scholarly journals Comprendiendo la Economía Venezolana: Petróleo y dependencia externa

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Medardo Alfonso Palomino Arias
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variable

El presente artículo examina la economía venezolana a través del análisis del producto agregado, por el lado de la demanda y por el lado de la oferta. En función de la disponibilidad de datos, se emplean distintas fuentes en un horizonte temporal variable, que oscila entre 1950 y 2017. Se evidencia que la crisis económica tiene causas estructurales, donde subyace un sector externo que impone límites al crecimiento económico. Durante la Revolución Bolivariana, la economía venezolana se ha caracteriza por crecer con base al consumo y las exportaciones. Por otro lado, su inversión mostró una fuerte dependencia de las importaciones que, a su vez, dependen de la mono-exportación de petróleo. Por tanto, el modelo basado en el consumo interno se agota, ante la ausencia de cambios en la estructura productiva que permitan sustituir la renta petrolera

scholarly journals Factual Imperfective Contexts in Polish

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-127
Author(s):  
Dorota Klimek-Jankowska
Keyword(s):  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Perfective Aspect ◽  
Coherence Relation ◽  
Temporal Variable

This study aims to account for the microvariation in aspect choices in factual imperfective contexts in Polish. To this goal an online questionnaire was conducted in which the participants from western and eastern Poland were asked to fill in the missing verbs in presuppositional and existential factual contexts involving an Elaboration coherence relation. The study shows that perfective aspect is preferred in presuppositional factual contexts and imperfective is preferred in existential factual contexts in both regions. Additionally, imperfective is generally more often used in factual contexts in eastern Poland than in western Poland. The study accounts for the observed preferences by resorting to the interaction between the Elaboration relation and (in)definiteness of the temporal variable (introduced at the level of AspP) with respect to the temporal trace of a complex event decomposed in the first phase syntax.

scholarly journals Ad hoc properties and locations in Maltese

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 64-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gréte Dalmi
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Semantic Theory ◽  
Alternative States ◽  
Verbal Predicate ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Copular Sentences ◽  
Event Variable ◽  
Temporal Variable ◽  
Account Variation

This paper aims to show that the four-way BE-system of Maltese can best be accommodated in a theory of non-verbal predication that builds on alternative states, without making any reference to the Davidsonian spatio-temporal event variable. The existing theories of non-verbal predicates put the burden of explaining the difference between the ad hoc vs. habitual interpretations either solely on the non-verbal predicate, by postulating an event variable in their lexical layer (see Kratzer 1995; Adger and Ramchand 2003; Magri 2009; Roy 2013), or solely on the copular or non-copular primary predicate, which contains an aspectual operator or an incorporated abstract preposition, responsible for such interpretive differences (Schmitt 2005, Schmitt and Miller 2007, Gallego and Uriagereka 2009, 2011, Marín 2010, Camacho 2012). The present proposal combines Maienborn’s (2003, 2005a,b, 2011) discourse-semantic theory of copular sentences with Richardson’s (2001, 2007) analysis of non-verbal adjunct predicates in Russian, based on alternative states. Under this combined account, variation between the ad hoc vs. habitual interpretations of non-verbal predicates is derived from the presence or absence of a modal OPalt operator that can bind the temporal variable of non-verbal predicates in accessible worlds, in the sense of Kratzer (1991). In the absence of this operator, the temporal variable is bound by the T0 head in the standard way. The proposal extends to non-verbal predicates in copular sentences as well as to argument and adjunct non-verbal predicates in non-copular sentences.

Fisher–Kolmogorov–Petrovsky– Piscounov Reaction and n-Diffusion Cattaneo Telegraph Equation

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Olivier Dangui-Mbani ◽  
Jize Sui ◽  
Liancun Zheng ◽  
Bandar Bin-Mohsin ◽  
Goong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Adomian Decomposition Method ◽  
Relaxation Parameter ◽  
Spatial Variable ◽  
Recombination Reaction ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Approximate Analytical Solutions ◽  
Adomian Decomposition ◽  
Power Law Index ◽  
Temporal Variable

This paper presents research for a class of recombination reaction and diffusion problems in which the Cattaneo relaxation, n-diffusion flux, and p-Fisher–Kolmogorov–Petrovsky–Piscounov (KPP) reaction are considered. Approximate analytical solutions are obtained by Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and shown graphically. Some interesting results for spatial variable and temporal variable evolution are obtained. For specified spatial variable, the temperature profiles decrease with respect to the increase of relaxation parameter and power-law index n but decrease with respect to Fisher–KPP reaction parameter p. For specified temporal variable, the temperature profiles are seem oscillating with values of the relaxation parameter and power-law index n.

