◽  
Overweight Group ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
The Cost

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Obesity and overweight, including childhood obesity and overweight, pose a public health challenge worldwide. According to the available research findings, long-term interventions focusing on dietary behavior, physical activity, and psychological support are the most effective in reducing obesity in children aged 6–18 years. There are limited studies showing the financial effectiveness of such interventions. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The objective of the present study was to evaluate cost-effectiveness of the 6-10-14 for Health weight management program using pharmacoeconomic indicators, i.e., cost-effectiveness analysis using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We used anthropometric data of 3,081 children included in a 1-year-long intervention with a full financial cost assessment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The cost of removing a child from the overweight group (BMI &#x3e;85th percentile) was PLN 27,758 (EUR 6,463), and the cost of removing a child from the obese group (BMI &#x3e;95th percentile) was slightly lower, i.e., PLN 23,601 (EUR 5,495). Given the obesity-related medical costs calculated in the life-long perspective, these results can be considered encouraging. At the same time, when comparing the total costs per participant with the costs of other interventions, it can be noted that they are similar to the costs of school programs containing more than 1 type of intervention. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The 6-10-14 for Health program can be considered cost-effective. As a result of committing financial resources in the approximate amount of EUR 1,790 per child, around half of the children participating in the program have improved their weight indicators.

Assessment of Hurricane Irma Impacts on South Florida Seagrass Communities Using Long-Term Monitoring Programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1119-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara S. Wilson ◽  
Bradley T. Furman ◽  
Margaret O. Hall ◽  
James W. Fourqurean
Keyword(s):  
South Florida ◽  
Monitoring Programs ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Hurricane Irma

scholarly journals The diverse pulsational behaviour of β Cep stars: results from long-term monitoring

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (S301) ◽  
pp. 417-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Handler
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Consistent Picture ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Term Monitoring

AbstractWe studied seven β Cep stars photometrically over the past ten years. Some showed amplitude variations, some frequency changes, and others exhibited stable pulsations, with no consistent picture yet emerging. Additionally, 12 Lac appears to have a 6.7-yr binary companion.

China's Inflation: Demand-Pull or Cost-Push?

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Private Investment ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Demand Pull ◽  
The Cost

This paper studies the determinants of China's inflation and finds that demand-pull factors have been more important than cost-push factors in driving the inflation in the past decade. Because China's economic growth will gradually moderate and because the adjustment of the prices of the factors of production is also underway, the cost-push factors may soon play a more significant role in driving future inflation. Thus the Keynesian-style demand-side policy will not be enough to control inflation. More attention must now be given to supply-side management—such as dismantling monopolies, boosting private investment, encouraging innovation, and improving productivity—to mitigate the medium- to long-term inflation pressure.

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