China's Inflation: Demand-Pull or Cost-Push?

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Private Investment ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Demand Pull ◽  
The Cost

This paper studies the determinants of China's inflation and finds that demand-pull factors have been more important than cost-push factors in driving the inflation in the past decade. Because China's economic growth will gradually moderate and because the adjustment of the prices of the factors of production is also underway, the cost-push factors may soon play a more significant role in driving future inflation. Thus the Keynesian-style demand-side policy will not be enough to control inflation. More attention must now be given to supply-side management—such as dismantling monopolies, boosting private investment, encouraging innovation, and improving productivity—to mitigate the medium- to long-term inflation pressure.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
T. K. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Coercive Power ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push Factors ◽  
Western State ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Violent Action ◽  
Push And Pull

How has political violence changed over the long term? This introduction makes the case for looking closely at specific acts—or ‘repertoires’—of violent action. Only through such a fine-grained approach can the distinctively modern quality to contemporary violence be isolated analytically: including its frequently impersonal nature—the killing of strangers referenced in the book’s title. The definitional and geographical parameters of the study are briskly sketched: and the overall structure delineated. An early emphasis is placed here on both ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors in shaping modern political violence. Push factors concern chiefly the rise of the modern western state undergirded by bureaucracies of extraordinary coercive power and reach. ‘Pull’ factors refer to the technological and social changes that open up radically new opportunities and possibilities for violence.

scholarly journals Thinking about Thinking about Comparative Political Economy: From Macro to Micro and Back

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Mark Schwartz ◽  
Bent Sofus Tranøy
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Comparative Political Economy ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Financial Bubble ◽  
Central Economic

How and why did comparative political economy (CPE) lose sight of the sources of growing macroeconomic and political instability, a problem that encompassed a growing financial bubble and then a crash in the housing market, a period of sluggish growth that plausibly constitutes secular stagnation, and a crisis of political legitimacy manifesting itself in the rise of antisystem “populist” parties? A gradual shift in CPE’s research agenda from macroeconomic to microeconomic concerns, and from demand-side to supply-side explanations, diminished its ability to analyze adequately the central economic and political problems of the past twenty years. This article traces CPE’s evolution through successive “supermodels” that constituted its core research foci. To understand the current crisis, CPE needs to revisit and update its original roots in Keynes, macroeconomics, and the demand side. This shift is already happening at the margins, as CPE scholars struggle to understand the current crisis.

European IPO Markets: The Post-Issue Performance Imperative

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît F. Leleux ◽  
Daniel F. Muzyka
Keyword(s):  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Secondary Markets ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
European Markets

European secondary markets appear to have so far failed as providers of capital for emerging growth companies. Conventional explanations focus on the supply side of the market, blaming over-regulation, complex listing requirements, the absence of an equity culture, weak competition between national markets, and a shortage of growth companies. This paper highlights significant underperformance in long-term IPO returns in European markets, possibly affecting demand by Investors. Alternative demand-side factors, such as constraints on Institutional investments in small cap stocks and the consequent lack of supporting analysts, and methodological Issues in measuring long-term performance, are also discussed.

Enhanced Demand-Side Placement Model to Meet the Needs of Transition Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-182
Author(s):  
Dennis Gilbride ◽  
Robert Stensrud ◽  
Matt Bruinekool
Keyword(s):  
System Change ◽  
Career Pathways ◽  
Rehabilitation Counselors ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Transition Age Youth ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Transition Age ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
The Past

Background:Over the past 25 years, research has demonstrated the value of the demand-side placement model in increasing employment opportunities for people with disabilities.Objective:The demand-side model is focused on working with businesses (the demand-side) to create systemic change within companies to pull-in consumers, in contrast to a supply side model in which we try to push clients into employment.Method:This article describes an extension of the model that is focused on establishing sector-based career pipelines between transition age youth and entry-level jobs that offer opportunities for advancement along career pathways.Findings:A number of the components of the model described in this article have been tried in various states and localities but nowhere has this model been comprehensively implemented.Conclusion:The six phases of the model are outlined with a detailed description of the activities rehabilitation counselors need to perform or facilitate the system change necessary to increase employment opportunities for transition age youth.

