scholarly journals Modelamiento Numérico Espacio-Temporal 1D de la Infiltración Basado en la Ecuación de Richards y Otras Simplificadas

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-36

Modelamiento Numérico Espacio-Temporal 1D de la Infiltración Basado en la Ecuación de Richards y Otras Simplificadas Numerical Modeling Temporary-Space 1D of the Infiltration Based on Richards's Equation and Other Simplified Pino Vargas E., Mejía Marcacuzco J. Abel, Chávarri Velarde E. Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Tacna, Perú Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2012.0006/ RESUMEN La infiltración es uno de los procesos hidrológicos que cobra mucha importancia en la ingeniería de ambiental y de recursos hídricos, por décadas muchos investigadores han venido haciendo esfuerzos en modelar el proceso de infiltración, partiendo de la ecuación de Richards (1931). El comportamiento de la infiltración puede ser tratado en forma tridimensional y tiempo en su forma más compleja, y dependiendo del uso que se requiera hasta en su forma unidimensional mas la componente temporal. En este trabajo se reduce la ecuación de Richards a su expresión unidimensional más su componente temporal y se resuelve bajo el método de diferencias finitas usando el esquema de Crank Nicolson en un esquema implícito alterno exacto en segundo orden tanto en espacio como en tiempo. Dicho esquema fue codificado en MATLAB, y los resultados cumplen satisfactoriamente el objetivo de predecir el movimiento del agua en el subsuelo a partir de datos de propiedades físicas de los suelos y condiciones impuestas tipo dirichlet de carga de agua sobre el suelo. Asimismo el modelo es muy versátil, puesto que permite establecer al usuario condiciones como profundidad total de simulación, espaciamiento entre nudos e intervalos de cálculo para la variable temporal. En el caso del modelo de Smith-Parlange (1978), fue resuelto usando el algoritmo de Newton Raphson, el mismo que también fue implementado en un código computacional en MATLAB, arrojando resultados satisfactorios similares a los del modelo anterior. Asimismo se elaboro un código computacional para resolver el Modelo Green Ampt (1911), haciendo la comparación de los tres modelos mencionados. Descriptores: Ecuación de Richards, Smith Parlage, Green Ampt, Infiltración, Modelamiento Numérico 1D. ABSTRACT The infiltration is one of the hydrological processes that receives a lot of importance in the environmental engineering and of water resources, per decades many investigators have come doing efforts to model the process of infiltration, departing from the equation of Richards (1931). The behavior of the infiltration can be treated in form three dimensional and time in its most complex, and depending on what is required even in its one-dimensional form most the temporal component. In this work Richards's equation diminishes to his expression unidimensional, more his temporary component and is solved under the method of finite differences using Crank-Nicolson's, scheme in an implicit alternate exact scheme, in the second order both in space and in time. The above mentioned scheme was codified in MATLAB, and the results fulfill satisfactorily the aim to predict the movement of the water in the subsoil, from information of physical properties of the soils and well conditions type dirichlet of water over on the soil. Likewise the model is very versatile, since it allows to establish the user, conditions as total depth of simulation, spacing between knots and intervals of calculation for the temporary variable. In case of the model of Smith-Parlange (1978), it was solved using the algorithm of Newton Raphson, the same one who also was implemented in a computational code in MATLAB, throwing satisfactory results similar to those of the previous model. Likewise, I elaborate a computational code to resolve the Model Green Ampt (1911), doing the comparison of three mentioned models. Keywords: Richards’s equation, Smith Parlage, Green Ampt, Infiltration, Numerical Modeling 1D.

Author(s):  
Nouar Fadila Souad ◽  
Mansouri Seddik ◽  
Amrani Mohamed ◽  
Marie Pierre ◽  
Massoum Ahmed

<p>Our work is to create a three-dimensional Simulator (3D) used for the study of the components to low geometry of design, and to determine in the volume structure  the  potential distributions and densities of free carriers in bias voltage given by solving the system of Poisson  and two  continuities equations. The initial version can simulate components of lifetime semiconductor.  In this study, we make a comparison between the lifetime and relaxation semiconductor in the conduction mode. In order to create a larger Simulator, we'll perform a calculation by varying am bipolar lifetime way to move from lifetime semiconductor to relaxation semiconductor. We consider the case corresponding at two different values of diffusion lifetime τ<sub>0</sub> which is corresponding to a measured lifetime in current transport. The method of resolution consists to linearization of the equations transport by the finite differences method. The algorithm for solving linear and strongly coupled equations deduced from the physical model is the Newton-Raphson. However, in order to allow a better convergence and consequently an improvement of time computing 3D, a method combined, incorporating the Newton algorithm and the Gummel method was developed. PIN diodes are used for test of the simulation model</p>


Author(s):  
Peter Sterling

The synaptic connections in cat retina that link photoreceptors to ganglion cells have been analyzed quantitatively. Our approach has been to prepare serial, ultrathin sections and photograph en montage at low magnification (˜2000X) in the electron microscope. Six series, 100-300 sections long, have been prepared over the last decade. They derive from different cats but always from the same region of retina, about one degree from the center of the visual axis. The material has been analyzed by reconstructing adjacent neurons in each array and then identifying systematically the synaptic connections between arrays. Most reconstructions were done manually by tracing the outlines of processes in successive sections onto acetate sheets aligned on a cartoonist's jig. The tracings were then digitized, stacked by computer, and printed with the hidden lines removed. The results have provided rather than the usual one-dimensional account of pathways, a three-dimensional account of circuits. From this has emerged insight into the functional architecture.


2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Passini

The relation between authoritarianism and social dominance orientation was analyzed, with authoritarianism measured using a three-dimensional scale. The implicit multidimensional structure (authoritarian submission, conventionalism, authoritarian aggression) of Altemeyer’s (1981, 1988) conceptualization of authoritarianism is inconsistent with its one-dimensional methodological operationalization. The dimensionality of authoritarianism was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 713 university students. As hypothesized, the three-factor model fit the data significantly better than the one-factor model. Regression analyses revealed that only authoritarian aggression was related to social dominance orientation. That is, only intolerance of deviance was related to high social dominance, whereas submissiveness was not.


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