Very Short-Term Electric Load Forecasting Considering Climate and Temporal Variable

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Figueredo Casagrande ◽  
Oswaldo Hideo Ando Junior ◽  
Mario Orlando Oliveira ◽  
Oscar Eduardo Perrone ◽  
Jose Horacio Reversat
Keyword(s):  
Load Forecasting ◽  
Electric Load ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temporal Variable ◽  
Electric Load Forecasting

scholarly journals Meteorological property and temporal variable effect on spatial semivariance of infrared thermography of soil surfaces for detection of foreign objects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Workman ◽  
Jay Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Sensor Performance ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Thermal Variability ◽  
Temporal Variable

The environmental phenomenological properties responsible for the thermal variability evident in the use of thermal infrared (IR) sensor systems is not well understood. The research objective of this work is to understand the environmental and climatological properties contributing to the temporal and spatial thermal variance of soils. We recorded thermal images of surface temperature of soil as well as several meteorological properties such as weather condition and solar irradiance of loamy soil located at the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab (CRREL) facility. We assessed sensor performance by analyzing how recorded meteorological properties affected the spatial structure by observing statistical differences in spatial autocorrelation and dependence parameter estimates.

scholarly journals La historiografía del ´tiempo presente´en Alemania

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-71
Author(s):  
Walther L. Bernecker
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variable

El presente artículo examina el significado político, las claves epocales y las perspectivas historiográficas de lo se conoce en la República Federal Alemana como Zeitsgeschichte. El autor la enmarca en una más amplia disciplina científica surgida después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y llamada “Historia del Tiempo Presente”, y la caracteriza por un horizonte temporal variable. A través de este, la corriente se ha centrado, primero, en el fracaso de la República de Weimar y en el periodo del Tercer Reich, a continuación ha triunfado a partir de los años 1960 planteando nuevos temas sobre la historia nacional y, finalmente, ha llegado hasta una historia “reciente” del tiempo presente estudiando problemas actuales tales como las continuidades y discontinuidades de la política alemana tras la reunificación.

Petrov–Galerkin space-time hp-approximation of parabolic equations in H1/2

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 2717-2745
Author(s):  
Denis Devaud
Keyword(s):  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Exponential Convergence ◽  
Broad Class ◽  
Infinite Horizon ◽  
Initial Boundary ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Gevrey Regularity ◽  
Liouville Derivative ◽  
Temporal Variable

Abstract We analyse a class of variational space-time discretizations for a broad class of initial boundary value problems for linear, parabolic evolution equations. The space-time variational formulation is based on fractional Sobolev spaces of order $1/2$ and the Riemann–Liouville derivative of order $1/2$ with respect to the temporal variable. It accommodates general, conforming space discretizations and naturally accommodates discretization of infinite horizon evolution problems. We prove an inf-sup condition for $hp$-time semidiscretizations with an explicit expression of stable test functions given in terms of Hilbert transforms of the corresponding trial functions; inf-sup constants are independent of temporal order and the time-step sequences, allowing quasi-optimal, high-order discretizations on graded time-step sequences, and also $hp$-time discretizations. For solutions exhibiting Gevrey regularity in time and taking values in certain weighted Bochner spaces, we establish novel exponential convergence estimates in terms of $N_t$, the number of (elliptic) spatial problems to be solved. The space-time variational setting allows general space discretizations and, in particular, for spatial $hp$-FEM discretizations. We report numerical tests of the method for model problems in one space dimension with typical singular solutions in the spatial and temporal variable. $hp$-discretizations in both spatial and temporal variables are used without any loss of stability, resulting in overall exponential convergence of the space-time discretization.

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