scholarly journals Development of Optimized Methodology for Improvement Domestic Energy Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 5288-5294
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Load Schedule ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Daily Load

Electrical energy management (EEM) is an object that has proceeds appointed importance in the 21 th - century in order to its assistance to economic development and ecological ascertainment. “EEM” may be perfected on the supply side “(SS)” or demand side “(DS)”. On the supply side, “EEM” is cultivated when: There is an outgrowth desire “(demand requirement is higher than supply)”. “EEM” assists to suspend the design a resent generation station. On the “DS”, “EEM” is used to minimize the cost of electrical energy consumption and the interrelated forfeitures. The technique utilized for “EEM” is demand side load management that plan at ending valley filling, peak clipping and strategic preservation of electrical systems [1]. Seeming new inventions like “distributed generation (DG)”, “distributed storage (DS)” and “DSLM” will modify the method we use and generate energy. A smart grid (SG) is an electrical network that manages electricity demand in an unstoppable sustainable, reliable and economic manner. A smart grid uses smart net meters to overcome the sickliness of traditional electrical grid. “(DSM)” is a vital advantage of “(SG)” to progress power efficiency, minimize the peak average load and minimize the cost. From basic purposes of DSM is shifting load from peak hours to off-peak hours and reducing consumption during peak hours. Generally, a deregulated grid system is considered where the retailer purchases electricity from the electricity market to cover the end users’ energy need. In this research, Demand Side Management (DSM) techniques (load shifting and Peak clipping) are used to maximize the profit for Retailer Company by reducing total power demand pending peak demand periods and achieve an optimal daily load schedule using linear programming method and Genetic Algorithm. This method is performed on the 69-bus radial network. Also, a short term Artificial Neural Network technique is used to get forecasted wind speed, solar radiation and forecasted users load for date 15-Aug-2019. The neural network here uses an actual hourly load data, actual hourly wind speed and solar radiation data. Then the forecasted data is used in the optimization to get optimal daily load schedule to maximize the profit for Retailer Company. Then comparison between profit using linear programing and genetic algorithm are made. The optimized DSM succeeded to maximize the profits of the company.

scholarly journals Die ekonomiese impak van belasting op mynwater in Suid-Afrika

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacolien Steyn ◽  
Ewert P.J. Kleynhans
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
General Equilibrium Modelling

Water pollution by mines is a major problem in South Africa. This study examined the contribution that an additional tax on the consumption of water by the mining industry can provide. In the past, the rising demand for water resources was addressed through supply-side mechanisms. Mines are the biggest polluter of drinking water in South Africa and the question is whether this is still the most appropriate way to address the problem. This study proposes that the authorities should consider an additional tax on mines and investigates the effect it will have on the demand for water, as well as its pollution, and the effect on the country’s economy, various industrial sectors and consumers, and in particular the poorest citizens. The research applied advanced economic general equilibrium modelling in its empirical investigation. The results of the modelling are significant both in the short- and long-term scenarios studied. It was found that an additional tax on the consumption of water by mines will produce the desired results, with little negative consequences for the industry and the country as a whole.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE RUSSIAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I OVOD ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Total Sales

The pharmaceutical market in Russia in the current environment is one of the most dynamically developing, which is associated with its high importance for ensuring national security. The change in the foreign policy environment against the background of the events of 2014 showed the negative aspects of the country's previously existing dependence on the import of pharmaceutical products, defining the implementation of the import substitution strategy in the field of drug supply as a long-term benchmark for the development of the industry. However, its implementation actually ran into a number of difficulties, the most important of which is the insufficient level of development of the country's scientific and technical potential in this industry. In the course of the study, the analysis of the main indicators of the dynamics and structure of the domestic pharmaceutical market in physical and value terms, identification of the main trends and their causes was carried out. It has been established that in the past 3 years the domestic pharmaceutical market has been developing, which is confirmed by a steady trend towards an increase in its value from 1.6 to 1.8 trillion. rub. At the same time, generic drugs predominate in the market structure in 2019, accounting for more than 85% of the total number of packs sold, the cost of which amounted to about 60% of the total sales. Consequently, on the Russian pharmaceutical market, there is a tendency towards active distribution of generic drugs of domestic origin, which is due to their price advantage compared to original imported drugs, which are expensive and have problems with implementation under conditions of economic sanctions.

scholarly journals A review of the influence of long-term patterns in research and technological development (R&D) formalisation on university-industry links

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luiz de Campos
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
University Industry ◽  
Supply Side Factors

Interest has been growing in the study of the role played by university-industry links in the development and strengthening of economic systems. It is commonly agreed that universityindustry links play a crucial role in the economy, and many studies have examined the factors that influence their occurrence. Two sets of factors can be identified from these studies: demand-side factors (i.e. relating to industry) and supply-side factors (i.e. relating to universities). This paper reviews the literature covering these issues, concentrating on the influence of long-term patterns in R&D formalisation on university-industry links. This is done for selected advanced and late-industrialising countries. The literature reviewed indicated that, in advanced countries, university-industry links become more varied as R&D becomes formalised. In late industrialising countries, university-industry links become more intense as R&D becomes formalised. 

scholarly journals Reflections on neo-Kaleckian growth regimes: a Marxian reproduction perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhao ◽  
Jiahe Tian ◽  
Yuchen Duan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kaleckian Model

PurposeThe neo-Kaleckian model follows the ideas of Marx, Keynes and Kalecki, that investment is a key influencing factor in the dynamics of the capitalist mode of production. Through the discussion of different forms of investment decision function, this paper constructs the analysis framework of wage-led and profit-led economic growth regimes.Design/methodology/approachThe model has become an important theoretical paradigm for current Western heterodox economists regarding the research on the impact of functional income distribution on economic growth, and it has a very large impact on both theoretical and empirical research. Starting from Marx's reproduction theory, this article discusses the theoretical shortcomings of the neo-Kaleckian growth regime model.FindingsThis paper mainly focuses on three aspects: (1) the ideological legacy of “Smith's Dogma”; (2) neglecting the restrictions on income distribution from the organic composition of capital and the surplus value rate; (3) technological progress and the formation of a new long economic wave.Originality/valueThe authors believe that the neo-Kaleckian model unilaterally emphasizes the demand-side factors in the economy and, unconsciously or not, ignores the role of the supply-side, which makes it encounter certain limitations in explaining long-term growth. Even if some empirical conclusions are employed to bridge functional income distribution and technological progress, there is still a lack of a theoretical basis for accurately describing long-term economic changes using this model. In order to better promote high-quality economic development and accelerate the formation of a new pattern of economic development in which the domestic large-scale cycle is the mainstay and the domestic and international double cycles promote each other, the authors need to adopt a policy combination with the supply-side as the main and the demand-side as the supplement, and to work from both sides.

Opioids and Public Health: The Prescription Opioid Ecosystem and Need for Improved Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan D. Kharasch ◽  
J. David Clark ◽  
Jerome M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Opioid Prescribing ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Opioid Deaths

While U.S. opioid prescribing has decreased 38% in the past decade, opioid deaths have increased 300%. This opioid paradox is poorly recognized. Current approaches to opioid management are not working, and new approaches are needed. This article reviews the outcomes and shortcomings of recent U.S. opioid policies and strategies that focus primarily or exclusively on reducing or eliminating opioid prescribing. It introduces concepts of a prescription opioid ecosystem and opioid pool, and it discusses how the pool can be influenced by supply-side, demand-side, and opioid returns factors. It illuminates pressing policy needs for an opioid ecosystem that enables proper opioid stewardship, identifies associated responsibilities, and emphasizes the necessity of making opioid returns as easy and common as opioid prescribing, in order to minimize the size of the opioid pool available for potential diversion, misuse, overdose, and death. Approaches are applicable to opioid prescribing in general, and to opioid prescribing after surgery.

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